A Two-Step Approach for 3D-Guided Patient-Specific Corrective Limb Osteotomies

Background: Corrective osteotomy surgery for long bone anomalies can be very challenging since deformation of the bone is often present in three dimensions. We developed a two-step approach for 3D-planned corrective osteotomies which consists of a cutting and reposition guide in combination with a conventional osteosynthesis plate. This study aimed to assess accuracy of the achieved corrections using this two-step technique. Methods: All patients (≥12 years) treated for post-traumatic malunion with a two-step 3D-planned corrective osteotomy within our center in 2021 were prospectively included. Three-dimensional virtual models of the planned outcome and the clinically achieved outcome were obtained and aligned. Postoperative evaluation of the accuracy of performed corrections was assessed by measuring the preoperative and postoperative alignment error in terms of angulation, rotation and translation. Results: A total of 10 patients were included. All corrective osteotomies were performed according to the predetermined surgical plan without any complications. The preoperative deformities ranged from 7.1 to 27.5° in terms of angulation and 5.3 to 26.1° in terms of rotation. The achieved alignment deviated on average 2.1 ± 1.0 and 3.4 ± 1.6 degrees from the planning for the angulation and rotation, respectively. Conclusions: A two-step approach for 3D-guided patient-specific corrective limb osteotomies is reliable, feasible and accurate

A Two-Step Approach for 3D-Guided Patient-Specific Corrective Limb Osteotomies

Background: Corrective osteotomy surgery for long bone anomalies can be very challenging since deformation of the bone is often present in three dimensions. We developed a two-step approach for 3D-planned corrective osteotomies which consists of a cutting and reposition guide in combination with a conventional osteosynthesis plate. This study aimed to assess accuracy of the achieved corrections using this two-step technique.Methods: All patients (≥12 years) treated for post-traumatic malunion with a two-step 3D-planned corrective osteotomy within our center in 2021 were prospectively included. Three-dimensional virtual models of the planned outcome and the clinically achieved outcome were obtained and aligned. Postoperative evaluation of the accuracy of performed corrections was assessed by measuring the preoperative and postoperative alignment error in terms of angulation, rotation and translation.Results: A total of 10 patients were included. All corrective osteotomies were performed according to the predetermined surgical plan without any complications. The preoperative deformities ranged from 7.1 to 27.5° in terms of angulation and 5.3 to 26.1° in terms of rotation. The achieved alignment deviated on average 2.1 ± 1.0 and 3.4 ± 1.6 degrees from the planning for the angulation and rotation, respectively.Conclusions: A two-step approach for 3D-guided patient-specific corrective limb osteotomies is reliable, feasible and accurate.</p

Investigating the impact of captivity and domestication on limb bone cortical morphology: an experimental approach using a wild boar model

The lack of bone morphological markers associated with the human control of wild animals has prevented the documentation of incipient animal domestication in archaeology. Here, we assess whether direct environmental changes (i.e. mobility reduction) could immediately affect ontogenetic changes in long bone structure, providing a skeletal marker of early domestication. We relied on a wild boar experimental model, analysing 24 wild-born specimens raised in captivity from 6 months to 2 years old. The shaft cortical thickness of their humerus was measured using a 3D morphometric mapping approach and compared with 23 free-ranging wild boars and 22 pigs from different breeds, taking into account sex, mass and muscle force differences. In wild boars we found that captivity induced an increase in cortical bone volume and muscle force, and a topographic change of cortical thickness associated with muscular expression along a phenotypic trajectory that differed from the divergence induced by selective breeding. These results provide an experimental proof of concept that changes in locomotor behaviour and selective breeding might be inferred from long bones morphology in the fossil and archaeological record. These trends need to be explored in the archaeological record and further studies are required to explore the developmental changes behind these plastic responses

The mark of captivity: plastic responses in the ankle bone of a wild ungulate (Sus scrofa)

