Zusammen und getrennt wohnende Paare: Unterschiede in grundlegenden Beziehungsdimensionen

"Diese Untersuchung befasst sich mit der Frage, wie sich zusammen und getrennt wohnende Paare bezüglich grundlegender Beziehungsmerkmale unterscheiden und wie diese Unterschiede zu erklären sind. Als Messverfahren dienten Beziehungsskalen, die Konflikt, Liebe, Altruismus, Investment und Sicherheit erfassen, sowie ein zusätzlicher Erhebungsfragebogen zu den Erfahrungen in der Partnerschaft. Befragt wurden 125 Personen zwischen 20 und 40 Jahren, die zur Zeit der Untersuchung einen romantischen Partner hatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zusammen wohnende Paare sich von getrennt wohnenden durch ein höheres Investment und eine geringere Liebesausprägung unterscheiden. Der Liebeseffekt wurde durch die Annahme interpretiert, dass sich das Zusammenwohnen und Vorhandensein von Kindern negativ darauf auswirkt, wie Partner ihre gemeinsame Zeit miteinander verbringen. Dies wiederum beeinflusst die Liebesausprägung ungünstig. Für die Unterschiede auf der Skala Liebe konnte eine LISREL-Analyse die Interpretation der Ergebnisse unterstützen." (Autorenreferat)"This study is concerned with the differences between couples who live together and apart, respectively, on basic relationship dimensions. In addition, explanations for these differences are examined Measures include relationship scales which tap conflict, love, altruism, investment, and security and an experience questionnaire. 125 persons between 20 and 40 years of age who currently had a romantic partner took part in the study. Results indicate that couples living together express higher investment and less love than couples living apart. The love effect was interpreted by assuming that living together and having children has negative consequences on how partners spend their time together which in turn influences the expressed love negatively. This explanation was supported by a LISREL-analysis." (author's abstract

Citizen-centred design of participatory budgeting : A transnational study in the Baltic Sea Region

Among the success factors of participatory budgeting (PB), Barbera et al. (2016b) discuss responsiveness, in terms of “continuous attention to citizens’ needs” and the capacity to address collective needs. To date, there are diverse PB cases, that follow a managerial, more technocratic (less focused on citizens) logic, whereas others target radical democratic change or good governance improvement (focused on linking citizens with the public administration and enhancing transparency) (Bartocci et al. 2019; Cabannes and Lipietz 2018). This paper aims to identify contingency factors, such as national, local and individual factors that influence the design of PB. Thus, a comparative approach is sought by analysing the needs of citizens in 17 municipalities in six European countries along the Baltic Sea region from originally 20,000 persons via a joint questionnaire. Relying on non-parametric tests, this analysis aims to identify links between citizens’ satisfaction, knowledge and expectations of their own involvement in the PB design and how it should be used from their perspective. The contribution of the paper is a critical rethinking of the respective stages and content of the PB creation processes from the citizens’ point of view by highlighting which contingency factors drive citizens’ views on PB design stages.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Multiplicity Structure of the Hadronic Final State in Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

The multiplicity structure of the hadronic system X produced in deep-inelastic processes at HERA of the type ep -> eXY, where Y is a hadronic system with mass M_Y< 1.6 GeV and where the squared momentum transfer at the pY vertex, t, is limited to |t|<1 GeV^2, is studied as a function of the invariant mass M_X of the system X. Results are presented on multiplicity distributions and multiplicity moments, rapidity spectra and forward-backward correlations in the centre-of-mass system of X. The data are compared to results in e+e- annihilation, fixed-target lepton-nucleon collisions, hadro-produced diffractive final states and to non-diffractive hadron-hadron collisions. The comparison suggests a production mechanism of virtual photon dissociation which involves a mixture of partonic states and a significant gluon content. The data are well described by a model, based on a QCD-Regge analysis of the diffractive structure function, which assumes a large hard gluonic component of the colourless exchange at low Q^2. A model with soft colour interactions is also successful.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J., error in first submission - omitted bibliograph

