A climate club to decarbonize the global steel industry

Decarbonizing global steel production requires a fundamental transformation. A sectoral climate club, which goes beyond tariffs and involves deep transnational cooperation, can facilitate this transformation by addressing technical, economic and political uncertainties

Technical Note: An Automated System for Separate Combustion of Elemental and Organic Carbon for C-14 Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosol

We present the design and evaluation of an automated system for the conversion of elemental and organic carbon aerosol to CO2 for subsequent radiocarbon analysis. The system allows heating the sample in pure oxygen or helium at user defined temperature steps, followed by catalytic conversion of incomplete carbonaceous combustion products to CO2. The resulting CO2 is quantified using an NDIR detector and can be separated from other combustion by-products in a reduction oven. The purified CO2 is cryogenically collected in glass ampoules that can be sealed for storage until C-14 analysis. We show that (1) the CO2 amount measured by the calibrated NDIR sensor compares well to an independent manometric method, (2) that we successfully remove combustion by-products such as SO2, H2O, and NOx, resulting in pure CO2 samples, and (3) that the system has low contamination and negligible cross contamination making it ideal for the analysis of very small samples in the order of 10-50 mu gC

Author Correction: A climate club to decarbonize the global steel industry

Author Correction to the article: A climate club to decarbonize the global steel industr

A climate club to decarbonize the global steel industry

Decarbonizing global steel production requires a fundamental transformation. A sectoral climate club, which goes beyond tariffs and involves deep transnational cooperation, can facilitate this transformation by addressing technical, economic and political uncertainties

How trade policy can support the climate agenda: Ensure open markets for clean technologies and products

Ensure open markets for clean technologies and products Economic analysis has produced ample insights on how international trade and climate policy interact (1). Trade presents both opportunities and obstacles, and invites the question of how domestic climate policies can be effective in a global economy integrated through international trade. Particularly problematic is the potential relocation of production to regions with low climate standards. Measures to level the playing field, such as border carbon adjustments (BCAs), may be justified for specific emissions-intensive and trade-exposed sectors but need to be well-targeted, carefully navigating tensions that can arise between the desire to respect global trade rules and the need to elaborate and implement effective national climate policies. The conformity of specific trade measures with international trade and climate change law is not entirely clear. Yet, clarity is needed to ensure that the industry actors affected will find the rules predictable and be able to adhere to them

How trade policy can support the climate agenda

Economic analysis has produced ample insights on how international trade and climate policy interact (1). Trade presents both opportunities and obstacles, and invites the question of how domestic climate policies can be effective in a global economy integrated through international trade. Particularly problematic is the potential relocation of production to regions with low climate standards. Measures to level the playing field, such as border carbon adjustments (BCAs), may be justified for specific emissions-intensive and trade-exposed sectors but need to be well-targeted, carefully navigating tensions that can arise between the desire to respect global trade rules and the need to elaborate and implement effective national climate policies. The conformity of specific trade measures with international trade and climate change law is not entirely clear. Yet, clarity is needed to ensure that the industry actors affected will find the rules predictable and be able to adhere to them