Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Hyperproliferation in a Colonial Hydroid

Colonies of Podocoryna carnea circulate gastrovascular fluid among polyps via tubelike stolons. At polyp-stolon junctions, mitochondrion-rich cells in part regulate this gastrovascular flow. During competition, colonies hyperproliferate nematocytes and stolons; nematocysts are discharged until one colony is killed. Hyperproliferation then ceases, and normal growth resumes. Here, competing colonies were treated with azide, which inhibits respiration and upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS). After the cessation of competition, azide-treated colonies continued to hyperproliferate. In azide-treated competing colonies, however, mitochondrion-rich cells were found to produce similar amounts of ROS as those in untreated competing colonies. Subsequent experiments showed that both azide treatment and competition diminished the lumen widths at polyp-stolon junctions, where mitochondrion-rich cells are found. In competing colonies, these diminished widths may also diminish the metabolic demand on these cells, causing mitochondria to enter the resting state and emit more ROS. Indeed, results with two fluorescent probes show that mitochondrion- rich cells in competing colonies produce more ROS than those in noncompeting colonies. In sum, these results suggest that competition perturbs the usual activity of mitochondrion- rich cells, altering their redox state and increasing ROS formation. Via uncharacterized pathways, these ROS may contribute to hyperproliferation

The intramolecular, stereoselective addition of sulfoximine carbanions to electron deficient alkenes

Abstract only availableChiral Benzothiazine play important roles in synthetic organic chemistry since they can be used in the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds. We have studied the synthesis of these species using the intramolecular, stereo selective addition of sulfoximine carbanions to general electron deficient alkenes. Details on the synthesis of starting material and cyclization reaction will be presented.Stevens' Chemistry Progra

Hierarchical hybrid cognitive cards methodology in the decision support system development for scientific and medical centers

In this article, the authors of the ongoing study appeal to the problem of IT products development and implementation for improving the effectiveness of health institutions and organizations, namely decision support systems and expert systems. The article provides a brief description of existing approaches and justifies a methodology based on the concept of hierarchical hybrid cognitive maps, developed by the authors at the moment

О возможности синтеза ультрадисперсного нитрида алюминия плазмодинамическим методом

This paper presents the results on plasma dynamic synthesis of ultrafine aluminum nitride in system based on coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator. The synthesized product without additional preparation was studied by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy methods. It was found that the synthesized product has almost 50 mass percent of the necessary phase. The most of particles have hexagonal structure with average sizes equal to 100-150 nm, which were attributed to the phase of hexagonal AlN

Diboryldiborenes: pi-conjugated B4 chains isoelectronic to the butadiene dication

sp2–sp3 diborane species based on bis(catecholato)diboron and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are subjected to catechol/bromide exchange selectively at the sp3 boron atom. The reduction of the resulting 1,1-dibromodiborane adducts led to reductive coupling and isolation of doubly NHC-stabilized 1,2-diboryldiborenes. These compounds are the first examples of molecules exhibiting pi-electron delocalization over an all-boron chain

Thiophosphoramide‐Based Cooperative Catalysts for Brønsted Acid Promoted Ionic Diels–Alder Reactions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102243/1/anie_201307133_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102243/2/13424_ftp.pd

Dimerization of functional pyrroloindolizines for the synthesis of complex myrmicarin alkaloids

The union of functionalized pyrroloindolizines for the synthesis of heterodimeric products relevant to myrmicarin alkaloids is described. Design and synthesis of tricyclic substrates and new methods for their union enable the investigation of late-stage cyclopentannulation strategies. The rapid assembly of dimeric structures using unique modes of pyrroloindolizine reactivity presents a concise approach to the dimeric myrmicarins and relevant derivatives.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH-NIGMS (GM074825))Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Research Fellowship)Henry & Camille Dreyfus Foundation (Teacher-Scholar)Novartis (Firm) (Graduate Fellowship