KECEPATAN LEMPARAN PITCHER BASEBALL DITINJAU DARI POWER TUNGKAI DAN FLEKSIBILITAS SENDI BAHU

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi dari power tungkai dan fleksibilitas sendi bahu terhadap kecepatan lemparan pitcher baseball. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes power tungkai menggunakan standing broad jump, shoulder elevation tes untuk mengetahui fleksibilitas sendi bahu, dan speed gun untuk tes kecepatan lemparan pitcher. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet pitcher baseball Kota Cirebon. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah atlet pitcher Kota Cirebon yang pernah mengikuti kejuaraan daerah sebanyak 10 orang. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data, besarnya kontribusi dari masing-masing variabel yaitu: dari power tungkai sebesar 48.30%, dan fleksibilitas sendi bahu sebesar 29,38%, sedangkan kontribusi gabungan dari power tungkai dan fleksibilitas sendi bahu terhadap kecepatan lemparan pitcher baseball sebesar 49,14%. Kesimpulan bahwa: power tungkai memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kecepatan lemparan pitcher baseball; fleksibilitas sendi bahu tidak memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan; kontribusi gabungan power tungkai dan fleksibilitas sendi bahu memberikan kontribusi yang kuat namun tidak signifikan

SOME PROBLEMS IN MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY OF INDONESIA'S FORESTS: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Indonesia's forests have economic, social, and environmental benefits. Some national efforts, as well as support from the global community for sustaining forest development in Indonesia have been done. However, some problems were still reported during the implementation of the forest development. Thorough analysis was needed to formulate the root of the problems, and to identify solutions/supports to the current forest development to achieve its sustainability. Descriptive analysis was used in this study. The results indicated that sustainable forest development in Indonesia was still faced with the problems of uncertainty of management, insufficient management capacity, and lack of law enforcement. These conditions were indicated by high conflict of interests as well as lack of support from stakeholders, not enough forest management actions at site-level, and high forest degradation. Aiming at overcoming problems of sustainable forest development and maintaining sustainability of Indonesia's forest, national forest management needs to embrace more space for communication, openness, mutual learning, collaboration in addressing forest conflicts, and determining the future direction of its sustainability goal of management

SURFACE RUNOFF AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AVAILABILITY IN BAMBOO-BASED AGROFORESTRY IN LOMBOK TIMUR DISTRICT

Bamboo-based agroforestry is suitable for soils which are poor in nutrient. The characteristics of bamboo and the rapid closure of its canopy improve soil cover, soil nutrient availability and soil moisture content, and prevent erosion by reducing surface runoff. The research was aimed at determining the factors that influenced surface runoff and the availability of soil organic matter (SOM) in the bamboo-based agroforestry in East Lombok. Research was done from March 2010 to March 2011 in Lenek Daya village, Aikmel sub-district, East Lombok district. The research plots were located on slopes of 0-15o, 30-45o, and 45-65o; with bamboo canopy closures of 0-25%, 25-50%, 50-75%, and over 75%. The research involving 12 plots, each in 4 x 12 m size. Measurements included surface runoff, bamboo canopy closure, weeds and bamboo leaves litter weight, rainfall depth and duration, dissolved sediment, and soil physical and chemical properties as well as SOM. Correlation and multiple linear regression tests were used in data analysis. The results of the regression tests showed a change in surface runoff which was influenced by changes in bamboo canopy closure, rain duration, rain intensity and soil sand fraction, each by -0.019, 0.418, 0.049 and -0.065 respectively. Rain duration was the highest influencing variable, whereas bamboo canopy closure significantly decreased surface runoff. Bamboo canopy closure had no correlation with the increase of SOM. But, the increase of SOM had correlation with the increase of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). The positive impact of bamboo canopy closure on Regosol soil fertility in bamboo-based agroforestry land was determined by land management intensity which could increase the availability of SOM and decrease phosphorus element loss due to leaching of nutrient

PERKAWINAN BAGI MEREKA YANG BELUM MEMENUHI PERSYARATAN DALAM PASAL 7 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe, firstly: Does the Law Number 1 of 1974 regarding Marriage forbid the underage marriage? Secondly, does the underage marriage violate the Law Number 2002 regarding Child Protection? This study employs juridical normative research method with secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection technique is by library study, the analysis method is descriptive analytical. Results of the research is as follows, firstly: principle being embraced in the Law Number 1 of 1974 regarding Marriage does not contain assertive sanctions and prohibitions in case of underage marriage, as for the matter a marriage dispensation application can be put forward to the designated Court or officials. Secondly: the Law Number 1 0f 1974 regarding Marriage with the Law Number 23 of 2002 regarding Child Protection, in principle there is a difference regarding the adult age limit of a child, but are not conflicting regarding the underage marriage. Keywords: Marriage, Underage Marriage & Child Protection

Identifikasi Tahapan dan Faktor-Faktor Sosial Pembangunan Hutan Rakyat di Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Lindung

