312 research outputs found
As Thurston says? : On using quotations from famous mathematicians to make points about philosophy and education
© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-020-01154-w.It is commonplace in the educational literature on mathematical practice to argue for a general conclusion from isolated quotations from famous mathematicians. In this paper, we supply a critique of this mode of inference. We review empirical results that show the diversity and instability of mathematiciansâ opinions on mathematical practice. Next, we compare mathematiciansâ diverse and conflicting testimony on the nature and purpose of proof. We lay especial emphasis on the diverse responses mathematicians give to the challenges that digital technologies present to older conceptions of mathematical practice. We examine the career of one much cited and anthologised paper, WP Thurstonâs âOn Proof and Progress in Mathematicsâ (1994). This paper has been multiply anthologised and cited hundreds of times in educational and philosophical argument. We contrast this paper with the views of other, equally distinguished mathematicians whose use of digital technology in mathematics paints a very different picture of mathematical practice. The interesting question is not whether mathematicians disagreeâthey are human so of course they do. The question is how homogenous is their mathematical practice. If there are deep differences in practice between mathematicians, then it makes little sense to use isolated quotations as indicators of how mathematics is uniformly or usually done. The paper ends with reflections on the usefulness of quotations from research mathematicians for mathematical education.Peer reviewe
Place and Destination Branding: A Review and Conceptual Mapping of the Domain
Although there is increasing interest in place and destination branding, the interâdisciplinary nature of the field poses challenges for the development of a coherent knowledge base. With a view to informing both research and practice, this article presents a systematic review combining place and destination branding, identifying and defining its core themes, and developing a conceptual map of the interâplay between them. The following key themes are identified: general, brand identity, image and personality, politics, heritage, communication/media, countryâofâ origin, and designscape and infrastructure. The article concludes with an agenda for further research including the need for research on specific themes across a wider range of place entities
Human-Machine Collaboration in the Teaching of Proof
This paper argues that interactive theorem provers (ITPs) could play an important role in fostering studentsâ appreciation and understanding of proof and of mathematics in general. It shows that the ITP Lean has three features that mitigate existing difficulties in teaching and learning mathematical proof. One is that it requires students to identify a proof strategy at the start. The second is that it gives students instant feedback while allowing them to explore with maximum autonomy. The third is that elementary formal logic finds a natural place in the activity of creating proofs. The challenge in using Lean is that students have to learn its command language, in addition to mathematics course content and elementary logic
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): Development of a safety checklist
AbstractPurposeThe incidence of sudden death appears to be 20 times higher in patients with epilepsy compared with the general population. Epilepsy-related death, particularly sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), is still underestimated by healthcare professionals and this may reflect the mistaken belief that epilepsy is a benign condition. The risk of death associated with epilepsy appeared rarely to have been discussed with patients or their families. It appears the decision to discuss SUDEP and also to peg SUDEP risk is arbitrary and clinical. Unfortunately there is no structured evidenced mechanism at present to represent person centered risk of SUDEP and there is currently no easy manner or template to have this discussion with the family and the patient.MethodsWe conducted a detailed literature review in Medline, Embase and Psychinfo databases to extract the common risk factors as evidenced from literature till date. Research into risk factors has identified a number of risk factors for SUDEP, some of which are potentially modifiable.ResultsBased on the literature review, we believe that the ascertained risk factors could be employed in clinical practice as a checklist to reduce an individual patient's risk of SUDEP. The SUDEP safety checklist may be of practical use in reducing risks in some individuals and is definitely of use in helping communication.ConclusionsAn evidence based checklist identifying the major risk factors can help both clinicians and patients to focus on minimizing certain risk factors and promote safety by focusing on the modifiable factors and guide treatment. It can be a tool to open a person centered discussion with patients and to outline how individual behaviors could impact on risk
German translation, cultural adaptation and testing of the Personâcentred Practice Inventory â Staff (PCPIâS)
From Crossref via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2020-05-26, issued 2020-05-26Brendan McCormack - ORCID 0000-0001-8525-8905