International audienceDeciphering the plastic (non-heritable) changes induced by human control over wild animals in the archaeological record is challenging. We hypothesized that changes in locomotor behaviour in a wild ungulate due to mobility control could be quantified in the bone anatomy. To test this, we experimented with the effect of mobility reduction on the skeleton of wild boar (Sus scrofa), using the calcaneus shape as a possible © 2020 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. phenotypic marker. We first assessed differences in shape variation and covariation in captive-reared and wild-caught wild boars, taking into account differences in sex, body mass, available space for movement and muscle force. This plastic signal was then contrasted with the phenotypic changes induced by selective breeding in domestic pigs. We found that mobility reduction induces a plastic response beyond the shape variation of wild boars in their natural habitat, associated with a reduction in the range of locomotor behaviours and muscle loads. This plastic signal of captivity in the calcaneus shape differs from the main changes induced by selective breeding for larger muscle and earlier development that impacted the pigs' calcaneus shape in a much greater extent than the mobility reduction during the domestication process of their wild ancestors

Identification des marqueurs morphofonctionnels du processus de domestication en archéozoologie : approche tridimensionnelle de la variation endostructurale de la diaphyse humérale et de la forme du calcanéus

The study of domestication can provide us with valuable information both on our history and the development of our societies, but also on the evolution of species and the biological processes that have led to the diversity of living forms today. The domestication process can be synthesized in two stages : the contact between the potential domesticated species and the human ecosystem, then its evolutionary adaptation to life within the human environment over the generations. Thus to study domestication it is necessary for archaeologists to find traces of these two stages in archaeological remains. Although evolutionary adaptation leaves a large number of morphological markers that allow us to study domestication without difficulty once it is properly initiated, the process of the early interactions on the other hand, leaves very few traces. This thesis aims to identify and characterize two markers of early process of domestication : the morphological skeletal consequences of growth in captivity in wild boar (Sus scrofa) on the calcaneus and humerus. These potential markers will be used to develop new methods to detect the early stages of the domestication process in wild boar in an archaeological context. The hypothesis being tested is that a change in the behavior of an individual with reduced mobility can lead to observable and measurable changes in bone morphology. This thesis is based on the DOMEXP ANR experimental domestication project in which wild boars were bred in captivity for two years and scanned throughout their growth to study the impact of captivity on their bone anatomy. Our results show that captivity induces a plastic morphological response for both markers, and the application of these two methods on Neolithic suines showed that the morphology of Western European suines changed during the Neolithic, which could be considered as a consequence of the arrival of a new management system based on increased population control. Moreover, the presence of small specimens evokes the possibility of a commensal trajectory. These results could be complemented by isotopic and genomic approaches in order to provide a more complete picture of this period.L’étude de la domestication peut nous apporter des informations capitales à la fois sur notre histoire et le développement de nos sociétés, mais également sur l’évolution des espèces et les processus biologiques qui ont mené à la diversité des formes vivantes actuelles. On peut synthétiser le processus de domestication en deux étapes : la mise en relation entre la potentielle espèce domestique et l’Homme, puis son adaptation évolutive à la vie avec l’Homme au fil des générations. Ainsi pour étudier la domestication il est nécessaire pour les archéologues de trouver des traces de ces deux étapes dans les restes archéologiques. Bien que l’adaptation évolutive laisse un grand nombre de marqueurs morphologiques qui nous permettent d’étudier sans peine la domestication une fois qu’elle est bien amorcée, la mise en relation en revanche ne laisse que très peu de traces. Cette thèse vise à identifier et caractériser deux marqueurs du contact entre un animal et l’Homme : les conséquences morphologiques osseuses de la croissance en captivité sur le calcanéus et l’humérus chez les ongulés, en prenant comme modèle le sanglier (Sus scrofa). Ces éventuels marqueurs serviront à développer de nouvelles méthodes pour détecter les premières étapes du processus de domestication chez le sanglier en contexte archéologique. L’hypothèse testée est que le changement de comportement d’un individu dont la mobilité est réduite peut laisser une emprunte observable et mesurable dans la morphologie osseuse. Cette thèse fait partie du projet ANR DOMEXP de domestication expérimentale dans laquelle des sangliers ont été élevés en captivité pendant deux ans et scannés tout au long de leur croissance pour étudier l’impact de la captivité sur leur anatomie osseuse. Nos résultats montrent que la captivité induit une réponse morphologique plastique pour les deux marqueurs, et l’application de ces deux méthodes sur des suinés du Néolithique a montré que lamorphologie des suinés d’Europe de l’Ouest a changé au cours du Néolithique, ce qui pourrait être considéré comme la conséquence de l’arrivée d’un nouveau système de gestion basé sur un contrôle accru des populations. De plus la présence de spécimens de petite taille évoque la possibilité d’une trajectoire commensale. Ces résultats pourraient être complétés par des approches isotopiques et génomiques afin de fournir une vision plus complète de cette période

