4,378 research outputs found
Coordination of Federal And State Tax Laws: Effect on Virginia Corporations And Their Shareholders
Book Review- The Appearance of Justice, Serving Justice
These are book review from the 1975 Law Review
Towards an Accurate Identification of Pyloric Neuron Activity with VSDi
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) which enables simultaneous optical recording of many neurons in the pyloric circuit of the stomatogastric ganglion is an important technique to supplement electrophysiological recordings. However, utilising the technique to identify pyloric neurons directly is a computationally exacting task that requires the development of sophisticated signal processing procedures to analyse the tri-phasic pyloric patterns generated by these neurons. This paper presents our work towards commissioning such procedures. The results achieved to date are most encouraging
The regional economic impact of more graduates in the labour market: a âmicro-to-macroâ analysis for Scotland
This paper explores the system-wide impact of graduates on the regional economy. Graduates enjoy a significant wage premium, often interpreted as reflecting their greater productivity relative to non-graduates. If this is so there is a clear and direct supply-side impact of HEI activities on regional economies. We use an HEI-disaggregated computable general equilibrium model of Scotland to estimate the impact of the growing proportion of graduates in the Scottish labour force that is implied by the current participation rate and demographic change, taking the graduate wage premium in Scotland as an indicator of productivity enhancement. While the detailed results vary with alternative assumptions about the extent to which wage premia reflect productivity, they do suggest that the long-term supply-side impacts of HEIs provide a significant boost to regional GDP. Furthermore, the results suggest that the supply-side impacts of HEIs are likely to be more important than the expenditure impacts that are the focus of most HEI impact studies
Residential Proximity to Major Roadways at Birth, DNA Methylation at Birth and Midchildhood, and Childhood Cognitive Test Scores: Project Viva(Massachusetts, USA).
BackgroundEpigenetic variability is hypothesized as a regulatory pathway through which prenatal exposures may influence child development and health.ObjectiveWe sought to examine the associations of residential proximity to roadways at birth and epigenome-wide DNA methylation. We also assessed associations of differential methylation with child cognitive outcomes.MethodsWe estimated residential proximity to roadways at birth using a geographic information system (GIS) and cord blood methylation using Illumina's HumanMethylation450-array in 482 mother-child pairs in Project Viva. We identified individual CpGs associated with residential-proximity-to-roadways at birth using robust linear regression [[Formula: see text]]. We also estimated association between proximity-to-roadways at birth and methylation of the same sites in blood samples collected at age 7-11 y ([Formula: see text]). We ran the same analyses in the Generation R Study for replication ([Formula: see text]). In Project Viva, we investigated associations of differential methylation at birth with midchildhood cognition using linear regression.ResultsLiving closer to major roadways at birth was associated with higher cord blood (and-more weakly-midchildhood blood) methylation of four sites in LAMB2. For each halving of residential-proximity-to-major-roadways, we observed a 0.82% increase in DNA methylation at cg05654765 [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.54%, 1.10%)], 0.88% at cg14099457 [95% CI: (0.56%, 1.19%)], 0.19% at cg03732535 [95% CI: (0.11%, 0.28)], and 1.08% at cg02954987 [95% CI: (0.65%, 1.51%)]. Higher cord blood methylation of these sites was associated with lower midchildhood nonverbal cognitive scores. Our results did not replicate in the Generation R Study.ConclusionsOur discovery results must be interpreted with caution, given that they were not replicated in a separate cohort. However, living close to major roadways at birth was associated with cord blood methylation of sites in LAMB2-a gene known to be linked to axonal development-in our U.S. cohort. Higher methylation of these sites associated with lower nonverbal cognitive scores at age 7-11 y in the same children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2034
Effect of β-alanine supplementation on 20 km cycling time trial performance
