Comparison of the Performance of Iranian Azeri-Speaking Children Based on Iran and Reference Bayley III Norms

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was comparing of performance of Iranian children on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development- third edition with the standardized norms of Iran and United State. Materials & Methods A total of 248 Iranian children at the ages of 1-42 months were participated in this study. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development- third edition was administered to evaluate the cognitive, language and motor development of these children. Results The scaled scores of the study group were higher based on the reference norms in receptive communication, fine motor, and gross motor subtests. The scaled scores were variable in expressive communicationand cognitive subtests. The differences were significant for receptive communication and fine motor subtests (P<0.05). Using the reference norms instead of Iran norms resulted in under-referral regardingreceptive communication and fine motor subtests. More children scored below 1 and 2 SD using Iran norms in comparison to those reported for using the reference norms. Conclusion Iran norms differ significantly from the reference norms over twosubscales. It is recommended to use population-specific norms to identify children with developmental delay and early interventio

Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Scientific Outputs Relevant to Health Education and Promotion in Iran during 1998-2011

Background: Since the aim of health research is to improve the quality of community life, the results obtained from these research could be used in health policies and practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bibliometric and content analysis of research relevant to health education and promotion performed in Iran during 1998-2011. Methods: This is a descriptive content analysis study. Data were collected from online databases (IranMedex, Medlib, SID, ISI, and PubMed), and all published articles relevant to health education and promotion in Iran up to the end of March 2011 were included in this study. In order to do content analysis a researcher-made checklist approved by experts was used for identifying the variables. Data was entered into SPSS 21 and descriptive statistics and percents were calculated. Results: From 1227 documents retrieved, 817 were published in Persian and 410 in English. A great share of retrieved documents belonged to the articles published in the scientific journals (87.4%). Mental health (10.7%), family planning and reproductive health (10.2 %), and chronic non-communicable diseases (10.2%) were the most frequent subject areas in research relevant to health promotion, respectively. Most of the studies were cross-sectional (52.1%), the most widely used method was simple random sampling (27.7%), and most of the studies were performed locally in provinces (83.7%). Conclusion: Doing more studies by outlining the exact perspective of health promotion research in Iran and comparison of the current status of Iran with that of other countries are recommended

Efficacy measurement of ketorolac in reducing the severity of headache

Objective: One of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) named as ketorolac is frequently used to relieve acute pain. Current study was conducted with the aim of ketorolac efficacy measurement as a pain killer agent for controlling the primary headache in emergency departments. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 50 patients with primary headache who received 60 mg ketorolac intravenously as a slow infusion in about 10 minutes. Pain scores were evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) on arrival and also 1 hour and 2 hours after ketorolac infusion. Statistical analysis was performed on collected data by using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests to assess the differences in VAS pain scores. Results: Decreasing the VAS more than 3 points from the arrival until 1 hour (P<0.001), and more than 5 points from the arrival until 2 hours after ketorolac administration (P<0.001) were seen. Those with history of analgesic use before admission in emergency department in comparison with the others did not accompany with more decline in pain score after 1 hour (P=0.34) or 2 hours (P=0.92). Conclusion: It seems that ketorolac is assured, safe and well tolerated agent for pain control in patients presented with primary headache to the emergency departments. Based on the results achieved in this study, ketorolac illustrates its perceptible effects within 1 hour after administration that even more prominent after 2 hours

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

This online publication has been corrected. The corrected version first appeared at thelancet.com on September 28, 2023BACKGROUND : Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. METHODS : Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. FINDINGS : In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world’s highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. INTERPRETATION : Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.http://www.thelancet.comam2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

The Effect of DASH Diet on Anthropometric Indices and Body Composition in Healthy Obese Women

