The Effect of Antenatal Class Plus Coping Skill Training on the Level of Stress and Childbirth Self-Efficacy

Background: Pregnancy puts mothers in vulnerable conditions that lead to stress. Consequently, a negative impact over the stress influences mother’s and baby’s health. Antenatal class (AC) was aimed to increase knowledge and prepare for childbirth. However, AC focuses on delivering knowledge, whereas the content is lack of psychological preparation such as developing self-efficacy and coping skill in facing childbirth. This study aimed to find the effect of antenatal class plus coping skills training towards a level of stress, and a childbirth self-efficacy. Method: This study was a randomized pre-test post-test control group design over primigravida women in their 24–34 weeks of Deliveredpregnancy. DatabyIngentacollectionto:wasDianconductedSawitriin 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using paired T-test and independentIP:36.80.134T-test,.221andOn:alsoTue,repeated08 AugANOVA2017with16:17:43Benferroni post hoc test. Results: The mean age of participantsCopyright:was24yearsAmerican.TheinterventionScientificof antenatalPublishersclass plus coping skills training had significant influence to decrease the stress level (p = 0 014) between groups. In one hand, it was also enhancing the childbirth self-efficacy but in the other hand it was statistically insignificant with the mean and standard deviation of 2.484 and 12.727 respectively, with a p value of 0.579 between the groups. Conclusion: It is essential for pregnant women to have antenatal classes plus coping skills training. It is also important to screen the pregnant women for stress and the screen protocol could be included in the maternal handbook. Keywords: Coping Skill Training, Childbirth Self-Efficacy, Antenatal Class, Stress Levels

Tingkat stres caregiver terhadap kemampuan merawat orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS)

Pendahuluan:Stres merupakan salah satu masalah psikologis yang dialami seseorang karena adanya tekanan. Tekanan timbul akibat kegagalan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan atau keinginannya. Tekanan yang dirasakan bisa berasal dari dalam diri atau dari luar, salah satu tekanan dari dalam yang menyebabkan stres caregiveradalah merawat ODS. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres dengan kemampuan caregivermerawat ODS yang meliputi kemampuan kognitif dan kemampuan psikomotor. Metode: penelitian kuantitatif non-experimental cross sectional dengan studi korelasi. Jumlah responden (caregiver)sebanyak 110 orang dengan teknik total sampling dari dua kelurahan X (56 caregiver) dan Kelurahan Y (54 caregiver) di Kota Semarang. Caregiverdirekrut berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, hubungan dengan ODS dan lama merawat ODS. Hasil: Usia rata-rata 41-60 tahun 69%; berjenis kelamin perempuan 96,4%; berpendidikan SMA ke bawah 91,9%; caregiverbekerja 87,3%, hubungan dengan ODS sebagai orang tua 65,5% dan lama merawat >10 tahun 40%. Sebanyak 60% caregivermengalami stres, mulai dari stres ringan 11,8%, stres sedang 28,2%, stres parah 10,9% dan stres sangat parah 9.1%. Caregivermengetahui cara merawat ODS 88,2% dan mampu merawat cukup baik 56.4%. Data tingkat stres bersifat ordinal, kemampuan kognitif dan psikomotor bersifat nominal dan ordinal. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi pearson menunjukkan ada hubungan tingkat stres dengan kemampuan kognitif (p-value0.000) dengan koefisien korelasi(r) -0,654, sifat hubungan kuat dan arah hubungan negatif berarti semakin tinggi tingkat stres semakin rendah kemampuan kognitif responden.Ada hubungan tingkat stres dengan kemampuan psikomotor (p-value0.000) dengan koefisien korelasi(r) -0,788, sifat hubungan kuat dan arah hubungan negatif berarti semakin tinggi tingkat stres semakin rendah kemampuan psikomotor responden. Simpulan:CaregiverODS perlu mendapatkan bantuan untuk menurunkan tingkat stres, dan direkomendasikan untuk mendapatkan terapi reduksi stres.

