Biodiversity and ecosystem services on the African continent – What is changing, and what are our options?

International audienceThroughout the world, biodiversity and nature's contributions to people are under threat, with clear changes evident. Biodiversity and ecosystem services have particular value in Africa– yet they are negatively impacted by a range of drivers, including land use and climate change. In this communication, we show evidence of changing biodiversity and ecosystem services in Africa, as well as the current most significant drivers of change. We then consider five plausible futures for the African continent, each underlain by differing assumptions. In three out of the five futures under consideration, negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services are likely to persist. Those two plausible futures prioritizing environment and sustainability, however, are shown as the most likely paths to achieving long term development objectives without compromising the continent's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Such a finding shows clearly that achievement of such objectives cannot be separated from full recognition of the value of such services

Endoscopic trans-canal cartilage tympanoplsty

Roll 674b. SLU vs Tulsa (basketball). Image 17 of 33. (5 January 1961) [PHO 1.674b.1]The Boleslaus Lukaszewski (Father Luke) Photographs contain more than 28,000 images of Saint Louis University people, activities, and events between 1951 and 1970. The photographs were taken by Boleslaus Lukaszewski (Father Luke), a Jesuit priest and member of the University's Philosophy Department faculty

Endoscopic trans-canal cartilage tympanoplsty

Introduction: The Tympanic Membrane (TM) plays an important role in the physiology and the patho-physiology of chronic inflammatory middle ear diseases. The TM perforations significantly impair the quality of life for millions of patients. With the advent of endoscopy, ear surgery has gained new momentum. We discuss in this study the opportunity of using the endoscopy not only as a cheaper alternative to the microscope, but also a superior and more effective tool in managing cases of CSOM (safe type) in certain conditions.Methods: Doing Trans-canal Endoscopic Butterfly or underlay Cartilage Tympanoplsty for 25 patients having a central perforation of any size other than subtotal and total perforations. The graft was taken from the tragal cartilage.Results: Mean operations time was 20 minutes with (23/25) completely healed perforation.Conclusions: Ear Endoscopy is an effective reliable speedy technique and much cheaper alternative to the microscope.Der Erstautor gibt keinen Interessenkonflikt an