139 research outputs found
Evolutionary Approaches to Optimization Problems in Chimera Topologies
Chimera graphs define the topology of one of the first commercially available
quantum computers. A variety of optimization problems have been mapped to this
topology to evaluate the behavior of quantum enhanced optimization heuristics
in relation to other optimizers, being able to efficiently solve problems
classically to use them as benchmarks for quantum machines. In this paper we
investigate for the first time the use of Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) on
Ising spin glass instances defined on the Chimera topology. Three genetic
algorithms (GAs) and three estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) are
evaluated over hard instances of the Ising spin glass constructed from
Sidon sets. We focus on determining whether the information about the topology
of the graph can be used to improve the results of EAs and on identifying the
characteristics of the Ising instances that influence the success rate of GAs
and EDAs.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Pumping and heat transfer enhancement by wall's morphing
In a previous study, heat transfer enhancement using a deformable
wall in a heat exchanger was demonstrated numerically
using CFD calculations in liquid single-phase situation.
This configuration allows the pumping function to be integrated
within the heat exchanger itself. Based on these results, a prototype
has been developed (but with different dimensions than in
the numerical study) in which one of the walls constituting the
channel is subjected to dynamic deformations in the form of a
traveling wave. Electric heaters on the other wall heat the channel.
Actuation is achieved by means of piezoelectric actuators.
Experimentally, the pumping function is observed, for all frequencies
of deformations and for two different fluids (water and
HFE 7000). The heat transfer intensification is also shown, and
this in two experimental configurations:
- a pressure difference (which may be zero) between the inlet and
outlet of the channel is imposed: in this configuration, the traveling
wave imposes the flow-rate. The heat transfer enhancement
is then due both to the increase of the flow-rate and the disruption
of the thermal boundary layers generated by the wave;
- a flow-rate is imposed with a mechanical pump: in this case
actuation has no effect on the pumping, and the measured heat
transfer enhancement is then due only to the effects of the imposed
dynamic deformations.
First experiments with the presence of boiling were also performed.
It was found that boiling can occur even if the fluid
does not reach the saturation temperature within the channel. A
100% increase in the mean heat transfer coefficient was found
when actuating the channel wall.Papers presented to the 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Costa de Sol, Spain on 11-13 July 2016
Ecologie microbienne d’Acinetobacter baumannii au Liban: Recherche de sa présence hors de l'environnement hospitalier
Basin-scale gyres and mesoscale eddies in large lakes: a novel procedure for their detection and characterization, assessed in Lake Geneva
In large lakes subject to the Coriolis force, basin-scale
gyres and mesoscale eddies, i.e. rotating coherent water masses, play a key
role in spreading biochemical materials and energy throughout the lake. In
order to assess the spatial and temporal extent of gyres and eddies, their
dynamics and vertical structure, as well as to validate their prediction in
numerical simulation results, detailed transect field observations are
needed. However, at present it is difficult to forecast when and where such
transect field observations should be taken. To overcome this problem, a
novel procedure combining 3D numerical simulations, statistical analyses,
and remote sensing data was developed that permits determination of the
spatial and temporal patterns of basin-scale gyres during different seasons.
The proposed gyre identification procedure consists of four steps: (i)Â data
pre-processing, (ii)Â extracting dominant patterns using empirical orthogonal
function (EOF) analysis of Okubo–Weiss parameter fields, (iii) defining the
3D structure of the gyre, and (iv)Â finding the correlation between the
dominant gyre pattern and environmental forcing. The efficiency and
robustness of the proposed procedure was validated in Lake Geneva. For the
first time in a lake, detailed field evidence of the existence of
basin-scale gyres and (sub)mesoscale eddies was provided by data collected
along transects whose locations were predetermined by the proposed
procedure. The close correspondence between field observations and detailed
numerical results further confirmed the validity of the model for capturing
large-scale current circulations as well as (sub)mesoscale eddies. The
results also indicated that the horizontal gyre motion is mainly determined
by wind stress, whereas the vertical current structure, which is influenced
by the gyre flow field, primarily depends on thermocline depth and strength.
The procedure can be applied to other large lakes and can be extended to the
interaction of biological–chemical–physical processes.</p
Molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from different environments in Lebanon
International audienc
Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Latent Markov Random Fields and Social Networks
Undirected graphical models are widely used in statistics, physics and
machine vision. However Bayesian parameter estimation for undirected models is
extremely challenging, since evaluation of the posterior typically involves the
calculation of an intractable normalising constant. This problem has received
much attention, but very little of this has focussed on the important practical
case where the data consists of noisy or incomplete observations of the
underlying hidden structure. This paper specifically addresses this problem,
comparing two alternative methodologies. In the first of these approaches
particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (Andrieu et al., 2010) is used to efficiently
explore the parameter space, combined with the exchange algorithm (Murray et
al., 2006) for avoiding the calculation of the intractable normalising constant
(a proof showing that this combination targets the correct distribution in
found in a supplementary appendix online). This approach is compared with
approximate Bayesian computation (Pritchard et al., 1999). Applications to
estimating the parameters of Ising models and exponential random graphs from
noisy data are presented. Each algorithm used in the paper targets an
approximation to the true posterior due to the use of MCMC to simulate from the
latent graphical model, in lieu of being able to do this exactly in general.
The supplementary appendix also describes the nature of the resulting
approximation.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Journal of Computational and
Graphical Statistics (http://www.amstat.org/publications/jcgs.cfm
Extra-human epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Lebanon
Presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extra hospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples and 379 animal samples were analysed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii. Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated and A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and blaOXA-51 Sequence-Based Typing (blaOXA-51 SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase encoding genes except one that harboured a blaOXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (ST), among them 24 were novel ST(s), reported for the first time in this study. blaOXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among them 21 were novel and all isolated from animal origin. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered as putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The role of novel identified animal clones in community-acquired infections should be investigated
Increased Immune Complexes of Hypocretin Autoantibodies in Narcolepsy
International audienceBACKGROUND: Hypocretin peptides participate in the regulation of sleep-wake cycle while deficiency in hypocretin signaling and loss of hypocretin neurons are causative for narcolepsy-cataplexy. However, the mechanism responsible for alteration of the hypocretin system in narcolepsy-cataplexy and its relevance to other central hypersomnias remain unknown. Here we studied whether central hypersomnias can be associated with autoantibodies reacting with hypocretin-1 peptide present as immune complexes. METHODOLOGY: Serum levels of free and dissociated (total) autoantibodies reacting with hypocretin-1 peptide were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed with regard to clinical parameters in 82 subjects with narcolepsy-cataplexy, narcolepsy without cataplexy or idiopathic hypersomnia and were compared to 25 healthy controls. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Serum levels of total but not free IgG autoantibodies against hypocretin-1 were increased in narcolepsy-cataplexy. Increased levels of complexed IgG autoantibodies against hypocretin-1 were found in all patients groups with a further increase in narcolepsy-cataplexy. Levels of total IgM hypocretin-1 autoantibodies were also elevated in all groups of patients. Increased levels of anti-idiotypic IgM autoantibodies reacting with hypocretin-1 IgG autoantibodies affinity purified from sera of subjects with narcolepsy-cataplexy were found in all three groups of patients. Disease duration correlated negatively with serum levels of hypocretin-1 IgG and IgM autoantibodies and with anti-idiotypic IgM autoantibodies. CONCLUSION: Central hypersomnias and particularly narcolepsy-cataplexy are characterized by higher serum levels of autoantibodies directed against hypocretin-1 which are present as immune complexes most likely with anti-idiotypic autoantibodies suggesting their relevance to the mechanism of sleep-wake cycle regulation
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