American strategy towards Iraq in Obama's second term between fixed and variable (2013-2016)

The Obama administration repeated that its promise to withdraw from Iraq on time was one of its most important achievements in the first presidential term. In fact, this withdrawal was within a broader and broader context that began to emerge in Obama's second term: withdrawal from the Middle East, In the so-called Asia "Rebalance", but the growing international chaos and the explosion of many crises in the face of the US administration such as the Syrian crisis and Iraq, especially after the so-called Arab Spring revolutions, cast a shadow over the region, and turning Iraq from the success story of the Obama administration and a benchmark for its achievements in foreign policy, a story Failure and a standard of confusion in foreign policy, and critics of the Obama administration, the American withdrawal "arbitrary" created a vacuum in Iraq filled by the opponents of the United States and lose control, or at least affect the course of the arena, both at the level of local players or regional

Initial development of ice crystal ice accretion at conditions related to turbofan operation at high Altitude

Ice accretion on external surfaces of aircraft is a widely recognised problem, but more recently identified problem of ice crystal ice accretion within aero-engine compressors during flight through deep convection systems also represents a significant hazard and forms the motivation for the present work. The experimental studies targeting solid phase ice accretion are very limited due to the high wind tunnel facilities operational cost and safety concern for in-flight icing testing, which requires flight through severe weather conditions. In this study, a small wind tunnel was established to simulate some of the conditions relevant to aircraft engine icing from ice crystals and explore the application of a model for the initiation of ice accretion. In this facility, liquid nitrogen was used to freeze liquid water droplets generated using an ultrasonic nozzle. The liquid nitrogen section reduces the droplet temperature to less than -40 �C and maintains this temperature for su�cient time to ensure complete freezing occurs. The particle diameters were controlled by the air and water pressure delivered to the ultrasonic nozzle and particle diameters around 50 �m were generated. The ice water content was also measured experimentally and it was found to be around 0:42 g/m3. A temperature controller was developed to keep the specimen surface temperature essentially constant and four specimen surface temperatures were tested: -9, -5, 0, and 5 degrees �C. The wind tunnel duct had a diameter of 70mm and was operated at the relatively low flow speed of 6:5 m/s. A cylinder with diameter of 10mm and flat plate surface with length of 3:6 cm and a leading edge diameter of 3mm were used as the test specimens. A microscope video camera was used to visualise a small area on the specimen surface of 9x�9mm and record the initiation of the accretion process. The experimental data were analysed using image processing techniques, and di�erent locations around the centre line of the test specimens in the vicinity of the stagnation point were investigated. Two regions with different roughness were used on both specimens with an average roughness (Ra) for the smooth side of 0:5 �m and 1:0 �m for the rough side, but no effect of the surface roughness was observed in the experimental accretion results for these conditions. The mathematical model for accretion initiation which was developed considers the aerodynamic, adhesive, and friction force a�ecting the particles in contact with the surface. The model indicates that ice accretion can occur at subfreezing conditions in the stagnation region and this effect was observed in the present experiments. The model also indicates that accretion is less likely to occur as the temperature increases due to reductions in the coe�cient of friction. Such an effect was also observed in the experiments: accretion occurred most rapidly in the -9 degrees �C case but virtually no accretion was registered in the 0 degrees �C and 5 degrees �C cases. Although the mathematical model suggested the accretion could also initiate on a flat plate with a laminar boundary layer, this was not observed experimentally. The lack of the accretion in the laminar boundary layer configuration is attributed to the �finite leading edge diameter on which substantial ice accretion was observed. The rate of accretion development on the leading edge of the flat plate was comparable to that on the large diameter cylinder specimen which is not consistent with the trends suggested by the mathematical model. The new wind tunnel duct conditions can be controlled and solid ice particles of a uniform shape and known size distribution can be produced. The development of the new facility and the force-balance model has established useful tools which can be further enhanced in future ice accretion studies

Moesin mediated intracellular signalling in LPS-stimulated differentiated THP-1 cells