Identification of morphofunctional markers of the domestication process in archaeozoology : a three-dimensional approach to endostructural variation of humeral diaphysis and calcaneus shape

L’étude de la domestication peut nous apporter des informations capitales à la fois sur notre histoire et le développement de nos sociétés, mais également sur l’évolution des espèces et les processus biologiques qui ont mené à la diversité des formes vivantes actuelles. On peut synthétiser le processus de domestication en deux étapes : la mise en relation entre la potentielle espèce domestique et l’Homme, puis son adaptation évolutive à la vie avec l’Homme au fil des générations. Ainsi pour étudier la domestication il est nécessaire pour les archéologues de trouver des traces de ces deux étapes dans les restes archéologiques. Bien que l’adaptation évolutive laisse un grand nombre de marqueurs morphologiques qui nous permettent d’étudier sans peine la domestication une fois qu’elle est bien amorcée, la mise en relation en revanche ne laisse que très peu de traces. Cette thèse vise à identifier et caractériser deux marqueurs du contact entre un animal et l’Homme : les conséquences morphologiques osseuses de la croissance en captivité sur le calcanéus et l’humérus chez les ongulés, en prenant comme modèle le sanglier (Sus scrofa). Ces éventuels marqueurs serviront à développer de nouvelles méthodes pour détecter les premières étapes du processus de domestication chez le sanglier en contexte archéologique. L’hypothèse testée est que le changement de comportement d’un individu dont la mobilité est réduite peut laisser une emprunte observable et mesurable dans la morphologie osseuse. Cette thèse fait partie du projet ANR DOMEXP de domestication expérimentale dans laquelle des sangliers ont été élevés en captivité pendant deux ans et scannés tout au long de leur croissance pour étudier l’impact de la captivité sur leur anatomie osseuse. Nos résultats montrent que la captivité induit une réponse morphologique plastique pour les deux marqueurs, et l’application de ces deux méthodes sur des suinés du Néolithique a montré que lamorphologie des suinés d’Europe de l’Ouest a changé au cours du Néolithique, ce qui pourrait être considéré comme la conséquence de l’arrivée d’un nouveau système de gestion basé sur un contrôle accru des populations. De plus la présence de spécimens de petite taille évoque la possibilité d’une trajectoire commensale. Ces résultats pourraient être complétés par des approches isotopiques et génomiques afin de fournir une vision plus complète de cette période.The study of domestication can provide us with valuable information both on our history and the development of our societies, but also on the evolution of species and the biological processes that have led to the diversity of living forms today. The domestication process can be synthesized in two stages : the contact between the potential domesticated species and the human ecosystem, then its evolutionary adaptation to life within the human environment over the generations. Thus to study domestication it is necessary for archaeologists to find traces of these two stages in archaeological remains. Although evolutionary adaptation leaves a large number of morphological markers that allow us to study domestication without difficulty once it is properly initiated, the process of the early interactions on the other hand, leaves very few traces. This thesis aims to identify and characterize two markers of early process of domestication : the morphological skeletal consequences of growth in captivity in wild boar (Sus scrofa) on the calcaneus and humerus. These potential markers will be used to develop new methods to detect the early stages of the domestication process in wild boar in an archaeological context. The hypothesis being tested is that a change in the behavior of an individual with reduced mobility can lead to observable and measurable changes in bone morphology. This thesis is based on the DOMEXP ANR experimental domestication project in which wild boars were bred in captivity for two years and scanned throughout their growth to study the impact of captivity on their bone anatomy. Our results show that captivity induces a plastic morphological response for both markers, and the application of these two methods on Neolithic suines showed that the morphology of Western European suines changed during the Neolithic, which could be considered as a consequence of the arrival of a new management system based on increased population control. Moreover, the presence of small specimens evokes the possibility of a commensal trajectory. These results could be complemented by isotopic and genomic approaches in order to provide a more complete picture of this period

