EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF GREEN-SYNTHESIZED MANGANESE OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES WITH CURCUMINANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED NANOFORM

ABSTRACTObjective: Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely attracted researchers due to their potential applications in a variety of fields, especially medicinalimportance. It has been shown that biofunctionalization of metal nanoparticles with the specified bioactive materials produces the significantlyimproved bioactive materials with the essential biological properties and advanced features. According to the reports, manganese oxide nanoparticles(MONPs) possess highly magnetic properties leads to develop for use in research and biomedical applications. In this evaluation, we focused on thesynthesis of MONPs through a green methodology and their antimicrobial activity changes when functionalized with curcuminaniline derived fromturmeric plants.Methods: First, curcumin has been isolated from turmeric plant (BSR-01) to synthesize curcuminaniline biomaterial. On the other hand, manganesenanoparticles are synthesized by the green synthesis method using lemon extract and curcumin. Finally, the synthesized curcuminaniline isfunctionalized with MONPs. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronmicroscope and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained nonfunctionalized and biofunctionalizednanoforms are tested against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains as well as fungal strains.Results: The morphological studies represented that MONPs are of eclipsed and spherical morphology with size about 50±5 nm and biofunctionalizednanoparticles are of spherical morphology with size about 50±10 nm. The antibacterial and antifungal tests revealed that biofunctionalized MONPsare exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: This investigation clearly demonstrated that MONPs are shown significantly higher biocidal activity when biofunctionalized withmodified curcumin material. This may help in the future medicinal and pharmaceutical industries to develop new inventions.Keywords: Green synthesis, Nanoparticles, Curcumin, Curcuminaniline, Soxhlet extraction, Antimicrobial activity

Contents and Interactivity of Academic Library Portals in India

The main aim of this study was to analyze the contents and interactivity of academic library portals in India. The study was confined to a hundred selected academic library websites. A checklist along with a data sheet was used as the tool for data collection and Microsoft Excel was used as the tool for data analysis. The analysis revealed that the websites have an almost identical pattern of contents and interactivity. The majority of the websites used interactive applications. Facebook is the most preferred application followed by Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn. The websites preferred the extreme top right corner of their homepages to provide links to the applications and web objects. This study is useful for developing design standards for library websites and portals

Childbearing desires and experiences of people living with HIV and safer conception in Iringa, Tanzania

Background: Many people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to desire and have children after being diagnosed with HIV. Yet they often lack information on safer conception and face barriers accessing quality reproductive health services. Objectives: The overall objective of this dissertation was to explore childbearing desires and experiences of PLHIV and safer conception in Iringa, Tanzania. Manuscript one examines fertility desires of PLHIV. Manuscript two describes key features of the lived experience of having a child post-HIV diagnosis. Manuscript three explores whether and how international best practices and national childbearing and safer conception guidelines for PLHIV are implemented within HIV care and treatment facilities. Finally, manuscript four examines potential barriers to the adoption of safer conception strategies by HIV-affected couples using an ecological framework. Methods: Data were collected between June and October 2013 in Iringa, Tanzania. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 HIV-infected women, 30 HIV-infected men, and 30 health care providers engaged in delivering HIV-related care. Direct observations were conducted at five health facilities. Results: Social and structural factors influenced fertility desires and childbearing experiences of women and men living with HIV. There are many factors unique to the experience of living with HIV that motivate and militate against PLHIV wanting more children. Significant gaps exist between Tanzania’s national HIV guidelines, recommendations for safer conception, and actual practices by health providers in delivering reproductive health care to PLHIV. There was limited patient-provider communication on childbearing and safer conception. Multiple barriers to safer conception for HIV-affected couples exist that operate at the individual, relational, environmental, structural, and superstructural levels. Conclusions: Integrating HIV and sexual and reproductive health services is critical to addressing the unique challenges encountered by PLHIV as they make decisions about reproduction. Health care providers can play an important role in assisting their HIV-infected patients safely conceive and deliver uninfected children by regularly assessing their fertility desires and providing safer conception counseling for couples. Findings highlight the need for updated national guidance on safer conception counseling for HIV-infected patients and training for health providers to prepare them for delivering high quality preconception counseling and safer conception services for their HIV-infected patients. Multi-level interventions are needed to ensure adoption of safer conception strategies and reduce the risk of HIV transmission between partners within HIV-affected couples

Pengaruh forgiveness terhadap motivasi berprestasi dengan parent attachment sebagai variabel moderator

