Shari'ah law : an introduction

Providing a comprehensive and accessible examination of Shari’ah Law, this well considered introduction examines the sources, characteristic features, and schools of thought of a system often stereotyped for its severity in the West. In a progressive and graduated fashion, Mohammad Hashim Kamali discusses topics ranging from juristic disagreement to independent reasoning. Also broaching more advanced topics such as the principle of legality and the role and place of Shari’ah-oriented policy, Kamali controversially questions whether Islam is as much of a law-based religion as it has often been made out to be. Complete with a bibliography and glossary, and both a general index and an index of Arabic quotations, this wide-ranging exploration will prove an indispensable resource for Islamic students and scholars, and an informative guide to a complex topic for the general reader

Optimizing employee performance in Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka / Mohammad Haiqal Hashim

The purpose of this research was to study about Optimizing Employee Performance in Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka. There were three factors involved: training and development, performance appraisal system and employee involvement and its influence on employee performance. The questionnaire were distributed to 169 staff of Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka and the results analysed using SPSS. The results show that there is a relationship between training and development and employee involvement on employee performances, but not to performance appraisal

Backhaul and performance optimality of joint processing schemes over the cluster area

In this paper, four Joint Processing (JP) schemes have been discussed and evaluated for Dynamic Point Selection (DPS) as well as Joint Transmission (JT) over a cluster of evolved Node B (eNBs) using WINNER II channel model developed for LTE-A. The purpose of this study is developing a cooperative LTE scenario in a fixed cluster of 3 eNBs in order to evaluate and compare the performance of these schemes for both centralized and partial cooperation. It would give us a good insight about choosing the optimum scheme which provides desired performance while putting reasonable amount of burden on the backhaul of the system. Moreover, the location dependency of JP is proved over the cluster area. As a final goal, in real-world networks, exploiting a dynamic joint processing scheme selection strategy would lead to the best performance taking care of backhaul limits. It has been proved through Simulations that, centralized joint processing has better performance for both joint transmission and dynamic point selection in comparison with the partial joint processing. Also, Dynamic point selection schemes follow the performance trend of joint transmission with less performance and lower backhaul load

Matrimonial Problems of Islamic Law in Contemporary Afghanistan.

This paper concentrates on problems of excessive expenditures in marriage ceremonies, child marriage, polygamy and divorce. To date, these areas are governed by the traditional Hanafi law which, on the whole, has remained in its medieval form in Afghanistan. The existent statutory legislation which has been added to the Hanafi Law, has introduced no substantial change to the Hanafi traditional doctrines. Modern reforms of the Shari'a as introduced in the Middle East have challenged the validity of the traditional interpretations of the Shari'a principles. The traditional laws of child marriage, polygamy and divorce have been subject to radical change in recent times. Afghanistan also underwent a brief experience of similar reforms under the Nizamnama legislation of the 1920's. These were, however, short-lived, and a rebellion by the traditionalists in 1929 led to a reversal of these reforms. The Nizamnamas constitute the first modernist reforms and are therefore a good starting point in the study of matrimonial problems. The existent evidence in many Muslim countries including Afghanistan points to the continuation of a modernized Shari'a in the area of family law. Modernization of the Shari'a necessitates a process whereby proposals for its reform must seek juristic justifications from within the Shari' a. Needless to say that law reform especially in the area of family law must reflect the social needs. An inquiry into the juristic and social bases of the matrimonial problems is therefore the main concern of this paper. The fact that child marriage, polygamy and divorce are easily attainable without involving legal deterrents to guard against their abuse, constitutes a major problem in these areas. This paper underlines these problems and aims at providing solutions in terms of future reforms. Experience has proved that as a result of the intransigence of the traditionalist religious attitudes, and of the prevalence of patriarchal tribal practices, statutory legislation on matrimonial problems often failed to take effect in practical terms. It is therefore important to be pragmatic in one's approach to finding solutions to these problems

