Group Decision Making in Conditions of Uncertainty using Fermat’s Weak Fuzzy Graphs and Beal’s Weak Fuzzy Graphs

Decision making is a process of solving problems for choosing the best alternative. The best way to illustrate the alternatives and relation between them is a graph. Developing a fuzzy graph is the convenient way of illutration if there is uncertainty in alternatives or in their relation. In group decision making problems, according to a group of experts, the relation between alternatives involves measure of preference and non preference. Intuitionistic fuzzy graph has limitations to model such problems. In n- Pythagorean fuzzy graphs the hesitancy degree and other decision tools are restricted to second degree.To overcome the flaws of intuitionistic fuzzy graphs and n- Pythagorean fuzzy graphs, we introduced Fermat’s Fuzzy Graphs in 2022. In this  paper the decision tools are generalized for Fermat’s Fuzzy Graphs. A practical example of selection of investement scheme is illustrated. Finally, Beal’s Fuzzy graphs is developed as generalization of Fermat’s Fuzzy Graphs

Management of Pediatric Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious complication of malignancies and can result in renal failure or death. Review: In tumors with a high proliferative rate with a relatively large mass and a high sensitivity to cytotoxic agents, the initiation of therapy often results in the rapid release of intracellular anions, cations and the metabolic products of proteins and nucleic acids into the bloodstream. The increased concentrations of uric acid, phosphates, potassium and urea can overwhelm the body’s homeostatic mechanisms to process and excrete these materials and result in the clinical spectrum associated with TLS. Typical clinical sequelae include gastrointestinal disturbances, neuromuscular effects, cardiovascular complications, acute renal failure and death. Tumor lysis syndrome can also compromise the efficacy or administration of curative therapies. Available evidence suggests that the incidence of clinical TLS is approximately 3–7% for acute leukemias and 4–11% for lymphomas. Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of death by disease in children. The most common pediatric cancers include the leukemias, lymphomas, central nervous system tumors and neuroblastoma. Thus, TLS is a major concern to practitioners caring for pediatric oncology patients. Given the complexity of TLS prevention and treatment, a multidisciplinary approach involving the collaboration of medical oncologists/ hematologists and nephrologists has the greatest potential of ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Rehydration is fundamental in the management of TLS in addition to the current standard therapy for hyperuricemia which include rasburicase and allopurinol. Conclusion: The early recognition and treatment of metabolic abnormalities often prevents the severe and life-threatening complications associated with tumor lysis syndrome.Keyswords: Acute Renal Failure; Burkitt’s Lymphoma; Hematologic Malignancies; Hydration; Tumor Lysis Syndrom

LA MALADIE DE WILLEBRAND

Van Willebrand disease is the most frequent congenital bleeding tendency (1%) and is due to quantitative (types 1 and 3) or qualitative (type 2) defects of vonWillebrand factor (VWF). Due to the large heterogeneity of VWF defects and to the external variables influencingVWF levels in the circulation,VWD diagnosis can be difficult, especially in relatively mild forms. The moderate form is the most common (around 80%). It must consistently be investigated prior to any surgery because of a real risk of bleeding during or after the procedure. Once the diagnosis is made, the indication of DDAVP has to be examined in order to make the best therapeutic choice in case of surgery or severe bleeding.La maladie de Willebrand est la plus fréquente des affections hémorragiques constitutionnelles, puisqu'elle atteint 1 à 2% de la population. Elle est définie par un déficit quantitatif et/ou qualitatif en facteur Willebrand, protéine impliquée dans l'hémostase primaire, mais aussi indirectement dans la coagulation. La maladie de Willebrand est transmise sur le mode autosomal, atteignant aussi bien les hommes que les femmes, et le plus souvent dominant. Il existe une grande variété de formes cliniques, allant des formes graves aux formes frustes voire asymptomatiques. Le diagnostic repose sur les résultats des examens d'hémostase. Un bilan initial permet le plus souvent d'orienter le diagnostic et doit, au moindre doute, s'accompagner d'examens plus spécialisés. Une fois le diagnostic établi et confirmé, la caractérisation du type de maladie de Willebrand est primordiale puisqu'elle détermine la conduite thérapeutique

