Thermodynamic fingerprints of non-Markovianity in a system of coupled superconducting qubits

The exploitation and characterization of memory effects arising from the interaction between system and environment is a key prerequisite for quantum reservoir engineering beyond the standard Markovian limit. In this paper we investigate a prototype of non-Markovian dynamics experimentally implementable with superconducting qubits. We rigorously quantify non-Markovianity highlighting the effects of the environmental temperature on the Markovian to non-Markovian crossover. We investigate how memory effects influence, and specifically suppress, the ability to perform work on the driven qubit. We show that the average work performed on the qubit can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect the presence or absence of memory effects.Comment: 9 page

Study of the formation of artifacts following Dichloromethane reaction with some nitrogenous drugs

In this work, the quaternization reaction of some nitrogenous drugs in dichloromethane under stress condition and room temperature at different times are studied. Under these conditions, drug-chloromethochloride adducts or artifacts were found to be formed for clozapine, ofloxacin and olanzapine. The structures of the resultant adducts were elucidated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the amount of intact drug was determined using in-house validated HPLC methods with UV detection

Finite-time quantum Stirling heat engine

We study the thermodynamic performance of a finite-time non-regenerative quantum Stirling-like cycle used as a heat engine. We consider specifically the case in which the working substance (WS) is a two-level system (TLS). The Stirling cycle is made of two isochoric transformations separated by a compression and an expansion stroke during which the WS is in contact with a thermal reservoir. To describe these two strokes we derive a non-Markovian master equation which allows to study the real-time dynamics of a driven open quantum system with arbitrary fast driving. Following the real-time dynamics of the WS using this master equation, the endpoints of the isotherms can deviate from the equilibrium thermal states. The role of this deviation in the performance of the heat engine is addressed. We found that the finite-time dynamics and thermodynamics of the cycle depend non-trivially on the different time scales at play. In particular, driving the WS at a time scale comparable to the resonance time of the bath enhances the performance of the cycle and allows for an efficiency higher than the efficiency of the quasistatic cycle, but still below the Carnot bound. However, by adding thermalization of the WS with the baths at the end of compression/expansion processes one recovers the conventional scenario in which efficiency decreases by speeding up the processes. In addition, the performance of the cycle is dependent on the compression/expansion speeds asymmetrically, which suggests new freedom in optimizing quantum heat engines. The maximum output power and the maximum efficiency are obtained almost simultaneously when the real-time endpoints of the compression/expansion processes are considered instead of the equilibrium thermal endpoint states. However, the net extractable work always declines by speeding up the drive.Peer reviewe

Modeling and Simulation of DC Electric Railway System with Regenerative Braking: A Case Study of Isfahan Metro Line 1

Background and Objectives: Modeling and simulation of electric railway networks is an important issue due to their non-linear and variant nature. This problem becomes more serious with the enormous growth in public transportation tracks and the number of moving trains. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to present a simple and applicable simulation method for DC electric railway systems. Methods: A train movement simulator in a DC electric railway line is developed using Matlab software. A case study based on the practical parameters of Isfahan Metro Line 1 is performed. The simulator includes the train mechanical movement model and power supply system model. Regenerative braking and driving control modes with coasting control are applied in the simulation. Results: The simulation results of the power network are presented for a single train traveling in both up and down directions. Results manifest the correctness and simplicity of the suggested method which facilitates the investigation of the DC electric railway networks. Conclusion: According to the results, the train current is consistent with the electric power demand of the train. But the pantograph voltage has an opposite relationship with its electric power demand. In braking times, the excess power of the train is injected into the electrical network, and thus, overvoltage and undervoltage occur in the overhead contact line and the substation busbar. Therefore, at the maximum braking power of the train, the pantograph voltage reaches its maximum. The highest amount of fluctuation is related to the substation that is closest to the train. As the train moves away from the traction substations, the voltage fluctuations decrease and vice versa

Comparison of effects of age and sex on serum protein electrophoretic pattern in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Semnan, Iran

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of age and sex on the concentration of total serum protein measured by the biuret method and protein fractions determined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis in apparently healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius). Blood samples were collected from 21 camels (12 males and 9 females). The camels were further divided into two groups: 12 young camels at the age of 3 months to 2 years and 9 adult camels at the age of 3-15 years. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of serum proteins identified five protein fractions in adult camels as young camels, these five protein fractions include albumin, α1 and α2, β and γ-globulins. In adult camels, serum levels (g/l) of total protein, albumin, α1-globulins, α2-globulins, β-globulins and γ-globulins were 80.9±3.10, 42.9±3.10, 1.3±0.22, 2.2±0.30, 11.8±0.30 and 22.6±0.20, respectively. However, in young camels, these levels (g/l) were 66.8±2.90, 40.2±2.40, 1.0±0.14, 2.6±0.30, 10.6±0.80 and 12.3±1.20, respectively. The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio was 2.08±0.28 in adult camels and 3.77±0.53 in young ones. The mean serum concentrations of total protein and γ-globulins were significantly (P<0.05) higher and the A/G ratio was significantly lower in adult camels compared to young camels. The mean concentrations of γ-globulins were significantly higher and the A/G ratio was significantly (P<0.05) lower in females compared to male camels. The results of the present study indicate a significant effect of age and sex on the concentrations of some of the serum protein fractions in dromedary camels