The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSME/S) on Self-Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

diabetes mellitus. Currently, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide is increasing. Various complications will occur if the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is not to be performed correctly. Diabetes Self-Management and Support (DSME/S) is an educational activity that can enhance self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: A quasi-experimental research with pre-post test design using control group was applied to 45 samples which were determined using a proportionate simple random sampling technique. Data of the study were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results of the study showed that the score of DSME/S had a significant impact on self-efficacy score of the client with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to DSME group and control group (p = 0.003). Conclusion: DSME/S intervention has a better effect on self-efficacy score in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to DSME intervention. For further research, it is suggested to examine other variables that can affect self-efficacy such as one's mastery experience, social model, verbal persuasion and physical condition and emotional

Effect of Aquarobic and Weight Training on Cortisol Levels in Obese Women

Exercise is physical stress which potentially causes disruption of homeostasis, especially in sports that is excessively done. Weight Training (LB) and Aquarobic Exercise (LA) can be modulators of handling stress. This research aims at investigating the effect of the difference between LB and LA to physical stress in obese women. The study was conducted in 2014. The method used in this study was randomized experimental pretest-posttest control group design in 36 obese women, aged 45-50 years who were divided into 3 groups, group LB 50% RM, 3 sets, 12 repetition, treatment two times a day for 8 weeks (n = 12), LA 75% HRmax, treatment 2 days for 8 weeks (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). Body Mass Index (BMI) and cortisol levels were measured before and after the treatment. Hypothesis testing was conducted using test (One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis) and the mean difference test (Tukey HSD and Mann Whitney\u27s). The results of BMI is increased in the WT group and is decreased in LA group as compared to control group (p <0.05). The decrease of cortisol level is higher than in LA and LB group and controls (p <0.05). LB and LA affect the physical stress that is characterized by the increase in cortisol levels in obese women. Conclusion: LB is more dominant than LA in increasing physical stress

Efek Pemberian Micronutrient Sprinkle Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Anak Stunting Usia 24 - 48 Bulan Peserta Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Latar belakang: Keadaan stunting berhubungan dengan keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan suplementasi mikronutrien berefek positif pada kedua perkembangan motorik anak usia dibawah 24 bulan. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian sprinkle mikronutrien terhadap perkembangan motorik anak pendek usia 24 – 48 bulan. Metode: Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan subjek sebanyak 63 anak usia 24 – 48 bulan yang pendek. Sebanyak 31 anak sebagai kelompok perlakuan dan 32 anak kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat sprinkle mikronutrien 2 hari sekali selama 2 bulan. Perkembangan motorik kasar dan morotik halus diukur dengan kuesioner deteksi tubuh kembang Denver Tes II sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin, asupan energi, protein, seng, asam folat dan perkembangan sebelum perlakuan. Persentase keterlambatan motorik halus sebelum perlakuan adalah 48,4% pada kelompok perlakuan dan 53,1% pada kelompok kontrol, sedangkan persen keterlambatan motorik kasar adalah 32,3% pada kelompok perlakuan 34,4% pada kelompok kontrol. Setelah intervensi, persentase keterlambatan perkembangan motorik halus signifikan menurun 25,8%, pada kelompok perlakuan dan 34,4% pada kelompok kontrol, sedangkan persentase keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar pada kelompok kontrol signifikan menurun menjadi 12,5%, namun tidak signifikan menurun menjadi 16,1% pada kelompok perlakuan. Variabel diduga sebagai perancu dalam penelitian ini adalah meliputi tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, seng, besi dan asam folat. Tidak ada perbedaan persentase keterlambatan perkembangan motorik halus (p = 0.514) dan motorik kasar (p = 0.571) setelah intervensi dan setelah mengendalikan dengan variabel pengganggu. Simpulan: suplementasi sprinkle micronutrien selama dua bulan tidak mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar pada anak stunting 24 sampai 48 bula

The Impact of Antenatal Coping Skill Training (ACST) Towards Cortisol and IgG Serum Level Among Pregnant Women

Introduction: Stress coping skill is beneficial to make better outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of antenatal coping skill training on Cortisol and IgG levels. Method: This study used a randomized pre-test post-test control group design in which the ages of primigravida (24-34 weeks) in Semarang City Public Health Center were selected randomly. The mothers were randomly assigned to be an experiment group (N=31) and a control group (N=31). There were two pregnant women who dropped out because of giving birth. The experiment group was given the standard antenatal education and antenatal coping skill training while the control group was given the standard antenatal education only. The data collection was conducted in 4 weeks. Cortisol and IgG serum level were taken at the first week before the intervention and fourth week after the intervention. Cortisol and IgG serum level were measured by using ELISA method. The data analysis employed dependent sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was a significant change over Cortisol serum level for the intervention group (p<.01), but not in the control group. However, there was a significant change in the decrease of IgG serum level in the control group (p<.01). Conclusion: Antenatal coping skill training is predominantly effective to reduce Cortisol and enhance IgG serum levels. Thus, it is important for pregnant women to join antenatal psychoeducational training

