Manipulation of magnetization reversal of Ni81Fe19 nanoellipse arrays by tuning the shape anisotropy and the magnetostatic interactions

Two series of highly ordered two-dimensional arrays of Ni81Fe19 nanoellipses were nanofabaricated with different aspect ratios, R, and element separations, S, to investigate the influence of the self-demagnetization and the magnetostatic interaction upon the magnetization reversal. For nanostructures with low shape anisotropy, an additional magnetic easy axis was induced orthogonal to the shape-induced easy axis by reducing the separations along both axes. For the structures with larger shape anisotropy, the switching field distribution/coercivity (SFD/Hc ) was reduced, and for the array with the smallest separations (20 nm and 35 nm along the long and short axes, respectively), coherent rotation of the whole array occurred. The magnitude of both the shape anisotropy and a configurational anisotropy induced by the magnetostatic interactions have been estimated. These results provide some useful information for the design of potential magnetic nanodot logic and for high-density magnetic random access memory

Large extraordinary Hall effect in [Pt/Co]5/Ru/[Co/Pt]5 multilayer

This Brief Report presents giant extraordinary Hall effect (EHE) in the Ru-mediated antiferromagnetically coupled [Pt/Co]5/Ru/[Co/Pt]5 multilayers (MLs) compared with those MLs without the Ru spacer. The enhancement of the EHE is attributed to the strong Ru/Co interface scattering. Through the variation in the Pt layer thickness and the temperature, we determine the relation between the Hall voltage and the longitudinal resistivity. It is found that the conventional scaling analysis has difficulties in consistently interpreting our data

Habitable Zones and UV Habitable Zones around Host Stars

Ultraviolet radiation is a double-edged sword to life. If it is too strong, the terrestrial biological systems will be damaged. And if it is too weak, the synthesis of many biochemical compounds can not go along. We try to obtain the continuous ultraviolet habitable zones, and compare the ultraviolet habitable zones with the habitable zones of host stars. Using the boundary ultraviolet radiation of ultraviolet habitable zone, we calculate the ultraviolet habitable zones of host stars with masses from 0.08 to 4.00 \mo. For the host stars with effective temperatures lower than 4,600 K, the ultraviolet habitable zones are closer than the habitable zones. For the host stars with effective temperatures higher than 7,137 K, the ultraviolet habitable zones are farther than the habitable zones. For hot subdwarf as a host star, the distance of the ultraviolet habitable zone is about ten times more than that of the habitable zone, which is not suitable for life existence.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Magnetoresistance Effect in Spin-Polarized Junctions of Ferromagnetically Contacting Multiple Conductive Paths: Applications to Atomic Wires and Carbon Nanotubes

For spin-polarized junctions of ferromagnetically contacting multiple conductive paths, such as ferromagnet (FM)/atomic wires/FM and FM/carbon nanotubes/FM junctions, we theoretically investigate spin-dependent transport to elucidate the intrinsic relation between the number of paths and conduction, and to enhance the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio. When many paths are randomly located between the two FMs, electronic wave interference between the FMs appears, and then the MR ratio increases with increasing number of paths. Furthermore, at each number of paths, the MR ratio for carbon nanotubes becomes larger than that for atomic wires, reflecting the characteristic shape of points in contact with the FM.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Transport Measurements on Nano-engineered Two Dimensional Superconducting Wire Networks

Superconducting triangular Nb wire networks with high normal-state resistance are fabricated by using a negative tone hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist. Robust magnetoresistance oscillations are observed up to high magnetic fields and maintained at low temperatures, due to the eective reduction of wire dimensions. Well-defined dips appear at integral and rational values (1/2, 1/3, 1/4) of the reduced flux f = Phi/Phi_0, which is the first observation in the triangular wire networks. These results are well consistent with theoretical calculations for the reduced critical temperature as a function of f.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

The flavor-changing bottom-strange quark production in the littlest Higgs model with T parity at the ILC

In the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) the mirror quarks induce the special flavor structures and some new flavor-changing (FC) couplings which could greatly enhance the production rates of the FC processes. We in this paper study some bottom and anti-strange production processes in the LHT model at the International Linear Collider (ILC), i.e., $e^+e^-\rightarrow b\bar{s}$ and $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow b\bar{s}$. The results show that the production rates of these processes are sizeable for the favorable values of the parameters. Therefore, it is quite possible to test the LHT model or make some constrains on the relevant parameters of the LHT through the detection of these processes at the ILC.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Effects of Exogenous Cellulase Source on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Crop Straws and Grasses