Tingkat perceraian di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya, faktor utama perceraian pada tahun 2018 adalah perselisihan atau pertengkaran. Dampak dari pertengkaran orang tua akan dirasakan oleh anak-anak mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini pertama untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari forgiveness terhadap motivasi berprestasi pada remaja broken home, kedua untuk mengetahui peran dari parent attachment dalam menjadi variabel moderator forgiveness terhadap motivasi berprestasi pada remaja broken home. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja broken home yang berusia 17 – 25 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik sampling convenience sampling, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, dan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana untuk hipotesis pertama dan MRA untuk hipotesis kedua. Kesimpulan dari data yang telah didapatkan bahwa forgiveness berpengaruh terhadap motivasi berprestasi, dan untuk parent attachment tidak dapat memoderator pengaruh forgiveness terhadap motivasi berprestasi. The divorce rate in Indonesia continues to increase from previous years, the main factor for divorce in 2018 is disputes or quarrels. The impact of parental quarrels will be felt by their children. The purpose of this study is first to determine the effect of forgiveness on achievement motivation in broken home adolescents, second to determine the role of parent attachment in being a moderating variable of forgiveness on achievement motivation in broken home adolescents. The subjects in this study were broken home teenagers aged 17-25 years. This study uses a quantitative research with convenience sampling sampling technique, data collection techniques using a questionnaire, and using simple linear regression for the first hypothesis and MRA for the second hypothesis. The conclusion from the data that has been obtained is that forgiveness has an effect on achievement motivation, and for parent attachment it cannot moderate the effect of forgiveness on achievement motivation

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Studies on ecology, chemical constituents and culture of marine macroalgae of Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep

The Union Territory of Lakshadweep is situated in the Arabian Sea about 200 to 400 km off the Kerala coast. This archipelago consists of 36 islands and five s.ubmerged banks with a total area of 32 sq. km .The islands lie between 08° 00 - 12° 30' N latitude and 71 ° 00 - 74° 00 E longitude. These islands consist of coral formation built on submerged ridge raising steeply from a depth of about 1500 to 4000 m in the Arabian Sea. The Lakshadweep, Maldives and Chagos archipelagos foon an uninterrupted chain of coral atolls and reefs on a submarine bank covering a distance of over 2000 km. Most of these islands have sandy beaches with gentle slope on the lagoon side and on the seaward side there is a steep slope with boulders, coral rocks, living corals and debris. Corals cannot grow very deep in the oceans and what is seen at present depicts millennia of interaction between the submarine bank, tectonic activity and the level of the oceans, particularly during the Pleistocene period (Jones, 1986). Coral reef ecosystems are the most diverse and colourful of any communities with the most complex interrelationship between species. Corals grow where the mean sea temperature is at least 20 °C throughout the year, preferably more than 23 °C. They also need clean sea water and are wlable to grow where rivers dilute the sea or bring in mud. Coral reef communities may be very old and their foonation is a result of persistent accumulation of calcareous deposits over long periods, extending from hundred to thousands of years (Qasim, 1998). Coral reefs are of three types: (I) Barrier reefs along continents (2) Fringing reefs around islands (3) Atolls, broken fringes of reef and islands around a central lagoon. The IndoPaci fic region is particularly rich in corals. The Australian Great Barrier Reef is an intermittent series of reefs stretching over 1900 km along the coast of Queensland. Other coastal reefs lie off East Africa and in the Red Sea. The Pacific and the Indian Oceans have thousands of atolls. In the West Atlantic, coastal reefs extend 200 km. southwards from Yucatan and many Caribbean islands are fringed with coral reefs. The corals are coelenterate polyp animals which extent their tentacles at night to feed on zooplankton washed over the reefs. Their tissues house symbiotic green algae (zooxanthillae). Zooxanthillae and other algae living in or on their calcareous skeleton conduct photosynthesis in the sunlight. Many reefs are in trade wind belts, the windward side being exposed to wave action, the leeward side being sheltered. Reef systems are often bioenergeticaly more or less self maintaining, complete ecosystem in themselves, beautifully adapted to use, hoard or recycle any inputs from the surroundings

dosimetric studies of mixed energy intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer treatments