Entretien des cathéters à chambres implantables

Le cathéter à chambre implantable (CCI) est un dispositif sous cutané relié à une voie centrale par l’intermédiaire d’un cathéter. La ponction de ce dispositif sous cutané permet ainsi un accès direct à la voie centrale. Une fois mise en place, le CCI peut être portée pendant des années permettant ainsi des utilisations multiples. Les CCI, utilisés depuis une vingtaine d’années, se sont avérés indispensables dans la prise en charge des patients nécessitant des traitements répétés et de longue durée. En effet, ils peuvent être utilisés pour des prélèvements sanguins, des perfusions, des transfusions et l’administration de médicaments. Ce dispositif a l’avantage de préserver le capital veineux du patient et d’assurer un confort pour le malade et pour le personnel médical. Cependant, l’utilisation de ce dispositif doit se faire avec le maximum de précautions afin de prévenir d’éventuelles complications. Ceci sous entend une maîtrise des techniques de manipulation des CCI et une connaissance parfaite des incidents et accidents possibles et de leur prise en charge. Nous allons d’abord traiter la technique de ponction des CCI et aborder par la suite les complications les plus fréquentes et leur prise en charge

Évaluation de la productivité de la pomme de terre (Solanum Tuberosum L.), sous l'effet de l'irrigation avec une eau traitée magnétiquement dans la région de Chaouia (Maroc)

The literature reports that there are some beneficial effects of irrigation water treatment by a static magnetic field. Magnetic field improved the production and the growth characteristics of the plants and make water less limiting to production conditions. To quantify the effect of the application of this new technology on crop production in Moroccan production conditions, an experiment was conducted in situ on a farm situated in the region of Chaouia-Ouardigha. A randomized complete design, with three replicates, was used in the experiment for each treatment of irrigation water (magnetized and ordinary). Potatoes plants (Solanum tuberosum L.),were controlled through regular measurements of growth and production parameters. Magnetic treatments of irrigation water gave the best results. We noted a significantly increase in plant height; branch number; fresh weight of aerial part; dry matter and root fresh weight in the order of 13,9%; 50%; 110%; 91,6% and 40,1%, respectively and an increase in the yield of 35,7%. Finally, we emphasized that the technique of magnetic field in agricultural fields could be a promising technique for agricultural production improvement but extensive research is still required. Key words: Magnetic technology, irrigation water, magnetic field, potatoLes rapports de la littérature révèlent que le traitement physique de l’eau par un champ magnétique statique montre des effets bénéfiques sur la productivité de l’eau ainsi que sur les paramètres de croissance des plantes, rendant ainsi l’eau un facteur moins limitant pour la production. En vue de quantifier l’effet de l’application de cette nouvelle technologie sur la production végétale dans les conditions de production marocaines, une expérimentation a été conduite au champ dans la région de Chaouia-Ouardigha. Le dispositif expérimental est complètement aléatoire avec 3 répétitions pour chaque traitement de l’eau d’irrigation (magnétique et normale). Les plantes de pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) étaient suivies à travers les mesures des paramètres de croissance végétale et de production. Les meilleurs résultats sont enregistrés pour le traitement magnétique de l’eau d’irrigation, à savoir: une augmentation hautement significative de la hauteur; le nombre de branches principales; la masse aérienne; la matière sèche et la masse racinaire, de l’ordre de 13,9%; 50%; 110%; 91,6% et 40,1%, respectivement et une augmentation du rendement de 35,7%. Finalement, L’utilisation du traitement magnétique de l’eau dans le domaine agricole peut être une technique prometteuse, dont la connaissance demande à être approfondie. Mots clés: Technologie magnétique, eau d’irrigation, champ magnétique, pomme de terre &nbsp