Differential (2+1) Jet Event Rates and Determination of alpha_s in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Events with a (2+1) jet topology in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA are studied in the kinematic range 200 < Q^2< 10,000 GeV^2. The rate of (2+1) jet events has been determined with the modified JADE jet algorithm as a function of the jet resolution parameter and is compared with the predictions of Monte Carlo models. In addition, the event rate is corrected for both hadronization and detector effects and is compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. A value of the strong coupling constant of alpha_s(M_Z^2)= 0.118+- 0.002 (stat.)^(+0.007)_(-0.008) (syst.)^(+0.007)_(-0.006) (theory) is extracted. The systematic error includes uncertainties in the calorimeter energy calibration, in the description of the data by current Monte Carlo models, and in the knowledge of the parton densities. The theoretical error is dominated by the renormalization scale ambiguity.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Eur. Phys.

Measurements of Transverse Energy Flow in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Measurements of transverse energy flow are presented for neutral current deep-inelastic scattering events produced in positron-proton collisions at HERA. The kinematic range covers squared momentum transfers Q^2 from 3.2 to 2,200 GeV^2, the Bjorken scaling variable x from 8.10^{-5} to 0.11 and the hadronic mass W from 66 to 233 GeV. The transverse energy flow is measured in the hadronic centre of mass frame and is studied as a function of Q^2, x, W and pseudorapidity. A comparison is made with QCD based models. The behaviour of the mean transverse energy in the central pseudorapidity region and an interval corresponding to the photon fragmentation region are analysed as a function of Q^2 and W.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys.

Forward Jet and Particle Production at HERA

Single particles and jets in deeply inelastic scattering at low x are measured with the H1 detector in the region away from the current jet and towards the proton remnant, known as the forward region. Hadronic final state measurements in this region are expected to be particularly sensitive to QCD evolution effects. Jet cross sections are presented as a function of Bjorken- x for forward jets produced with a polar angle to the proton direction, θ jet , in the range 7° < θ jet < 20°. Azimuthal correlations are studied between the forward jet and the scattered lepton. Charged and neutral single particle production in the forward region are measured as a function of Bjorken- x , in the range 5° < θ < 25°, for particle transverse momenta larger than 1 GeV. QCD based Monte Carlo predictions and analytical calculations based on BFKL, CCFM and DGLAP evolution are compared to the data. Predictions based on the DGLAP approach fail to describe the data, except for those which allow for a resolved photon contribution

Diffractive dijet production at HERA

Interactions of the type ep -> eXY are studied, where the component X of the hadronic final state contains two jets and is well separated in rapidity from a leading baryonic system Y. Analyses are performed of both resolved and direct photoproduction and of deep-inelastic scattering with photon virtualities in the range 7.5 5 GeV relative to the photon direction in the rest frame of X. Models based on a factorisable diffractive exchange with a gluon dominated structure, evolved to a scale set by the transverse momentum p^hat_T of the outgoing partons from the hard interaction, give good descriptions of the data. Exclusive qqbar production, as calculated in perturbative QCD using the squared proton gluon density, represents at most a small fraction of the measured cross section. The compatibility of the data with a breaking of diffractive factorisation due to spectator interactions in resolved photoproduction is investigated

Optimizing the implementation of policy measures through social acceptance segmentation

This paper proposes Q-methodology as a technique for the identification of more homogeneous subgroups or ‘segments’ within a rather heterogeneous overall population when it comes to social acceptance of demand-restricting policy measures. Identification of such segments would allow policy makers to better tailor their future actions and thereby increase the chance for a successful implementation of the measures they propose. A set of 33 persons, selected in function of age, gender and car ownership evaluated the acceptability of a total number of 42 demand-restricting policy measures. Special care was taken that the final set of statements covered the four classically distinguished demand-restricting strategies, i.e., improved transport options, incentives for the use of alternative transport modes, parking and land-use management, and institutional policy revision. In addition, a balance between both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ and ‘push’ and ‘pull’ measures was strived for. The results indicate that four different segments in terms of social acceptance of demand-restricting policy measures can be distinguished, i.e., travelers in favor of traffic calming, travelers against hard push measures, travelers in favor of demand restriction, and travelers against policy innovations. Besides the differences and similarities between these segments, the practical implications for policy makers are discussed, together with a series of specific recommendations and suggestions for future research