AWARENESS OF MUSLIM CONSUMERS TOWARDS FOOD SAFETY OF HOME-BASED PRODUCERS DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19 AT BANDAR BARU BANGI, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 Pandemic that happened in our country and worldwide caused an increase in the number of home-based food producers and operators for the local consumers where the food is been marketed directly or online. This phenomenon fairly gives impacts the important aspect of food safety that is crucial for customers’ health and able to avoid any foodborne deceased which can bring fatal to man health. The food preparation practice that does not keep the hygiene and quality during the food production process will cause the food to be contaminated and thus not safe for consumption. Besides, the food producer does not understand the requirements specified in the regulated law such as Food Act 1983 that need to have complied. Thus, this study aimed to examine the awareness level among Muslim consumers towards the practices of food safety, hygiene, and quality from the preparation and production, and sale of the food that has been conducted among home-based producers and operators. This study adopted a quantitative method where the data is collected from a survey online using Google Forms. The respondents are randomly selected from customers aged above 18 who stay in the area of Bandar Baru Bangi. The data is analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis by using Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPPS) tool version 21. This study shows that the awareness and knowledge of consumers towards the safety, quality, and hygiene of food is likely high. Thus, this study would like to recommend that the safe food practice should be taken seriously by the government and the food operator on the other hand should have indefinite integrity in the business conducted by putting the customer’s health as a priority in dealing with the food provided. Keywords: Awareness, Covid-19 Pandemic, Food Safety, Hala

Collagen in food and beverage industries

This paper reviews the structure, function and applications of collagens in food industry. Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal origin. It helps maintaining the structure of various tissues and organs. It is a modern foodstuff and widely used in food and beverage industries to improve the elasticity, consistency and stability of products. Furthermore, it also enhances the quality, nutritional and health value of the products. Collagen has been applied as protein dietary supplements, carriers, food additive, edible film and coatings. Therefore, this paper will review the functions and applications of collagen in the food and beverage industries. The structure and composition of collagen are also included

Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi in the Tigris River in Baghdad

The present study includs the isolation and identification of Keratinophilic fungi in fresh water samples collected from Tigris river in Baghdad, Iraq. Samples were collected from different districts of Baghdad (Al-Rustumia, Madina Al-Teb, Al-Azamia, Al-Kadimia, Al-Dorha and Al-Kanah). The water samples were examined for keratinophilic fungi by the plating method culturing and Hair Baiting Technique. A total number of 18 genera are recorded, in which the Tigris water indicates an impressive diversity of fungi. A variety of fungal strains were isolated from river water, out of 814 fungal colonies, Aspergillus terrus (5.5%) was the most frequent species, followed by Aspergillus niger (5.2%) then Rhizopus stolonifer (3.3%). The results revealed that the highest number of fungal species are found in water surface near the margin (75%) followed by the fungi isolated from water surface in the middle of the river (25%), whereas the number of fungi in 50 cm depth from water surface near the margin and 50 cm depth from water surface in the middle of the river is 17.10% and 12.20% species respectively. The results suggest that the Tigris river is a potential transmission route of fungi and a healthily hazard mainly for the immune depressed individual

Kajian sikap terhadap penggunaan TMK dan tahap penggunaan TMK dalam kalangan Pengetua dan Penolong kanan dalam Pentadbiran di Sekolah-Sekolah Menengah sekitar Daerah Kubang Pasu

The research was carried out to examine the attitude toward the usage of ICT and the use of ICT among principals, senior assistants and senior sub teachers in 'Secondary Schools' in the Kubang Pasu District. The attitude sub factors analyzed were anxiety, confidence, interest and benefits. About 290 respondents were involved in this research. The instrument used was questionaires using 'Likerd Scale' and the data was proccessed using SPSS version 12. The SPSS wil analyse data using T-test, ANOVA and regresion test. Pilot study was conducted by the researcher to determined the validity of the instrument based on Alpha Scale exceeding 0.70. Descriptive Statistic's on percentage, min and standard deviation were used to show respondent's level of teacher attitude and level of ICT used. The outcomes of this research indicated that there are significant differences in attitudes such as anxiety, interest, confidence and benefits in the usage of TMK in school admin. Hence, a few problems were identifed and solutions were given

Throughput evaluation for the downlink scenario of co-tier interference in heterogeneous network

To extend the coverage and capacity of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), femtocells (HeNodeBs) has been impressive to deploy in in-house or apartment. Owing to co-channel spectrum involvement these HeNodeB sources Co-Tier interference (CTI) with neighbor HeNodeBs and users of HeNodeB (HUE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Access (OFDMA). As a result, CTI is occurred which causes of system throughput degradation. This paperinvestigates the OFDMA subcarrier allocation techniques and algorithms. A Genetic Algorithm based SubcarrierAllocation (GA-SA) framework is evaluated to enhanced throughput of HeNodeB and HUE. The enhancement of the system throughput and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) is analyzed to mitigate CTI. The system level simulation is considered to evaluate the performance of the framework. The results show that the throughput is enhanced for HUE and HeNodeB, which can mitigate the CTI in OFDMA