The effect of captivity on craniomandibular and calcaneal ontogenetic trajectories in wild boar

International audienc

Limb bone virtual anatomy to explore anthropogenic change in Western Europe wild boars (Sus scrofa) during the neolithisation

Identifying the process of animal domestication in the archaeological record with morphological markers remains debatable since the so called domestication syndrome are more likely the results of selective breeding than early phases of animal domestication. Here we will present how captivity during the growth of a wild ungulate can leave observable morphological prints in its bone anatomy using an experimental approach on the wild boar and the latest development in virtual morphology. Then we will compare these plastic response to change in locomotor behavior with those induced by the last 200 years of selective breeding in pigs. Finally, we will compare this norm of reaction in bone anatomy of modern wild and domestic populations with archaeological Sus scrofa from Mesolithic up to Late Neolithic contexts in Western Europe

Limb bone virtual anatomy to explore anthropogenic change in Western Europe wild boars (Sus scrofa) during the neolithisation

Identifying the process of animal domestication in the archaeological record with morphological markers remains debatable since the so called domestication syndrome are more likely the results of selective breeding than early phases of animal domestication. Here we will present how captivity during the growth of a wild ungulate can leave observable morphological prints in its bone anatomy using an experimental approach on the wild boar and the latest development in virtual morphology. Then we will compare these plastic response to change in locomotor behavior with those induced by the last 200 years of selective breeding in pigs. Finally, we will compare this norm of reaction in bone anatomy of modern wild and domestic populations with archaeological Sus scrofa from Mesolithic up to Late Neolithic contexts in Western Europe

Bones geometric morphometrics illustrate 10th millennium cal. BP domestication of autochthonous Cypriot wild boar (Sus scrofa circeus nov. ssp)

International audienceEpipaleolithic hunter-gatherers from the Near East introduced wild boars (Sus scrofa) to Cyprus, with the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlers hunting the wild descendants of these boars. However, the geographic origin of the Cypriot boar and how they were integrated into the earliest forms of pig husbandry remain unsolved.Here, we present data on 11,000 to 9,000 cal. BP Sus scrofa from the PPN sites of Klimonas and Shillourokambos. We compared them to contemporaneous populations from the Near East and to Neolithic and modern populations in Corsica, exploring their origin and evolution using biosystematic signals from molar teeth and heel bones (calcanei), using 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics.We found that the Cypriot PPN lineage of Sus scrofa originates from the Northern Levant. Yet, their phenotypic idiosyncrasy suggest that they evolved into an insular sub-species that we named Sus scrofa circeus, referring to Circe the metamorphosis goddess that changed Ulysses companions into pigs. The phenotypic homogeneity among PPNA Klimonas wild boars and managed populations of PPNB Shillourokambos suggests that local domestication has been undertaken on the endemic S. s. circeus, strengthening the idea that Cyprus was integrated into the core region of animal domestication