They had no key that would fit my mouth : women\u27s struggles with cultural constructions of madness in Victorian and modern England and America.

Since Elaine Showalter’s publication of The Female Malady in 1985, various scholars have addressed the association between women and mental illness in Victorian and Modern culture. However, little attention has been devoted to how this association impacted the lives of actual women. In this dissertation, I analyze how the gendered construction of mental illness affected the lives of individual women living in Victorian and Modern England and America. My study reveals that the cultural association between women and madness made women vulnerable to unwarranted institutionalization. Women who rebelled against social conventions were particularly at risk, and the public was aware of this risk. In addition to analyzing how the public responded to the threat of unnecessary incarceration, I also analyze how women responded to incarceration themselves. Moreover, I explore how some women who experienced mental illness responded to the treatment they received. I lay the foundation for the dissertation by exposing how the association between women and madness in Victorian and Modern England and America was both reflected in and perpetuated by theories and categories of mental illness and the visual art of the Pre-Raphaelites. I then illustrate how this gendered construction of madness hastened the institutionalization of rebellious women in America by examining nineteenth-century asylum narratives and the case of Mary Lincoln. British women were also vulnerable to institutionalization for the same reasons, as an inspection of the nineteenth-century lunacy panics and the literature that arose from those panics suggest. An analysis of The Women in White (1860) and Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) reveals that some people were alarmed by the institutionalization of women, while others interpreted it as a necessary means of social control. Finally, I consider how Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Virginia Woolf, both of whom suffered from mental illness, responded to the treatment they received from doctors and the public. This study ultimately reveals that some women actively protested the diagnoses and treatments they received

Turkey :neutral or ally?

The signing of the Treaty of Mutual Assistance on 19 October 1939 between the governments of Great Britain, France and Turkey was the culmination of a very complicated series of events and diplomatic negotiations. The founding of the Turkish Republic and the rapid development of a unique national culture, the rise of both Fascism and Communism and the development of a fierce rivalry between the European Powers, particularly Britain and Germany, all contributed to forming the context out of which the new Republic attempted to find her place in the sun. Turkey found herself the center of all these forces because of her position as guardian of the Straits, which afforded her the remarkable opportunity to pursue a unique diplomatic program. Because the nations of Europe wished for some say in the passage of shipping though the Dardanelles, Turkey used this as bait to play one power against another thereby preserving the economic and technical rewards which were offered by the powers as a means of gaining Turkish friendship. Although the Turkish leaders showed remarkable political and diplomatic acumen in their foreign policy a number of factors complicated the negotiations with the British and the French. Italy, because of her designs in the eastern Mediterranean became a serious threat to the Turkish Republic. The Soviet Union joined with Germany drastically altering the balance of power while certain Balkan states disapproved of the Turkish association with the British and French, and France prevented a rapid completion of a tripartite alliance because of difficulties which arose between herself and Turkey over her control over the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Of particular importance to the research of this thesis were the Documents on British Foreign Policy and the Documents on German Foreign policy. Diaries and personal memoirs rounded out the picture. Much of the information also came from the New York Times and a number of other newspapers and magazines. The study revealed a number of important features of both German and British foreign policy in the Middle East and Europe. It further reflected the political and diplomatic dexterity of the Turkish leaders who, under enormous pressures from all sides, were successful in pursuing their own policy despite the overwhelming resources of the Great Powers, thereby preserving the sovereignty and integrity of their nation. Turkey aligned formally with Britain and France but in reality continued to pursue a policy of neutrality which was the best means by which the Turkish desire for complete independence could be met

Holiday Pops

Program listing performers and works performe

Clemson University Retrieval of Explants Program and Registry in Orthopaedics (CU-REPRO)

The Clemson University Retrieval of Explants Program and Registry in Orthopaedics (CU-REPRO) is a student-led creative inquiry program created in 2008. CU-REPRO is a working repository of more than 500 explanted joint replacements collected from cooperative partnerships with 11 hospitals in South Carolina. This program provides an exciting opportunity for students to work with orthopedic surgical teams to collect and process explanted medical devices. This program allows students to explore clinical problems associated with surgical and patient variables, and develop the tools and techniques for systematic evaluation of implant designs, biomaterials, and function. It is one of only a few implant retrieval programs in the country and distinguishes itself by incorporating undergraduate education, biomaterials research and community outreach in its mission. This year, CU-REPRO began research into hip replacements to determine reasons why a subset of explanted femoral stems were received with mid-stem fractures. Review of clinical records revealed that some stems were cut during revision surgery to aid removal while others endured fatigue fractures while in the patients. This semester, the engineering significance of this finding will be explored, as related to loading conditions, stem size and material. The goal is to publish these findings in a suitable orthopaedics journal and make a meaningful scientific contribution. The REPRO team would like to thank the Clemson University Creative Inquiry program for the opportunity to continue to build the growing registry and to expand the program to include research projects