The effects of β-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and capacity have been evaluated, although the effects on longer duration cycling performance are unclear. Nineteen UK category 1 male cyclists completed four 20 km cycling time trials, two before and two after supplementation with either 6.4 gâ˘d -1 β-alanine (n = 10; BA) or a matched placebo (n = 9; P). Performance time for the 20 km time trial and 1 km split times were recorded. There was no significant effect of β-alanine supplementation on 20 km time trial performance (BA-pre 1943 Âą 129 s; BA-post 1950 Âą 147 s; P-pre 1989 Âą 106 s; P-post 1986 Âą 115 s) or on the performance of each 1 km split. The effect of β-alanine on 20 km time trial performance was deemed unclear as determined by magnitude based inferences. Supplementation with 6.4 gâ˘d -1 of β-alanine for 4 weeks did not affect 20 km cycling time trial performance in well trained male cyclists
Gender and sustainable livelihoods: linking gendered experiences of environment, community and self
In this essay I explore the economic, social,
environmental and cultural changes taking place in Bolsena,
Italy, where agricultural livelihoods have rapidly
diminished in the last two decades. I examine how gender
dynamics have shifted with the changing values and
livelihoods of Bolsena through three womenâs narratives
detailing their gendered experiences of environment,
community and self. I reflect on these changes with Sabrina,
who is engaged in a feminist community-based
organization; Anna, who is running an alternative wine bar;
and Isabella, a jeweler, who is engaged in ecofeminist
practices. My analysis is based on concepts developed by
feminist political ecology: specifically, the theory of rooted
networks from Dianne Rocheleau, Donna Harawayâs concept
of naturecultures (and the work of J. K. Gibson-Graham
on new economic imaginaries emerging from the
politics of place. I aim to think with, reflect upon and
provoke from the ââotherwiseââ, taking into account the
lived relations entwining nature and gender. My article
looks at the interconnections of gender, environment and
livelihoods, attentive to the daily needs, embodied interactions
and labours of these three women as part of a
reappropriation, reconstruction and reinvention of Bolsenaâs
lifeworld. By listening to the stories of their everyday
lives and struggles, I show the dynamic potential of the
politics of place and the efforts to build diverse economies
and more ethical economic and ecological relationships
based on gender-aware subjectivities and values
Epidemiology of Subpatent Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: Implications for Detection of Hotspots with Imperfect Diagnostics.
At the local level, malaria transmission clusters in hotspots, which may be a group of households that experience higher than average exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Active case detection often relying on rapid diagnostic tests for mass screen and treat campaigns has been proposed as a method to detect and treat individuals in hotspots. Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in north-western Tanzania were used to examine the spatial distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and the relationship between household exposure and parasite density. Dried blood spots were collected from consenting individuals from four villages during a survey conducted in 2010. These were analysed by PCR for the presence of P. falciparum, with the parasite density of positive samples being estimated by quantitative PCR. Household exposure was estimated using the distance-weighted PCR prevalence of infection. Parasite density simulations were used to estimate the proportion of infections that would be treated using a screen and treat approach with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) compared to targeted mass drug administration (tMDA) and Mass Drug Administration (MDA). Polymerase chain reaction PCR analysis revealed that of the 3,057 blood samples analysed, 1,078 were positive. Mean distance-weighted PCR prevalence per household was 34.5%. Parasite density was negatively associated with transmission intensity with the odds of an infection being subpatent increasing with household exposure (OR 1.09 per 1% increase in exposure). Parasite density was also related to age, being highest in children five to ten years old and lowest in those >â40 years. Simulations of different tMDA strategies showed that treating all individuals in households where RDT prevalence was above 20% increased the number of infections that would have been treated from 43 to 55%. However, even with this strategy, 45% of infections remained untreated. The negative relationship between household exposure and parasite density suggests that DNA-based detection of parasites is needed to provide adequate sensitivity in hotspots. Targeting MDA only to households with RDT-positive individuals may allow a larger fraction of infections to be treated. These results suggest that community-wide MDA, instead of screen and treat strategies, may be needed to successfully treat the asymptomatic, subpatent parasite reservoir and reduce transmission in similar settings
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