Studies On Local Isolates Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Infectious bursal disease (lBD) is one of the most important viral diseases in chickens. IBD virus ( IBDV) from seven local field outbreaks in layer, broiler and village chickens were isolated, propagated and identified. The pathogenicity and immunogenicity of one of the selected isolates were determined in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The study showed that the IBDV can cause sudden onset of mortality ranging from 15 % to 90 % during the outbreaks.. It occurred in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens with the age group ranging from 1 8 days to 14 weeks. Layers appeared to be more susceptible to the virus than the broilers, whilst the highest mortality (90 %) was observed in village chickens. Haemorrhages of the bursa of Fabricius, muscles and mucosal layers at the junction of the proventriculus and gizzard were the typical gross lesions caused by the virus. The bursal lesions vary from moderate enlargement and oedematous to severe atrophy. Histologically, the enlarged bursa showed acute necrotizing bursitis, whilst chronic necrotizing bursitis was seen in the atrophic organ. The virus particles were detected in the cytoplasm of the lymphoid cells, macrophages and necrotic cells of the bursa of Fabricius under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inoculation of the IBDY isolates obtained from the bursa of Fabricius into embryc'l1ated chicken eggs caused embryonic death, haemorrhages, oedema and hepatic necrosis. The lesions were more severe in SPF eggs than the commercial eggs. Inoculation of the virus into susceptible chickens caused some variation in the mortality and lesions. All isolates of the IBDY from the outbreaks showed distinct curve of agar gel diffusion precipitation lines between the positive sample and reference serum against IBOY

Factor Affecting Housing Loan/House Financing Pricing; Comparative Evaluation Between Conventional Bank And Islamic Bank

Lately, the demand for housing becomes increasing due to the increasing of their life style and increasing of the population. Due to that, financial institution in Malaysia was competing each others in offering housing loan/house financing to the customer. Financial institution in Malaysia has divided into two major systems which is Conventional system and Islamic system, so, this financing also divided into two which are housing loan for conventional and house financing in Islamic. Net interest margin is using as a proxy to housing loan/house financing interest rate. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors considered by banks in determining housing loan/house financing price; comparative evaluation between Conventional Bank and Islamic Bank. To achieve the objective, this dissertation employs the convergent interview and regression of the model. This dissertation have been used a SPSS version 10 as analysis technique to analyzed data. From this analysis, the result suggested that have 8 factors considered by the bank in determining housing loan/house financing price

Leadership soft skills and co-curriculum management for university graduates

This paper discusses Leadership which is one of the Soft Skills in a graduate’s intrapersonal skills and also Co-curriculum Management skills on the activities that are conducted during their studies. My interests in the subject shows that the soft skills plays an important role in ensuring the graduate’s employability. The findings also point out the effectiveness of Co-curriculum management in public universities based on the literature presented

Mathematical evaluation of context transfer and multicast fast reroute in multicast enabled network mobility management

Internet applications such as web based monitoring; live internet video, online video, video conference, webcam viewing and internet video to TV are highly used in today’s IP communication. The trends of these applications are, that they are played on mobile devices and distributed to many end users. Multicast communication over IP contributes to the end users applications distribution. It has been discovered by a CISCO research that mobile multicast traffic will soon reach zetabyte in 2019. The aim of this paper is to introduce new method that enable multicast in network mobility management. The new method is using context transfer and multicast fast reroute technique. The proposed method is quantitatively evaluated in terms of packet loss and service recovery tim

Simulation Analysis for Multicast Context Delivery Network Mobility Management

The objective of this paper is to presents analyses for multicast network mobility management using NS3. It is mainly to verify the proposed network architecture and its activities.  NS3 is a network simulator that implements virtually network prototype that is close to real implementation. Network mobility management has become a popular topic in networking research due to its ability to mitigate mobile IPv6 problems. However the standard network mobility management only introduced to support unicast traffic. Hence this paper integrates context transfer and multicast fast reroute, and implements this integration to the standard network mobility management. This implementation enables multicast to network mobility management with high network performance support. The analyses focus on the throughput performance. The analyses of this simulator are hereby presented

Deployment of Optimized Algorithm for MPEG-4 Data Over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Typical Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) always deals with scalar data such as temperature. These types of data are suitable for low rate networking technology such as IEEE802.15.4. Transmitting a video for IEEE 802.15.4 raised other challenges for bandwidth limited sensor networks like WSN. The optimization method able to determine the optimal limit for quantization scale, group of picture and frame per second in order to suit the WSN environment. Changing these parameters affects the bandwidth requirement and video quality in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). This project aims to create an embedded code in TelG mote according to this concept. Results from experiment show improvements in packet delivery ratio of 28% for Akiyo qcif file, 27% for Foreman qcif file and 9% for Mobile qcif file. This work proved that the method has successfully increased the network performance