A Grassmann integral equation

The present study introduces and investigates a new type of equation which is called Grassmann integral equation in analogy to integral equations studied in real analysis. A Grassmann integral equation is an equation which involves Grassmann integrations and which is to be obeyed by an unknown function over a (finite-dimensional) Grassmann algebra G_m. A particular type of Grassmann integral equations is explicitly studied for certain low-dimensional Grassmann algebras. The choice of the equation under investigation is motivated by the effective action formalism of (lattice) quantum field theory. In a very general setting, for the Grassmann algebras G_2n, n = 2,3,4, the finite-dimensional analogues of the generating functionals of the Green functions are worked out explicitly by solving a coupled system of nonlinear matrix equations. Finally, by imposing the condition G[{\bar\Psi},{\Psi}] = G_0[{\lambda\bar\Psi}, {\lambda\Psi}] + const., 0<\lambda\in R (\bar\Psi_k, \Psi_k, k=1,...,n, are the generators of the Grassmann algebra G_2n), between the finite-dimensional analogues G_0 and G of the (``classical'') action and effective action functionals, respectively, a special Grassmann integral equation is being established and solved which also is equivalent to a coupled system of nonlinear matrix equations. If \lambda \not= 1, solutions to this Grassmann integral equation exist for n=2 (and consequently, also for any even value of n, specifically, for n=4) but not for n=3. If \lambda=1, the considered Grassmann integral equation has always a solution which corresponds to a Gaussian integral, but remarkably in the case n=4 a further solution is found which corresponds to a non-Gaussian integral. The investigation sheds light on the structures to be met for Grassmann algebras G_2n with arbitrarily chosen n.Comment: 58 pages LaTeX (v2: mainly, minor updates and corrections to the reference section; v3: references [4], [17]-[21], [39], [46], [49]-[54], [61], [64], [139] added

Real Time Demand Response Modeling for Residential Consumers in Smart Grid Considering Renewable Energy With Deep Learning Approach

Demand response modelling have paved an important role in smart grid at a greater perspective. DR analysis exhibits the analysis of scheduling of appliances for an optimal strategy at the user's side with an effective pricing scheme. In this proposed work, the entire model is done in three different steps. The first step develops strategy patterns for the users considering integration of renewable energy and effective demand response analysis is done. The second step in the process exhibits the learning process of the consumers using Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for privacy process among the users. The third step develops optimal strategy plan for the users for maintaining privacy among the users. Considering the uncertainties of the user's behavioral patterns, typical pricing schemes are involved with integration of renewable energy at the user' side so that an optimal strategy is obtained. The optimal strategy for scheduling the appliances solving privacy issues and considering renewable energy at user' side is done using Robust Adversarial Reinforcement learning and Gradient Based Nikaido-Isoda Function which gives an optimal accuracy. The results of the proposed work exhibit optimal strategy plan for the users developing proper learning paradigm. The effectiveness of the proposed work with mathematical modelling are validated using real time data and shows the demand response strategy plan with proper learning access model. The results obtained among the set of strategy develops 80 % of the patterns created with the learning paradigm moves with optimal DR scheduling patterns. This work embarks the best learning DR pattern created for the future set of consumers following the strategy so privacy among the users can be maintained effectively

Hand rehabilitation with sonification techniques in the subacute stage of stroke

After a stroke event, most survivors suffer from arm paresis, poor motor control and other disabilities that make activities of daily living difficult, severely affecting quality of life and personal independence. This randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a music-based sonification approach on upper limbs motor functions, quality of life and pain perceived during rehabilitation. The study involved 65 subacute stroke individuals during inpatient rehabilitation allocated into 2 groups which underwent usual care dayweek) respectively of standard upper extremity motor rehabilitation or upper extremity treatment with sonification techniques. The Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale, Box and Block Test and the Modified Ashworth Scale were used to perform motor assessment and the McGill Quality of Life-it and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale to assess quality of life and pain. The assessment was performed at baseline, after 2&nbsp;weeks, at the end of treatment and at follow-up (1&nbsp;month after the end of treatment). Total scores of the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Scale (primary outcome measure) and hand and wrist sub scores, manual dexterity scores of the affected and unaffected limb in the Box and Block Test, pain scores of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (secondary outcomes measures) significantly improved in the sonification group compared to the standard of care group (time*group interaction &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that music-based sonification sessions can be considered an effective standardized intervention for the upper limb in subacute stroke rehabilitation