Performance study of the multiwavelet discontinuous Galerkin approach for solving the Green‐Naghdi equations

This paper presents a multiresolution discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the adaptive solution of Boussinesq‐type equations. The model combines multiwavelet‐based grid adaptation with a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solver based on the system of fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive Green‐Naghdi (GN) equations. The key feature of the adaptation procedure is to conduct a multiresolution analysis using multiwavelets on a hierarchy of nested grids to improve the efficiency of the reference DG scheme on a uniform grid by computing on a locally refined adapted grid. This way the local resolution level will be determined by manipulating multiwavelet coefficients controlled by a single user‐defined threshold value. The proposed adaptive multiwavelet discontinuous Galerkin solver for GN equations (MWDG‐GN) is assessed using several benchmark problems related to wave propagation and transformation in nearshore areas. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme retains the accuracy of the reference scheme, while significantly reducing the computational cost

Suicide Attempts in Ilam Province, West of Iran, 2010-2014: A Time Trend Study

Background: Suicide has become an increasingly widespread form of morbidity in the developing countries. There has been an increasing trend in morbidity and mortality due to suicide in Iran over the past few decades. This study surveyed attempts and completed suicide over a 5-year period. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, overall identified suicides by systematic registration suicide data (SRSD) in Ilam Province, western Iran from 21 March 2010 to 11 December 2014 were enrolled. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used for measuring the association between the risk factors of interest and suicide. The statistical software package was Stata 11.2. Results: A Suicide attempts have slightly increased in Ilam during 2010-2014, during which, 6,818 attempted suicides occurred of which 546 were completed. The odds of completed suicide was higher among older age groups than younger ones so that the crude OR estimates of completed suicide among people aged 50 to 59 yr against people aged <20 yr was (OR=6.99; 95 CI: 3.02, 11.07). The crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates of completed suicide in males against females were (OR=3.22; 95 CI: 2.58, 3.93) and (OR=3.66; 95 CI: 3.03, 4.11), respectively. Significant excess risk also appeared with academic against illiterate attempters (OR= 2.31; 95 CI: 1.35, 3.95). Results showed no increasing trend in the suicide method. Some methods such as self-immolation had decreasing trend over time, although it was not statistically significant (P= 0.089). Conclusions: We observed the variety of suicide risk factors that calls for more diversity in preventative programs. Distribution of suicide methods is diverse across the period of the study

Anti-Ulcerative Potential of Punica granatum L (Lythraceae) Hydroalcohol Fruit Peel Extract

Purpose: To evaluate the antiulcer activities of the methanol extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) fruit peel using 80 % ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats, 175 - 220 g, were fasted for 48 h, but had free access to water. They were randomly divided into nine experimental groups. Ulcer was induced in the rats with 80 % ethanol. The control group animals received the same treatment as those in the test groups except that the extract treatment was replaced by administration of appropriate volume of the dosing vehicle. Histaminereceptor type-2 (H2) blocker, cimetidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the reference drug. Oral pretreatment with three different extract doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was for 15 days, thereafter, ulcer index (UI) and inhibition were calculated.Results: The extract, at 50 mg/kg, of black fruit peel extract produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) protective effect in rats with a preventive index of 65.87 %. Other doses were significantly protective against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in the rats. On the other hand, north white peel was not effective (50 mg/kg) showed an ulcer index of 49.52 ± 1.99. Histopathological examination of the stomach of the ulcerated animals treated with white peel (50 mg/kg) showed severe erosion of gastric mucosa, submucosal edema and neutrophil infiltration.Conclusion: The study shows indicates the antiulcer properties of the methanol extracts of north white peel, sour summer and black peel (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of pomegranate. Their antiulcer activity is exerted, possibly, via its high antioxidant activity.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Pomegranate, Punica granatum, Peel extrac

The effect of low omega-3/omega-6 ratio on auditory nerve conduction in rat pups

The biological effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are determined by their mutual interactions. This interaction extremely affects various functions. Lower consumption of omega-3 during gestation leads to various disorders, even in hearing. We aimed to assess the effect of low omega-3/omega-6 ratios on auditory nerve conduction. In this experimental study, the auditory brainstem response test was performed on a 24-day-old rat (n=14). The rats were divided into case (low omega-3/omega-6 ratio during gestation and lactation) and control groups. Variables such as P1, P3, and P4 absolute latency period, interpeak (P3-P4, P1-P3 and P1-P4), and P4/P1 amplitude ratio were measured. We found an increased P4 omega-3/omega-6 ratio in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to the P1-P3 interpeak latency (IPL) periods (P>0.05); while the P1-P4 and P3-P4 IPLs were significantly increased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). The P4/P1 amplitude ratio significantly decreased in the group with a low omega-3/omega-6 ratio (P<0.05). Results confirmed the negative effects of low omega-3/omega-6 ratio on the auditory system and hearing. © 2015 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