Peningkatan Performa Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) Menggunakan Metode Emulsifikasi Ultrasonic

Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) diketahui mengandung polifenol yang tinggi berupa asam fenolat, flavonoid, dan glukosinolat yang telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas hipoglikemik. Studi menunjukkan bahwa 40% senyawa alami memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dalam air, yang memengaruhi bioavailabilitas senyawa alami dalam tubuh. Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) merupakan sistem penghantaran obat yang dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja formulasi SNEDDS ekstrak daun kelor. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 tahap yaitu preparasi ekstrak, preparasi SNEDDS, dan karakterisasi nanoemulsi. SNEDDS dibuat menggunakan metode emulsifikasi ultrasonik. Bahan formulasi SNEDDS adalah asam oleat: Tween 20: polietilen glikol (PEG) 400 dengan perbandingan 1:8:1. Ada tiga konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor berbeda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 75 mg, 100 mg, dan 125 mg per 3 ml dalam formula dasar SNEDDS. Formula dihomogenkan menggunakan hotplate magnetic stirrer pada suhu 400C selama 30 menit, kemudian disonikasi selama 15 menit pada suhu 400C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran partikel pada konsentrasi 75 mg, 100 mg dan 125 mg adalah 14,40 nm, 22,99 nm dan 86,48 nm dengan polidispersitas (Pdi) masing-masing 0,41; 0,67; 0,20. Meskipun konsentrasi 125 mg memiliki rata-rata ukuran partikel terbesar yaitu 86,48 nm, namun memiliki konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor tertinggi, Pdi terbaik dan zeta potensial -32,6 mV. Formula SNEDDS ekstrak daun kelor terbaik terdapat pada dosis 125 mg/3ml telah memenuhi parameter nanoemulsi yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai terapi komplementer dari bahan alam

The effect of red pomegranate provision on malondialdehyde and blood lactic acid level in rats with maximum physical activity

The primary objective of this research was to examine the effect of provision of red pomegranate juice on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood lactic acid in Wistar rats with maximum physical activity. The study employed a true experiment design. The pretest-posttest with control group design was done on 35 rats given maximum physical activity and treatment for 28 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the control group, group with treatment of multivitamin, group with treatment of red pomegranate 2 ml, 4 ml, and 6 ml. The MDA level was measured by TBARS method and lactic acid levels were analysed using ELISA. Comparison statistical analysis was done using paired t-test, while comparison of mean differences between treatment groups were tested using One-way ANOVA, and followed by LSD as the post hoc test. Provision of red pomegranate juice in a variety of doses significantly decreased the levels of MDA and blood lactic acid (p&lt;0.05). The highest MDA level decrease occurred in the group treated with multivitamin (68.02%) and the highest decrease in the levels of blood lactic acid occurred in the group with 6 ml red pomegranate juice (25.94%). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that red pomegranate juice can lower the levels of MDA and blood lactic acid significantly in rats with maximum physical activity

Pemberian tempe menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim superoxide dismutase (SOD) pada tikus dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of tempe giving to the oxidative stress in rats with high physical activities. This research was true experimental post-test only with control group design on 35 rats. The rats were given high physical activities and tempe treatments for 30 days. Those rats were divided into 5 group, which were: control 1 without giving tempe and supplement, control 2 with the giving of the commercial supplement, treatment 1 with giving 0.75 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day, treatment 2 with giving 1.5 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day and treatment 3 with giving 3 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day. At the end of this research, it was done the examination of the plasma MDA level by using TBARS method and activities of SOD enzyme using spectrofometry. The statistical analysis used One-way ANOVA Tests and Post Hoc LSD. The result showed that the tempe giving at various doses was significantly influenced to the reduction of MDA level (p&lt;0.05) and also significantly influenced to the increasing activities of SOD enzyme (p&lt;0.05). The giving of 3 g tempe was the most effective dose to the reduction of MDA level and the increasing activities of SOD enzyme. The conclusion was tempe could decrease the MDA level and increase the activities of SOD enzyme significantly in oxidative stress rats with high physical activities