Évaluation de la productivité du chou pommé (Brassica oleracea), sous l'effet de l'irrigation avec une eau traitée magnétiquement, dans la région de Casablanca (Maroc)

Treatment of water by a static magnetic field showed positive effects such as stimulation of growth and the improvement of the production of plants, while respecting the environment. To quantify the effect of the application of this technology on crop production in Moroccan production conditions, an field experiment was conducted during 2 years (2012-2013) on a farm located in the Chaouia-Ouardigh region. Cabbage plants (Brassica Oleracea), irrigated by magnetically treated water were monitored through measurement of growth and production parameters (height, circumference, weight and yield). Analysis of the results showed a persistent and highly significant improvement through an increase in height in the order of 27.3% and 26.1%, an increase in the circumference of 22.7% and 19.3%, a gain in weight of 27.9% and 24.3% and an increase in yield of 28.9% and 22.9% respectively for the two seasons. This affordable technology opens the way for specific treatments using the electromagnetic properties of the water. Keywords: Magnetic technology, Irrigation water, Magnetic field, Cabbage.Le traitement de l’eau par un champ magnétique statique a montré des effets positifs comme la stimulation de la croissance et l’amélioration de la production des plantes, tout en respectant l’environnement. En vue de quantifier l’effet de l’application de cette technologie sur la production végétale dans les conditions de production marocaines, une expérimentation a été conduite au champ, pendant 2 campagnes (2012 et 2013) dans une exploitation située dans la région de Chaouia-Ouardigha. Les plantes du chou (Brassica Oleracea), irriguées par une eau traitée magnétiquement, étaient suivies à travers les mesures des paramètres de croissance végétale et de production (hauteur, circonférence, poids et rendement). L’analyse des résultats montre une amélioration persistante et hautement significative à travers une augmentation de la croissance en hauteur de l’ordre de 27,3% et 26,1%, une augmentation de la circonférence de la pomme de 22,7% et 19,3%, un gain en poids de 27,9% et 24,3% et une augmentation du rendement de 28,9% et 22,9% respectivement pour les deux campagnes. Cette technologie abordable ouvre la voie à des traitements spécifiques utilisant les propriétés électromagnétiques de l’eau. Mots-clés: Technologie magnétique, Eau d’irrigation, Champ magnétique, Chou.   &nbsp

The use of financial management practices by small, medium and micro enterprises: a perspective from South Africa

This paper reports on an investigation of financial management practices used by small, medium-sized and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. It was found that more than half the SMMEs examined use external accounting staff to prepare accounting reports and more than 60% rely on external accounting staff to interpret and use accounting information. A majority of the SMME owners were found to lack interpretation skills and an awareness of how to use information from financial statements. An implication of this study therefore is that policy makers, business support organizations, banks and academic institutions need to focus on educating SMMEs more effectively in financial management, thereby mitigating the risk of cash flow problems and business failure

Peran Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kelurahan Sri Meranti Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru Dalam Musayawarah Pembangunan Kelurahan

The Village Community Empowerment Institution participates in the implementation of village development based on the interests of the community and assists the village head in achieving village development activities. The Village Community Empowerment Institute conducts deliberations by accommodating community proposals in the development activity plan in the Village development plan deliberation. This study aims to determine the inhibiting factors for the role of the Merainti Village Community Empowerment Institution, Rumbai District, Pekanbaru City in the Village Development Deliberation. The research method used is the research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The discussion of deliberation activities has not been followed by all Village Community Empowerment Institutions and the proposed development plan has not been based on proposals from the community as a whole so that the development plan is not on target according to the needs of Village development. In conclusion, the Village Community Empowerment Institution has not accommodated community proposals in development, because LPM has not submitted directly to the community and recorded development decisions based on community proposals so that the discussion of Village development plans has not been fully based on community proposals. Researchers suggest that BPP Desa is active in village development deliberation, goes directly to the community in collecting data on development proposals from the community, and cooperates with the community so that the proposed development plan is right on target