Development of private forests was thought to have good impact on the security of protected forest. The development could increase the ability of farmers in managing degraded lands, especially on private lands around the protected forest, so the disruption to the forest is reduced. The study was conducted in Sajang Village, East Lombok District and Bentek Hinterland, North Lombok District. Social factors were collected, such as education of farmers, forest ownership, local perceptions, and perception farmers towards forests, local institutions and the characteristics of the management of protected forest. Interview was conducted on 50 respondents for each location. Analysis data was done through correlation test, factor selection, and regression test. At 95% confidence level, was elected four factors associated with the ownership of private forests by farmers, namely: age of farmers, local institutional goals, pressure to local institutions and knowledge of farmers about the benefits of protected forest. Based on the four factors, the changes in the activity of local communities from depending on forest resources to building private forest was occured gradually over a long time, but it could be accelerated by increasing the independence of local institutions, and by the efforts to increase understanding of farmers in the benefits of protected forest

Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Berbasis Multikultural

Berbicara mengenai pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam konteks Pendidikan multikultural dipandang sangat penting memberikan porsi Pendidikan multikultural sebagai wacana dalam sistem pendidikan di Indonesia terutama agar peserta didik memiliki kepekaan dalam menghadapi gejala-gejala dan masalah-masalah sosial yang berakar pada perbedaan karena suku, ras, strata sosial, agama dan tata nilai yang terjadi pada lingkungan masyarakatnya. Hal ini dapat diimplementasikan baik pada substansi maupun model pembelajaran yang mengakui dan menghormati keanekaragaman budaya. Dalam penelitian ini, melalui kajian pustaka/library research penulis akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana orientasi pembelajaran PAI dalam pendidikan yang multikultural dan bagaimana kajian serta pengembangan pembelajaran PAI berbasis multikultur. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap diskusi mengenai bagaimana seharusnya pendidikan Islam memposisikan diri dalam perubahan zaman termasuk dalam menghadapi problem yang terdiri atas keberagaman individu dari berbagai macam suku, bangsa, budaya, agama, dan ras. Adanya artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi kajian mendasar lebih mudah dipahami sebagai cara pandang atas perbedaan yang dijumpai di masyarakat. Oleh karenanya, guru sebagai mitra dalam belajar harus mampu mendesain dan mengembangkan kegiatan pembelajaran sehingga siswa memperoleh informasi lebih banyak dibanding waktu yang disediakan

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FLOWERING AND FRUITING BEHAVIORS OF NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.)

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophylun Linn.) has high potential as raw material for biodiesel.Understanding reproductive growth behavior of nyamplung is important if the species want to be developed for supporting biodiesel program. This study is aiming at understanding the flowering and fruiting characteristics and their development; ripe fruit production; fruit harvesting time and seed viability of nyamplung. The study completed in 2010 in Jerowaru and Korleko (East Lombok District), and North Batukliang (Central Lombok District). The method consists of direct observation and seed germination trial. The results indicated that nyamplung has a perfect flower were both male and female reproductive organs are in a single flower. Nyamplung fruit is globose with its length from 2.5 to 3.4 and the width from 2.3 to 3.3 cm. Nyamplung flowering period was different between sites as a respond to biophysical and agro-climatic condition of the habitat. The flowering period tends to delay with the Calophyllum inophyllum increase of rainfall and this association had high correlation (97,3%). The flowering period completes within a month, while the fruiting period within 1.5 to 2.5 months.The percentages of ripe fruits at each location were 40.29% (Korleko), 36.45% (North Batukliang), and 32.78% (Jerowaru). The percentages of germinated seed

LOCAL PERSPECTIVES ON TENURE RIGHTS AND CONFLICT IN FMU RINJANI BARAT, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

Local perspectives on tenurial rights and conflict needs to be known in overcoming forest tenurial conflict thoroughly. Aiming at knowing this local perspective, study was conducted in FMU Rinjani Barat in 2013 at the villages of Senaru, Santong and Rempek, North Lombok District. Research activities included literatures review, and interview. Data were analyzed using CDA and multiple linier regression.  Results indicated that there is need for rearrangement of forest rule and the propriety of the rule, improving forest management, and accommodation to various interests on forest land as well as resources. In high forest destruction condition, forest tenurial conflict resolution should be done in the context of sustainable management which was accompanied by an increase in communication, cooperation, alignment, and mentoring to community. Related to these efforts, law enforcement is needed for improving sustainability of management, and avoiding irregularities in implementation of forest management

Identifikasi Tahapan Dan Faktor-faktor Sosial Pembangunan Hutan Rakyat Di Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Lindung

Development of private forests was thought to have good impact on the security of protected forest. The development could increase the ability of farmers in managing degraded lands, especially on private lands around the protected forest, so the disruption to the forest is reduced. The study was conducted in Sajang Village, East Lombok District and Bentek Hinterland, North Lombok District. Social factors were collected, such as education of farmers, forest ownership, local perceptions, and perception farmers towards forests, local institutions and the characteristics of the management of protected forest. Interview was conducted on 50 respondents for each location. Analysis data was done through correlation test, factor selection, and regression test. At 95% confidence level, was elected four factors associated with the ownership of private forests by farmers, namely: age of farmers, local institutional goals, pressure to local institutions and knowledge of farmers about the benefits of protected forest. Based on the four factors, the changes in the activity of local communities from depending on forest resources to building private forest was occured gradually over a long time, but it could be accelerated by increasing the independence of local institutions, and by the efforts to increase understanding of farmers in the benefits of protected forest