Thesis (D.Sc.)--Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2004 (Oral Biology).Includes bibliography (leaves 107-151).Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid found in the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin (IL )-1, by monocytes/macrophages. Excessive and uncontrolled secretion of these compounds leads to multiple pathological conditions, such as septic shock. LPS receptors have been shown to be CD14, TLR4 and MD-2. LPS interaction with these receptors mediates many monocyte/macrophage functions. Even though only CD14 was demonstrated to bind to LPS, and TLR4/MD-2 were capable of transducing signals, data only show that LPS and CD 14 were in close proximity to TLR4 and no direct binding was reported. Quite recently, moesin, a member of the ERM family of proteins, has been also found to function as a receptor for LPS. We have shown that anti-moesin antibody inhibited the release of TNFa by LPS stimulated monocytes. Moesin was also found to be necessary for the detection of LPS, where homozygous knockout mice exhibited 3-fold reduction in neutrophil infiltrates in LPS injected sites when compared to their wild type controls. When moesin gene expression was completely suppressed with antisense oligonucleotides, there was a significant reduction of LPS-induced TNF-a secretion. LPS stimulation of mononuclear phagocytes activates several intracellular signaling pathways including the phosphorylation of IKBa, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways: extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1 / 2 (P44/42), p38. These signaling pathways in tum activate a variety of transcription factors including NF-KB, which coordinates the induction of several genes encoding inflammatory mediators. [TRUNCATED

A Review of Optimization to the Operation of a Complex Water Resources System Based on Certain Practical Assumptions and Simplification

تم إعداد هذا البحث لمراجعة التشغيل الأمثل للنظام المعقد للموارد المياه باستخدام البرمجة الديناميكية DP والبرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة DDDP. بالاضافة الى حل نموذج الامثلية البرمجة الديناميكية النموذجي، تم اعتماد نموذج المحاكاة لتحقيق عملية تقريبية للتشغيل الأمثل قدر الإمكان، والحفاظ على مستوى التخزين والإطلاقات داخل المحددات. من أجل الوصول إلى الحل الأمثل لمشكلة الخزان عمليا، تم استخدام طريقة رقمية للبرمجة الديناميكية لتحديد القرار المتسلسل الامثل، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار القيود الفعالة المرتبطة بالمشكلة. البرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة هو إجراء لحل العديد من المشاكل التي تمت صياغتها بالفعل كمخططات ديناميكية وبالتالي تقليل متطلبات الذاكرة وحفظ الوقت الحسابي. تم تطبيق نموذج الامثلية على عمليتين افتراضيتين تمثلان الحالات القصوى، وهما سنتين متتالية نسبيًا من الرطوبة وسنتين جافتين متتاليتين نسبياً. شكلت بيانات التدفق التاريخي لـ (240) شهرا (من أكتوبر 1988 إلى سبتمبر 2005) كبيانات الإدخال إلى نموذج الامثلية للحصول على منحنيات القاعدة (العلوي، المتوسط ​​، المنخفض). وتم تجنب حالة الفيضان داخل خزان العظيم بشكل كامل وقد أظهرت نظام التشغيل الامثل عجزًا في تلبية متطلبات سد العظيم. وقد بينت النتائج بان التشغيل الامثل للسنتين الرطبتين القصوى مسيطر عليها من ناحية الفيضان ونسبة عجز 9.3–59.1 م3/ثا من أصل 34.2% من الاحتياج الكلي وللسنوات الجافه القصوى 11.8 – 81.2 م3/ثا من أصل% 57.3 من الاحتياج الكلي.This research is set out to review of “optimum the water complex resources system by using dynamic programming DP and Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming DDDP, Beside a solution of formulated DP optimization model, the model of simulation was adopt for achieve the operation as close to optimum operation as possible, with the keep level of storage and releases within their targets”. In aiming at the optimal solution of the reservoir – operation problem, (DP) represents a numerical method which is used to determine the optimal sequential decisions, taking into consideration an effective constraints associated with problem. DDDP is the solution procedure of many problems which already formulated as dynamic – programming ones. It is reduce the memory requirements and save computational time. The Optimization model was applied for “two operations hypothetical represented by the cases of extreme, namely consecutive to the relatively of two wet years and two consecutive the relatively of dry years”. The data to the historical inflow for “(240) months are (from Oct. 1988 to Sep. 2005) was form to the data input to a model of optimization for found rule curves (lower, average and upper)”. A flooding state within Al_Edhaim Resevoir has been fully avoided. “The policy to the optimization of operation is shown a deficiency in satisfying downstream Al-Edhaim Dam demands”. “The optimization of the operation for two consecutive wet years would be full capable controlling expected floods, so as to the deficiency would be from 9.3–59.1 cumecs total of 34.2% of demand, then the optimization of the operation for two consecutive dry years would be from 11.8 – 81.2 cumecs total of 57.3 % of the whole demand"

Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi in the Tigris River in Baghdad

The present study includs the isolation and identification of Keratinophilic fungi in fresh water samples collected from Tigris river in Baghdad, Iraq. Samples were collected from different districts of Baghdad (Al-Rustumia, Madina Al-Teb, Al-Azamia, Al-Kadimia, Al-Dorha and Al-Kanah). The water samples were examined for keratinophilic fungi by the plating method culturing and Hair Baiting Technique. A total number of 18 genera are recorded, in which the Tigris water indicates an impressive diversity of fungi. A variety of fungal strains were isolated from river water, out of 814 fungal colonies, Aspergillus terrus (5.5%) was the most frequent species, followed by Aspergillus niger (5.2%) then Rhizopus stolonifer (3.3%). The results revealed that the highest number of fungal species are found in water surface near the margin (75%) followed by the fungi isolated from water surface in the middle of the river (25%), whereas the number of fungi in 50 cm depth from water surface near the margin and 50 cm depth from water surface in the middle of the river is 17.10% and 12.20% species respectively. The results suggest that the Tigris river is a potential transmission route of fungi and a healthily hazard mainly for the immune depressed individual

An Overview of Particle Swarm Optimization Variants

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is a stochastic algorithm used for the optimization problems proposed by Kennedy [1] in 1995. It is a very good technique for the optimization problems. But still there is a drawback in the PSO is that it stuck in the local minima. To improve the performance of PSO, the researchers proposed the different variants of PSO. Some researchers try to improve it by improving initialization of the swarm. Some of them introduce the new parameters like constriction coefficient and inertia weight. Some researchers define the different method of inertia weight to improve the performance of PSO. Some researchers work on the global and local best particles by introducing the mutation operators in the PSO. In this paper, we will see the different variants of PSO with respect to initialization, inertia weight and mutation operators

A Time-Series Analysis of Economic Growth in the Context of Indian Economy

India has a sizable and successful consumer class, which is critical given that household consumption accounts for 60% of GDP. Total market value is calculated by adding the monetary or market values of all final goods and services produced inside a nation's borders. Additionally, the gross domestic product at market value (GDP at market value) may be employed to reflect this total market value. Total domestic production is defined in terms of GDP to assess the economy's health. GDP is computed on a quarterly or yearly basis, depending on the state of the economy at the moment. Human capital is a country's most important natural resource, and it must be used appropriately and acknowledged to accomplish long-term economic goals sustainably. India is the world's second-most populated nation, with 1.3 billion people behind China. According to the World Bank, India's global influence has grown in lockstep with its consistent economic success. Compared to wealthier nations, emerging countries have several obstacles, including a lack of infrastructure and a low per capita income. Another issue that has to be addressed is the growth of rural economic systems. According to some experts, India's current economic instability will culminate in an unprecedented economic boom, which they believe has already begun

The Role of Balanced Scorecard to Raise the Financial Performance of SME’s Supply Chain

Abstract- The purpose of this study is the role of the balanced scorecard to raise the financial performance of SMEs supply chain. This research is an applied and correlated study which formed the statistical society of the research staff with 1122 people for small and medium enterprises. Using the Cochran formula, the statistical sample of 286 was selected by stratified sampling. Using the Cochran formula, the statistical sample of 286 was selected by stratified sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire of balanced scorecard and financially researcher-made questionnaire includes dimensions of value management, risk control and cost control. The reliability of the questionnaires was 0.79 for the human capital questionnaire and 0.80 for the financial performance questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts. In this research, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test were used. The results of the research showed that the scorecard is balanced and affects the financial performance of small and medium enterprises supply chain. In this research, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression test were used. The results of this study showed that the balanced scorecard is effective on the financial performance of small and medium enterprises supply chain. Keywords: Performance evaluation, Balanced Scorecard, Financial performance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Supply Chain

Emerging Practices of Design and Economic as Studio-Ceramic Entrepreneurial Concepts

This research attempt to re-designing craft entrepreneurial practices from the conventional approach in the design process and design activity, integrating new technology such as the Internet of thing (IoT) into online visual communication between user-designer. Product design often emphasizes aspects of design elements that result in a good product and a balance between design and economics (Designnomic). Purchasing the product will impact the products to be marketed and give new exposure to the user-designer in Designomic ecosystems. Keywords: Design; economic; studio-ceramic eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under the responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7.378