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of germ cell tumours at relapse

Differentiation of active disease from fibrosis/mature teratoma in patients with residual masses or identifying of sites of recurrence in patients with raised markers following treatment of their testicular cancer remains a problem.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has the potential to identify active disease and thereby influence further management in these patients. We performed a retrospective study of the use of FDG-PET in detecting residual/recurrent testicular carcinoma in 55 patients (seventy FDG-PET scans). Forty-seven scans were for the assessment of residual masses (18 had raised markers) and 23 scans were for the investigation of raised markers in the presence of normal CT scans. True positive results were based on positive histology or clinical follow-up. FDG-PET had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90% in patients with residual masses. This PPV was equivalent to that of markers (94%) but FDG-PET had the advantage of identifying the site of that recurrence. The NPV was higher than that of markers. In patients with raised markers alone the PPV of FDG-PET was 92% but the NPV was only 50%. However, subsequent FDG-PET imaging was frequently the first imaging modality to identify the site of disease. FDG-PET effected a management change in 57% of cases. FDG-PET scanning detected viable tumour in residual masses and identified sites of disease in suspected recurrence. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

Large Scale Composite Manufacturing for Heavy Lift Launch Vehicles

Risk reduction for the large scale composite manufacturing is an important goal to produce light weight components for heavy lift launch vehicles. NASA and an industry team successfully employed a building block approach using low-cost Automated Tape Layup (ATL) of autoclave and Out-of-Autoclave (OoA) prepregs. Several large, curved sandwich panels were fabricated at HITCO Carbon Composites. The aluminum honeycomb core sandwich panels are segments of a 1/16th arc from a 10 meter cylindrical barrel. Lessons learned highlight the manufacturing challenges required to produce light weight composite structures such as fairings for heavy lift launch vehicles

Livestock Protection Tools for California Ranchers

Conflicts between livestock and predators are perhaps inevitable, especially on extensively managed rangelands This publication helps producers evaluate livestock lethal and non-lethal protection tools that may fit their site-specific needs

Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines: Results and recommendations from the MELD exception study group and conference (MESSAGE) for the approval of patients who need liver transplantation with diseases not considered by the standard MELD formula

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55914/1/20979_ftp.pd

Entrevista sobre Licitações na América Latina com a especialista em compras públicas do BID, Leslie Harper

Na décima oitava entrevista exclusiva para a Comunidade de Prática de Compras Públicas da Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap), a especialista em compras públicas do BID, Leslie Harper, falou sobre Licitações na América Latina. As perguntas foram elaboradas pelos professores Paulo Bernardes Honorio de Mendonça, Arthur Luis Pinho de Lima e pela especialista do BID, Ana Lucia Dezolt.3 páginasLogística e Compras Pública

Haptoglobin Phenotype, Preeclampsia Risk and the Efficacy of Vitamin C and E Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia in a Racially Diverse Population

Haptoglobin's (Hp) antioxidant and pro-angiogenic properties differ between the 1-1, 2-1, and 2-2 phenotypes. Hp phenotype affects cardiovascular disease risk and treatment response to antioxidant vitamins in some non-pregnant populations. We previously demonstrated that preeclampsia risk was doubled in white Hp 2-1 women, compared to Hp 1-1 women. Our objectives were to determine whether we could reproduce this finding in a larger cohort, and to determine whether Hp phenotype influences lack of efficacy of antioxidant vitamins in preventing preeclampsia and serious complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH). This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in which 10,154 low-risk women received daily vitamin C and E, or placebo, from 9-16 weeks gestation until delivery. Hp phenotype was determined in the study prediction cohort (n = 2,393) and a case-control cohort (703 cases, 1,406 controls). The primary outcome was severe PAH, or mild or severe PAH with elevated liver enzymes, elevated serum creatinine, thrombocytopenia, eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, medically indicated preterm birth or perinatal death. Preeclampsia was a secondary outcome. Odds ratios were estimated by logistic regression. Sampling weights were used to reduce bias from an overrepresentation of women with preeclampsia or the primary outcome. There was no relationship between Hp phenotype and the primary outcome or preeclampsia in Hispanic, white/other or black women. Vitamin supplementation did not reduce the risk of the primary outcome or preeclampsia in women of any phenotype. Supplementation increased preeclampsia risk (odds ratio 3.30; 95% confidence interval 1.61-6.82, p<0.01) in Hispanic Hp 2-2 women. Hp phenotype does not influence preeclampsia risk, or identify a subset of women who may benefit from vitamin C and E supplementation to prevent preeclampsia