In vitro fermentation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 sources of exogenous cellulase products (EC) at 4 dose rates (DR) (0, 12, 37 and 62 IU/g of DM) on degradation of forage and methane production by mixed rumen micro-organisms of goats. The maximum gas production (Vf) of grasses was higher (P<0.001) in Neocallimastix patriciarum (NP) group than those in Trichoderma reesei (TR) and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL) groups. Quadratic increases in dry matter degradation (DMD) of forage and neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) of straw were observed for all EC, with optimum DR in the low range. Supplementation of EC originated from TR and NP increased (P<0.001) DMD of forage compared to that from TL. Addition of EC originated from TR and NP also decreased pH value, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and methane (CH4) production compared to that from TL. Quadratic decreases in pH value, NH3-N and CH4 of forage were noted for EC of TR and NP, and with optimum DR in the low range. For short chain fatty acid, the EC of NP increased total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and acetate concentration and the ratio of acetate to propionate of forage compared with EC of TL and TR, and with optimum DR in the low to medium range. It was concluded that the source of EC differed in fiber degradation and methane emission, and with optimum DR of TR in the low range (from 12 to 37 U/g DM) in improving fiber degradation and decreasing methane emission

Effects of different probiotics on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of antibiotics, yeast culture (YC), and Lactobacillus culture (LC) on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into four treatment groups: control, antibiotic (1% chlortetracycline), 1.8% yeast culture (YC), and 1.6% Lactobacillus culture groups (LC). Each group had six replicated pens with one pig per pen. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Dietary supplementation with antibiotics, YC and LC increased the abundance of phylum, Firmicutes, and decreased the abundance of phylum, Proteobacteria. Beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Megasphaera in YC and LC groups increased, whereas the proportion of Shigella was decreased. Genera Alloprevotella and Lachnospira were biomarkers in the control and antibiotic groups, respectively. Phylum, Bacteroidetes, and genus, Collinsella, were biomarkers in the YC group, and Mitsuokella, Anaerotruncus, Syntrophococcus and Sharpea were biomarkers in the LC group. Dietary supplementation with different probiotics changed the serum and caecum metabolite profiles too. Antibiotic supplementation increased the levels of D-mannose, D-glucose, and hexadecanoic acid in the serum, and the levels of myo-inositol, D-mannose and benzenepropanoic acid in the caecum. LC increased the concentrations of D-mannose, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in caecum compared with the control group. YC and LC supplementation in the weaning diet could improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria by changing the concentrations of some metabolites in the serum and caecum. Therefore, dietary supplementation with YC or LC could be used as additives instead of antibiotics in weaning piglets.Keywords: antibiotic; lactobacillus culture; yeast culture; high-throughput sequencing; gas chromatography mass spectrometr

Habitable Zones of Host Stars During the Post-MS Phase

A star will become brighter and brighter with stellar evolution, and the distance of its habitable zone will become farther and farther. Some planets outside the habitable zone of a host star during the main sequence phase may enter the habitable zone of the host star during other evolutionary phases. A terrestrial planet within the habitable zone of its host star is generally thought to be suited to life existence. Furthermore, a rocky moon around a giant planet may be also suited to life survive, provided that the planet-moon system is within the habitable zone of its host star. Using Eggleton's code and the boundary flux of habitable zone, we calculate the habitable zone of our Solar after the main sequence phase. It is found that Mars' orbit and Jupiter's orbit will enter the habitable zone of Solar during the subgiant branch phase and the red giant branch phase, respectively. And the orbit of Saturn will enter the habitable zone of Solar during the He-burning phase for about 137 million years. Life is unlikely at any time on Saturn, as it is a giant gaseous planet. However, Titan, the rocky moon of Saturn, may be suitable for biological evolution and become another Earth during that time. For low-mass stars, there are similar habitable zones during the He-burning phase as our Solar, because there are similar core masses and luminosities for these stars during that phase.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by Ap & S

Collaborative multidisciplinary management and expertise of cT2-3 locally advanced operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:two case reports

Background: The accurate clinical staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is pivotal for guiding treatment strategies. However, the current precision in staging for clinical T (cT)2 and cT3 stages remains unsatisfactory. This article discusses the role of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in the clinical staging and formulation of neoadjuvant treatment strategies for locally advanced operable ESCC. These challenges underscore the importance of precise staging in the decision-making process for appropriate therapeutic interventions.Case Description: Through the lens of two patient case studies with locally advanced resectable ESCC, the article showcases the intricate process of treatment planning undertaken by MDTs. It captures a range of expert perspectives from Japan, China, Hong Kong (China), Korea, the USA, and Europe, focusing on the challenges of differentiating between cT2 and cT3 stages of the disease, which is a critical determinant in the management and therapeutic approach for patients.Conclusions: The article concludes that the accurate staging of ESCC is a cornerstone in determining the most suitable treatment strategies. It underscores the vital role that MDTs play in both clinical staging and the decision-making process for treatment. Highlighting the limitations in current diagnostic methods, the article emphasizes the urgent need for advanced research and the refinement of diagnostic tools to improve the precision of staging, particularly between the cT2 and cT3 stages. It suggests that future research should consider whether a reclassification of these stages could be warranted to enhance treatment planning and outcomes for patients with ESCC.<br/