A discontinuous Galerkin approach for conservative modelling of fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave transformations

This work extends a robust second-order Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG2) method to solve the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive flows, within a scope to simultaneously address accuracy, conservativeness, cost-efficiency and practical needs. The mathematical model governing such flows is based on a variant form of the Green-Naghdi (GN) equations decomposed as a hyperbolic shallow water system with an elliptic source term. Practical features of relevance (i.e. conservative modelling over irregular terrain with wetting and drying and local slope limiting) have been restored from an RKDG2 solver to the Nonlinear Shallow Water (NSW) equations, alongside new considerations to integrate elliptic source terms (i.e. via a fourth-order local discretization of the topography) and to enable local capturing of breaking waves (i.e. via adding a detector for switching off the dispersive terms). Numerical results are presented, demonstrating the overall capability of the proposed approach in achieving realistic prediction of nearshore wave processes involving both nonlinearity and dispersion effects within a single model

Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the intermontane Tarom Basin (NW sectors of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone): insights into the vertical growth of the Iranian Plateau margin

The intermontane Tarom Basin of NW Iran (Arabia-Eurasia collision zone) is located at the transition between the Iranian Plateau (IP) to the SW and the Alborz Mountains to the NE. This basin was filled by Late Cenozoic synorogenic red beds that retain first-order information on the erosional history of adjacent topography, the vertical growth of the plateau margin and its lateral (orogen perpendicular) expansion. Here, we perform a multidisciplinary study including magnetostratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology and sandstone petrography on these red beds. Our data show that widespread Eocene arc volcanism in NW Iran terminated at ~ 38-36 Ma, while intrabasinal synorogenic sedimentation occurred between ~ 16.5 and < 7.6 Ma, implying that the red beds are stratigraphically equivalent to the Upper Red Formation. After 7.6 Ma, the basin experienced intrabasinal deformation, uplift and erosion in association with the establishment of external drainage. Fluvial connectivity with the Caspian Sea, however, was interrupted by at least four episodes of basin aggradation. During endorheic conditions the basin fill did not reach the elevation of the plateau interior and hence the Tarom Basin was never integrated into the plateau realm. Furthermore, our provenance data indicate that the northern margin of the basin experienced a greater magnitude of deformation and exhumation than the southern one (IP margin). This agrees with recent Moho depth estimates, suggesting that crustal shortening and thickening cannot be responsible for the vertical growth of the northern margin of the IP, and hence surface uplift must have been driven by deep-seated processes

Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the intermontane Tarom Basin (NW sectors of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone): insights into the vertical growth of the Iranian Plateau margin

The intermontane Tarom Basin of NW Iran (Arabia-Eurasia collision zone) is located at the transition between the Iranian Plateau (IP) to the SW and the Alborz Mountains to the NE. This basin was filled by Late Cenozoic synorogenic red beds that retain first-order information on the erosional history of adjacent topography, the vertical growth of the plateau margin and its lateral (orogen perpendicular) expansion. Here, we perform a multidisciplinary study including magnetostratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology and sandstone petrography on these red beds. Our data show that widespread Eocene arc volcanism in NW Iran terminated at ~ 38-36 Ma, while intrabasinal synorogenic sedimentation occurred between ~ 16.5 and < 7.6 Ma, implying that the red beds are stratigraphically equivalent to the Upper Red Formation. After 7.6 Ma, the basin experienced intrabasinal deformation, uplift and erosion in association with the establishment of external drainage. Fluvial connectivity with the Caspian Sea, however, was interrupted by at least four episodes of basin aggradation. During endorheic conditions the basin fill did not reach the elevation of the plateau interior and hence the Tarom Basin was never integrated into the plateau realm. Furthermore, our provenance data indicate that the northern margin of the basin experienced a greater magnitude of deformation and exhumation than the southern one (IP margin). This agrees with recent Moho depth estimates, suggesting that crustal shortening and thickening cannot be responsible for the vertical growth of the northern margin of the IP, and hence surface uplift must have been driven by deep-seated processes