Modeling Cooperation using Networks

This model simplifies cooperation between individuals using Watts-Strogatz, Erdos-Renyi, Barabasi-Albert, and lattice-style networks where vertices represent individuals. At each time step, the individuals are able to interact with one another and decide whether or not to “cooperate” using a random number generator. If an individual’s neighbor decides to cooperate with them, their probability of cooperating in the future increases. If their neighbor does not, their probability decreases. From this simulation, it was found that in some cases, the population moves towards total cooperation, and in other cases it falls into complete defection after a number of time steps. This project dives into the differences between individuals who cooperate with others every time (cooperators) versus individuals who relentlessly decline to cooperate (defectors). This includes an analysis of the clustering coefficients, closeness centrality values, degrees, average cooperation probability of neighbors, and betweenness centrality values for the neighbors of all cooperators and defectors. From these measures, it has been determined that the average cooperation probability of the neighbors of each cooperator and defector is significantly different, while the closeness centrality values and degrees of their neighbors are not

Finding maximum square-free 2-matchings in bipartite graphs

AbstractA 2-matching in a simple graph is a subset of edges such that every node of the graph is incident with at most two edges of the subset. A maximum 2-matching is a 2-matching of maximum size. The problem of finding a maximum 2-matching is a relaxation of the problem of finding a Hamilton tour in a graph. In this paper we study, in bipartite graphs, a problem of intermediate difficulty: The problem of finding a maximum 2-matching that contains no 4-cycles. Our main result is a polynomial time algorithm for this problem. We also present a min–max theorem

Patriotism, race, and gender bending through American song: cover illustrations of popular music from the Civil War to World War I

This dissertation engages America's illustrated sheet music through topical analyses of political and social ruptures from the Civil War to World War I. In so doing, it demonstrates that music illustrations fit into larger networks of American picture making, participating in the recording and redirecting of contemporary American anxieties. Chapter 1: Bloody Banner, Silent Drum: The Material Wounded on Civil War Sheet Music argues that violated flags and drums in music illustrations transcended their martial functionality to signify loss of innocence and life; in so doing, they took on their own subjectivity. Chapter 2: Banjos, Rifles, and Razors: Picturing American Blackness investigates the transition from black-face minstrel songs to the "coon song craze" of the 1880s and 1890s, arguing that the stock character's razor, a weapon frequently figured in the songs, was not only a symbol of violence but of white fears of black social mobility. Chapter 3: Hoopskirts and Handlebars: Gender Construction and Transgression in Victorian America offers two case studies, one of cross-dressing pictures after the Civil War, the other of gendered bicycle images, arguing that the American public between the war and the turn of the century enjoyed contemplating the flexibility of gender roles and boundaries. Chapter 4: "There Were Giants in the Earth": Monsters of the First World War argues that popular pictures of American giants and monstrous war machines engaged in symbolic battle with monstrous Huns, who symbolized German atrocity for a Euro-American public uncomfortable with the idea of war with European peoples. At the same time, giants represented the common belief of America's special role in international peace, as neutrality gave way to declared war. Sheet music illustration was a vibrant part of American visual culture. By assessing the layered meanings of these often ignored pictures, my dissertation seeks to recover and restore lost memories of America's usual but fraught visual romance with popular song

Using R to build and assess network models in biology

In this paper we build and analyze networks using the statistical and programming environment R and the igraph package. We investigate random, small-world, and scale-free networks and test a standard problem of connectivity on a random graph. We then develop a method to study how vaccination can alter the structure of a disease transmission network. We also discuss a variety of other uses for networks in biology. © EDP Sciences, 2011

Land Mobility in a Central and Eastern European Land Consolidation Context

In most of the Central and Eastern European countries, land reforms after 1989 have resulted in extensive land fragmentation. The majority of the countries have during the two recent decades introduced land consolidation instruments to address the structural problems with land fragmentation and small farm sizes through donor funded projects with international technical assistance. The approach has normally been voluntary and low land mobility in the project areas has often been a constraint. It is the aim of this paper to explore the problems and possible solutions related to low land mobility in a Central and Eastern European land consolidation context. The term land mobility is defined and the limited theory available is reviewed. Case studies of land mobility in land consolidation pilot projects in Moldova, Albania and Bosnia-Herzegovina show the correlation between land mobility and the success or failure of voluntary land consolidation projects. In situations with low land mobility, land consolidation instruments need in order to be successful to be supported by other land policy tools such as land banks. The use of existing state agricultural land is an obvious foundation for establishing a state land bank

Land Consolidation and Land Banking in Denmark:Tradition, Multi-purpose and Perspectives

The Danish land consolidation tradition has its roots in the land reform launched in the 1780s. The first“modern” land consolidation law was adopted in 1924. The land consolidation procedure is today basically the same as the system which was introduced in 1955. Until 1990, land consolidation was used as an instrument for agricultural development (i.e. mainly through reduction of land fragmentation and increase in agricultural holding sizes). In 1990, the objective of implementing land consolidation was broadened. It was explicitly included in the preamble of the land consolidation law that the objective is both to contribute to agricultural development and to the implementation of nature and environmental projects as well as to provide land as compensation for agricultural holdings affected by such projects. Since 1990, the land consolidation and land banking instruments have proven to be absolutely essential in the process of reaching voluntary agreements with the landowners affected by nature projects. Public funding of the traditional land consolidation projects with agricultural development as main objective was discontinued in 2006. At the same time, the land consolidation projects implemented in recent years (after a public initiative often in connection with the implementation of a nature project) may only include land transactions which contribute to the implementation of the public initiated project. Thus, the multi-purpose potential which could be expected after the amendment of the land consolidation law in 1990 has so far not been realized. The volume of the Danish land consolidation program has in the last years been reduced more than half compared to the previous decades

Ernæring til brukere med Huntingtons sykdom

Studentarbeid i sykepleie (bachelorgrad) - Universitetet i Nordland, 201

Process intensification of fuel synthesis and electrolysis

”As more renewable energy is added to the electric grid, energy storage becomes a high priority. Suggestions have been made for energy storage in the form of fuel and chemicals. Currently, Solid Oxide Electrolysis systems can operate in endothermic mode and reduce the electrical requirement by supplying heat. Fuel synthesis from syngas is exothermic and can supply heat. However, the temperature mismatch in the normal operation of the electrolysis step and fuel synthesis step makes the direct utilization of this heat impossible. This work explores possibilities of alternate arrangements of coupling electrochemical systems and chemical synthesis. This work also explores potential for heat integration between the electrolysis and synthesis steps. This is done through exploring higher temperature fuel synthesis systems, and a new intermediate temperature electrolysis system. The successful use of a Mo₂C/HZSM-5 catalyst for ethylene production is shown. Analysis of potential benefits and limitations of each technological approach are examined. The breakeven carbon pricing for the hybrid energy system production of chemicals to be competitive with fossil-fuel based chemical production is calculated”--Abstract, page iii