Dosimetric studies of mixed field photon beam intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer using pencil beam (PB) and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithms using Oncentra MasterPlan treatment planning system (v. 4.3) are investigated in this study. Three different plans were generated using 6 MV, 15 MV, and mixed beam (both 6 and 15 MV). Fifteen patients with two sets of plans were generated: one by using PB and the other by using CCC for the same planning parameters and constraints except the beam energy. For each patient's plan of high energy photons, one set of photoneutron measurements using solid state neutron track detector (SSNTD) was taken for this study. Mean percentage ofV66 Gyin the rectum is18.55±2.8,14.58±2.1, and16.77±4.7for 6 MV, 15 MV, and mixed-energy plans, respectively. Mean percentage ofV66 Gyin bladder is16.54±2.1,17.42±2.1,and16.94±41.9for 6 MV, 15 MV, and mixed-energy plans, respectively. Mixed fields neutron contribution at the beam entrance surface is 45.62% less than at 15 MV photon beam. Our result shows that, with negligible neutron contributions, mixed field IMRT has considerable dosimetric advantage

Isu dan cabaran pengelolaan kelas pengajian Tahfiz al-Quran secara dalam talian (Online ) di institusi tahfiz swasta dalam tempoh Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP)

Kelangsungan sistem pendidikan tidak boleh terhenti walaupun terdapat halangan bersemuka di kala pandemik COVID-19 termasuk dalam pengelolaan kelas pengajian Tahfiz al-Quran. Pelaksanaan kelas tahfiz secara dalam talian menjadi pilihan utama semua institusi Tahfiz bagi memastikan kelas pengajian Tahfiz tidak terbantut. Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk meninjau pelaksanaan dan pengelolaan kelas pengajian Tahfiz al-Quran terutamanya maahad atau pusat Tahfiz swasta dalam tempoh pandemik Covid-19. Tinjauan yang dilaksanakan ini merangkumi lima (5) perkara utama iaitu isu dan cabaran dari aspek pentadbiran Institusi Tahfiz, corak pelaksanaan jadual harian rasmi hafazan al-Quran, pelaksanaan kelas tasmik hafazan baharu, pelaksanaan kelas murajaah hafazan mingguan dan hafazan lama dan masalah dan cabaran pelaksanaan kelas hafazan dalam talian. Dalam proses pemerolehan data, kajian ini secara sepenuhnya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menggunakan kaedah temubual separa struktur yang dilaksanakan secara dalam talian. Bagi prosedur temubual, seramai 49 orang responden dari 27 institusi Tahfiz yang terdiri daripada mudir (pengetua) dan guru tasmik dan diniah (agama) telah ditemubual. Dapatan menunjukkan pelbagai isu dan cabaran timbul iaitu kemudahan peranti yang terhad, liputan internet yang tidak memuaskan, penjadualan kelas, komitmen dan disiplin pelajar, kerjasama ibu bapa dan pencapaian pelajar. Ia sekaligus menyebabkan perjalanan pentadbiran sekolah terjejas sehingga terdapat pelajar yang berhenti dari meneruskan pengajian mereka. Kajian ini mencadangkan beberapa langkah dan tindakan yang boleh diambil bagi memastikan perjalanan kelas Tahfiz berlangsung dengan lebih baik dan menghasilkan pelajar kekal berkualiti walaupun pembelajaran terhad dalam talian

Facile green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using natural reducer and stabilizer and an evaluation of antimicrobial activity

ABSTRACT In the present work Iron nanoparticles have been synthesized from simple and green synthesis strategy. Natural lemon extract was used as a reducing agent and curcumin acted as a stabilizer. The obtained iron nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, SEM and TEM techniques. TEM images showed that the formed particles are of spherical morphology with appreciable size. The synthesized iron nanoparticles have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against different microorganisms. The zone of inhibition results were considerably higher andalso exhibited similar activity to standard drugs

Productivity of the coral reef alga Halimeda gracilis Harv. ex. J.Ag. Minicoy island, Lakshadweep

The present investigation deals with the morphology and productivity of Halimeda gracilis from 3 locations of Minicoy Island. The estimated percentage cover of H. Gracilis were 32.6% on the reef, 10.9% on the shore reef and 17.3% on the seagrass beds. Halimeda in scagrass beds had the highest biomass of 1339.2 g/m2 followed by the shore reef with 1256.0 g/m2 and the lowest biomass at the reef (420.8 g/m2). The length of Halimeda gracilis varied between 4.5 cm at the reef and 8.5 cm in scagrass beds but the weight showed only slight variation. Length weight reintionship of Halimeda gracilis indicated least variable morphology at reef and lagoon. Plants collected from seagrass beds in the lagoon showed highest productivity of 0.64 g C/m2 / day while the lowest production of 0.08 gC/m2/day was recorded from the shore reef. Environmental parameters such as temperature salinity dissolved oxygen and nutrients were monitored at the three stations