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-8905Aim
The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the PCPIâS into German and to eventually test its psychometric properties in longâterm care settings.Background
Personâcentred practice has been widely adopted internationally as a bestâpractice model in nursing and health care. To ensure a sustainable implementation of this practice and to successively promote it, personâcentred practice should be evaluated on a regular basis. The Personâcentred Practice InventoryâStaff (PCPIâS), which is based on McCormack & McCance's Personâcentred Practice Framework, is a new instrument for this purpose by assessing perceptions of personâcentredness among healthcare staff.Design
A twoâphase research design was used involving the translation and cultural adaption of the PCPIâS from English to German (PCPIâSâG; Phase 1) and a quantitative crossâsectional survey (Phase 2).Methods
Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's α .Results
Phase 1 was conducted using an internationally recommended checklist for translations and cultural adaptations. In Phase 2, the PCPIâSâG was tested in 15 residential care homes in Austria with a sample of 255 staff members. The CFA showed good construct validity and supported the theoretical framework. The internal consistency for the three constructs of the PCPIâS was excellent, revealing Cronbach's α âscores from 0.902â0.941.Funder: Office of the Provincial Government of Lower Austria7pubpub
Controlled generation and steering of spatial gap solitons
We demonstrate the first fully controlled generation of immobile and slow
spatial gap solitons in nonlinear periodic systems with band-gap spectra, and
reveal the key features of gap solitons which distinguish them from
conventional counterparts, including a dynamical transformation of gap solitons
due to nonlinear inter-band coupling. We also predict theoretically and confirm
experimentally the effect of anomalous steering of gap solitons in
optically-induced photonic lattices.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Discrete interband mutual focusing in nonlinear photonic lattices
We study nonlinear coupling of mutually incoherent beams associated with
different Floquet-Bloch waves in a one-dimensional optically-induced photonic
lattice. We demonstrate experimentally how such interactions lead to asymmetric
mutual focusing and, for waves with opposite diffraction properties, to
simultaneous focusing and defocusing as well as discreteness-induced beam
localization and reshaping effects.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. To download the associated .avi movie, go to
http://www.rsphysse.anu.edu.au/~crr124/mut_focus
Searching for help online: An analysis of peer-to-peer posts on a male-only infertility forum.
Menâs experiences of infertility help seeking are under-researched and thus less widely understood than womenâs experiences, with menâs needs for support often missing from reproductive research knowledge. This article presents a thematic analysis of peer-to-peer posts within the context of a UK men-only online infertility forum. The key themes demonstrate that men value male support from those with experience, and that masculinity influences help-seeking requests and menâs accounts more broadly. We highlight the value of such online communities in offering support to men in need while recognising the importance of further research across other online settings in order to inform practice around supporting men in the reproductive realm
Co-Operative Biofilm Interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through Secreted Galactosaminogalactan Exopolysaccharide
The mold Aspergillus fumigatus and bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa form biofilms in the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Biofilm formation by A. fumigatus depends on the self-produced cationic exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG), while P. aeruginosa biofilms can contain the cationic exopolysaccharide Pel. GAG and Pel are rendered cationic by deacetylation mediated by either the secreted deacetylase Agd3 (A. fumigatus) or the periplasmic deacetylase PelA (P. aeruginosa). Given the similarities between these polymers, the potential for biofilm interactions between these organisms were investigated. P. aeruginosa were observed to adhere to A. fumigatus hyphae in a GAG-dependent manner and to GAG-coated coverslips of A. fumigatus biofilms. In biofilm adherence assays, incubation of P. aeruginosa with A. fumigatus culture supernatants containing de-N-acetylated GAG augmented the formation of adherent P. aeruginosa biofilms, increasing protection against killing by the antibiotic colistin. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated incorporation of GAG within P. aeruginosa biofilms, suggesting that GAG can serve as an alternate biofilm exopolysaccharide for this bacterium. In contrast, Pel-containing bacterial culture supernatants only augmented the formation of adherent A. fumigatus biofilms when antifungal inhibitory molecules were removed. This study demonstrates biofilm interaction via exopolysaccharides as a potential mechanism of co-operation between these organisms in chronic lung disease
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