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly worldwide. Diet modification is one of the best possible solutions for prevention and treatment of obesity. One of the diets suggested in this context is the DASH diet (an antihypertensive diet). The present study was designed to determine the effectiveness of this diet on anthropometric indices and body composition in healthy obese women.   Methods: This study is a randomized parallel controlled trial, carried out on 44 healthy obese women. After an adjustment period, the participants were assigned to intervention (DASH diet) and control (usual dietary advice) groups. Anthropometric indices and body composition were assessed every 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-, independent sample t-, and analysis of covariance tests.   Results: After following the DASH eating pattern for three months, variables of weight (p=0.04), body mass index (p=0.03), waist circumference (p=0.01), and waist to hip ratio (p=0.02) significantly decreased compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in body composition of the participants (p≥0.05).   Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of obesity, adherence to the DASH diet, as health promotion model, is recommended for prevention of various disorders, especially obesity

Satisfaction of Service Recipients of Family Physician Program in Kerman, 2011

Background: Family Physician program is one of the most important programs in the health sector of Iran. Since satisfaction can affect the efficacy, quantity and quality of health services, the present study was designed to determine the satisfaction rate of service recipients in Kerman from Family Physician program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 370 individuals in the rural districts of Kerman where family physician program had been implemented. Multistage clustering method was applied for sampling and data collection was done using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as Chi- square, t- test and one way ANOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.3 ±10.1 years. Satisfaction was favorable in 18.72%, relatively favorable in 60.85% and unfavorable in 20.43%. Satisfaction showed a significant relationship with marital status and level of education; that is, maximum satisfaction was observed in married subjects and minimum in those with university degrees. But satisfaction had no significant relationship with age or gender. Conclusion: In general, the level of satisfaction among recipients of family physician program was relatively favorable; of course, along with the raising expectations of people, maintaining the present status and even improving this service is necessary. Keywords: Family Physician program, Satisfaction, Service recipient

Regional simulation and landslide risk prediction based on bivariate logistic regression (A case study: Pahne Kola watershed in north of Iran)

This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in Pahne Kola watershed located in the south of Sari, based on bivariate logistic regression. For this purpose, the distribution map of the area’s landslides was firstly prepared in ArcGIS software. Eight effective factors on landslide event including elevation, slope, slope aspect, rainfall, land use, distance from the road, soil and geology were considered as independent variables. PGA is same for all the area because the study area is small. The independent variables including eight effective factors were including 61 sliding points as dependent variable, and number 1 was devoted to the presence and zero was devoted to absence of landslide. After quantitative analysis, the related data was transferred to SPSS software and after interpreting the coefficients, just the distance from the road was recognized as a significant variable influencing the final equation and the other independent variables were omitted from the final equation because of the lack of statistical correlation. After transferring the final probability equation to ArcGIS software, the landslide hazard map was prepared. Statistical model accuracy was evaluated and approved by omnibus test, model summary table, classification graph and table. Statistical evaluation of the model showed that the overall accuracy of prepared map was 85.2%

Meaning and lived experience of Iranian COVID‐19 survivors: A phenomenological study

Abstract Background The Coronavirus (COVID‐19) is among the most contagious diseases worldwide. During the first peak of the illness, COVID‐19 was considered a considerable crisis for survivors. This qualitative study explored the meaning and lived experience of Iranian COVID‐19 survivors. This qualitative study was conducted in Iran sometime after the onset of the coronavirus in 2020. Methods This interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was performed on twenty survivors of COVID‐19 disease, recruited through the purposeful sampling method via in‐depth semistructured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and several codes were extracted. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software (v. 12). Results The main themes and subthemes obtained from the data analysis included (1) Taboo and stigma: COVID‐19 as a monster, feelings of social exclusion and loneliness, an obvious sign of shamelessness and maltreatment, (2) God's predestination: God's will and test, COVID‐19 as a wake‐up call to remind low human power, (3) Shadow of death: The fear of death after positive test results, death is closer than the jugular vein, the mourning of a loved one's death, and mourning for an untimely death, (4) Caregivers as an angel: Family as an unrepentant supportive, know the level of family love and attention, and (5) Rebirth and new life: understand the higher value of health and pay more attention to self‐care behavior, and God gives us a golden chance to experience a better life. Conclusions According to the results of this study, COVID‐19 survivors experience various issues regarding the nature of the disease, coping with the illness, and their social and psychological status affected by COVID‐19. Considering the multidimensional supportive programs, increasing public awareness and changing negative attitudes toward the patients and survivors of the pandemic for better rehabilitation and adjustment is essential