Infant vocabulary development assessed with a British communicative development inventory

Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) were collected from 669 British children aged between 1;0 and 2;1. Comprehension and production scores in each age group are calculated. This provides norming data for the British infant population. The influence of socioeconomic group on vocabulary scores is considered and shown not to have a significant effect. The data from British infants is compared to data from American infants (Fenson, Dale, Reznick, Bates, Thal & Pethick, 1994). It is found that British infants have lower scores on both comprehension and production than American infants of the same age

Synthesis, characterization, and application of water-soluble chiral calix[4]arene derivatives in spectroscopy and capillary electrokinetic chromatography

This dissertation is an account of the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel water-soluble chiral calixarenes in spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis. It is divided into four sections. The first part describes the synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of four p-t-butylcalix[4]arenes bearing L-amino acid moieties on their lower rims (CX4-AA). The structure and conformation of the derivatives have been determined using one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. Proton and carbon-13 spectra show that the derivatives are tetra-substituted and adopt a cone conformation. The preparation and characterization of silica-bonded calixarene stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography is also reported in Chapter 2. A novel synthesis has been attempted, in which one monomer unit of the calixarene is covalently attached to aminopropyl silica (APS) via the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxylate terminus of the calixarene-amino acid moiety and the primary amine of APS. Elemental analyses of the calixarene stationary phases show increases in the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen compared to unmodified APS. Carbon-13 cross polarization-magic angle spinning NMR (CP-MAS NMR) is used to confirm successful attachment of the calixarenes to APS. The third part focuses on the use of these derivatives as pseudostationary phases in electrokinetic capillary chromatography (EKC). Comparisons have been made pointing out the structural influence of each derivative on its selectivity toward enantiomeric and atropisomeric pairs. Electrokinetic parameters such as buffer pH, chiral selector concentration, and organic modifier concentration are varied to yield the best compromise between analyte resolution and elution times. Spectroscopic studies of calixarene inclusion complexes generally focus on the properties of molecules whose absorption and emission bands do not overlap those of calixarenes. In order to investigate the complexation behavior of CX4-AA derivatives with binaphthyl atropisomers, special considerations had to be taken because CX4-AA emission signals overlap those of binaphthyls. In Chapter 4, a steady-state fluorescence method is proposed which investigates and corrects for inner-filter effects of calixarenes during complexation studies of guests with overlapping absorption and emission. Association constants and complex stoichiometries are then determined from steady state fluorescence measurements and general correlations between EKC and fluorescence data are established

Rigidity of noncompact complete Bach-flat manifolds

Let $(M,g)$ be a noncompact complete Bach-flat manifold with positive Yamabe constant. We prove that $(M,g)$ is flat if $(M, g)$ has zero scalar curvature and sufficiently small $L_{2}$ bound of curvature tensor. When $(M, g)$ has nonconstant scalar curvature, we prove that $(M, g)$ is conformal to the flat space if $(M, g)$ has sufficiently small $L_2$ bound of curvature tensor and $L_{4/3}$ bound of scalar curvature.Comment: 10 pages, To appear J. Geom. Physic

Magellan Spectroscopy of Low-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei

We present an atlas of moderate-resolution (R ~ 1200-1600) optical spectra of 94 low-redshift (z < 0.5) active galactic nuclei taken with the Magellan 6.5 m Clay Telescope. The spectra mostly cover the rest-frame region 3600-6000 Ang. All the objects have preexisting Hubble Space Telescope imaging, and they were chosen as part of an ongoing program to investigate the relationship between black hole mass and their host galaxy properties. A significant fraction of the sample has no previous quantitative spectroscopic measurements in the literature. We perform spectral decomposition of the spectra and present detailed fits and basic measurements of several commonly used broad and narrow emission lines, including [O II] 3727, He II 4686, Hbeta, and [O III] 4959, 5007. Eight of the objects are narrow-line sources that were previously misclassified as broad-line (type 1) Seyfert galaxies; of these, five appear not to be accretion-powered.Comment: To appear in ApJS, 25 page

Class, State and Industrialisation in South Korea

SUMMARY An explanation of how private industrial capital became the driving force of society is central to an understanding of South Korean industrialisation. This process had two main phases: the transformation of landed assets into merchant capital in the 1950s and of commercial into industrial capital in the 1960s. The state has played a fundamental role in structuring changes in class relations at each stage. RESUMEN Clases, estado e industrialización en Corea del Sur Para comprender la industrialización de Corea del Sur es imprescindible una explicación de la forma en que el capital industrial privado se transformó en la fuerza motriz de la sociedad. Este proceso tuvo dos fases principales: la transformación del capital terrateniente en mercantil en la década de 1950 y de éste en industrial en la década de 1960. El estado desempeñó un rol fundamental en la estructuración de los cambios en las relaciones de clase en cada una de estas etapas. RESUMES Classe, état et industrialisation en Corée du Sud Une explication de la façon selon laquelle le capital industriel devint la force dirigeante de la société est la clé pour comprendre l'industrialisation de la Corée du Sud. Ce procédé comporte deux phases principales: la transformation de biens fonciers en capital marchand dans les années 50 et de capital commercial en capital industriel dans les années 60. L'état a joué un rôle fondamental dans la structuration des changements dans les rapports entre les classes à tous les niveaux

Large Scale Magnetic Fields: Galaxy Two-Point correlation function

We study the effect of large scale tangled magnetic fields on the galaxy two-point correlation function in the redshift space. We show that (a) the magnetic field effects can be comparable the gravity-induced clustering for present magnetic field strength $B_0 \simeq 5 \times 10^{-8}$ G, (b) the absence of this signal from the present data gives an upper bound B_0 \la 3 \times 10^{-8} G, (c) the future data can probe the magnetic fields of $\simeq 10^{-8}$ G. A comparison with other constraints on the present magnetic field shows that they are marginally compatible.However if the magenetic fields corresponding to $B_0 \simeq 10^{-8}$ G existed at the last scattering surface they will cause unacceptably large CMBR anisotropies.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Pulsed Corona Discharge for Oxidation of Gaseous Elemental Mercury

Positive pulsed corona discharge has been applied for the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) from a simulated flue gas. The oxidation of Hg0 to HgO and HgCl2 can significantly enhance the mercury removal from flue gas. At a gas condition of O2 (10%), H2O (3%), and N2 (balance), Hg0 oxidation efficiency of 84% was achieved at an input energy density of 45 J/l. The presence of NO, however, hinders Hg0 oxidation due to the preferential reaction of NO with O and O3. On the contrary, SO2 shows little effect on Hg0 oxidation due to its preferential reaction with OH. It has been also observed that the HCl in gas stream can be dissociated to Cl and Cl2 and can induce additional Hg0 oxidation to HgCl2

On streak spacing in wall-bounded turbulent flows

The present study is a continuation of the examination by Hamilton et al. of the regeneration mechanisms of near-wall turbulence and an attempt to investigate the conjecture of Waleffe et al. The basis of this study is an extension of the 'minimal channel' approach of Jimenez and Moin that emphasizes the near-wall region and reduces the complexity of the turbulent flow by considering a plane Couette flow of near minimum Reynolds number and stream-wise and span-wise extent. Reduction of the flow Reynolds number to the minimum value which will allow turbulence to be sustained has the effect of reducing the ratio of the largest scales to the smallest scales or, equivalently, of causing the near-wall region to fill more of the area between the channel walls. A plane Couette flow was chosen for study since this type of flow has a mean shear of a single sign, and at low Reynolds numbers, the two wall regions are found to share a single set of structures