Throughput-based Design for Polar Coded-Modulation

Typically, forward error correction (FEC) codes are designed based on the minimization of the error rate for a given code rate. However, for applications that incorporate hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol and adaptive modulation and coding, the throughput is a more important performance metric than the error rate. Polar codes, a new class of FEC codes with simple rate matching, can be optimized efficiently for maximization of the throughput. In this paper, we aim to design HARQ schemes using multilevel polar coded-modulation (MLPCM). Thus, we first develop a method to determine a set-partitioning based bit-to-symbol mapping for high order QAM constellations. We simplify the LLR estimation of set-partitioned QAM constellations for a multistage decoder, and we introduce a set of algorithms to design throughput-maximizing MLPCM for the successive cancellation decoding (SCD). These codes are specifically useful for non-combining (NC) and Chase-combining (CC) HARQ protocols. Furthermore, since optimized codes for SCD are not optimal for SC list decoders (SCLD), we propose a rate matching algorithm to find the best rate for SCLD while using the polar codes optimized for SCD. The resulting codes provide throughput close to the capacity with low decoding complexity when used with NC or CC HARQ

Space-Time Signal Design for Multilevel Polar Coding in Slow Fading Broadcast Channels

Slow fading broadcast channels can model a wide range of applications in wireless networks. Due to delay requirements and the unavailability of the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), these channels for many applications are non-ergodic. The appropriate measure for designing signals in non-ergodic channels is the outage probability. In this paper, we provide a method to optimize STBCs based on the outage probability at moderate SNRs. Multilevel polar coded-modulation is a new class of coded-modulation techniques that benefits from low complexity decoders and simple rate matching. In this paper, we derive the outage optimality condition for multistage decoding and propose a rule for determining component code rates. We also derive an upper bound on the outage probability of STBCs for designing the set-partitioning-based labelling. Finally, due to the optimality of the outage-minimized STBCs for long codes, we introduce a novel method for the joint optimization of short-to-moderate length polar codes and STBCs

Pengukuran dan Profiling Kerentanan Sosial Terhadap Bencana Alam di Indonesia Tahun 2019

Nowadays, natural hazards are often seen from the nature perspective only. However, it is necessary to know not only about the hazards, but also the community resilience to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters based on the social characteristics which are called social vulnerability. This study provides the identification of social vulnerability to natural hazards condition and characterization of the dominant factors at the district level in Indonesia using secondary data. The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce 13 district-level variables into 4 components that represents the driving factors of social vulnerability. The results of PCA are used to quantify the social vulnerability level of the districts in Indonesia using social vulnerability index (SoVI), followed by the deeper exploration of social vulnerability problem using K-Means Clustering. The SoVI and cluster results were mapped by using QGIS to identify the social vulnerability at districts level. The research shows that most districts in Indonesia are at a low-level vulnerability. The districts with low vulnerability are spread in the Sumatera and Kalimantan area. However, there are 43 Districts in Eastern Indonesia are in a high-level vulnerability. These districts also suffer many problems, such low sosioeconomic status. The results of this study support not only the previous social vulnerability studies but also the government as the policymakers by setting priority regions and allocating the policies according to main social vulnerability problem of each district, especially in the most vulnerable regions.Hingga saat ini, bencana alam masih sering dilihat dari perspektif alam saja. Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa bencana alam tidak hanya tentang bahaya, tetapi juga ketahanan masyarakat untuk mempersiapkan, merespons, dan pulih dari bencana berdasarkan karakteristik sosial yang disebut sebagai kerentanan sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan identifikasi kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana alam dan karakteristik dari faktor-faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi kerentanan pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia menggunakan data sekunder. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) digunakan untuk mereduksi 13 variabel ditingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi 4 komponen yang mewakili faktor pendorong kerentanan sosial di Indonesia. Hasil dari PCA digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kerentanan sosial di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Social Vulnerability Indeks (SoVI). Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis yang lebih dalam menggunakan K-Means Clustering. Hasil SoVI dan Cluster kemudian dipetakan dengan menggunakan QGIS untuk mengindentifikasi kerentanan sosial ditingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kabupaten/kota di Indonesia berada pada level tingkat kerentanan yang rendah. Kabupaten/kota dengan tingkat kerentanan yang rendah tersebar di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Namun, terdapat 43 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia timur yang memiliki tingkat kerentanan sosial sangat tinggi terhadap bencana alam. Kabupaten/kota ini juga mengalami beberapa masalah seperti rendahnya status sosial ekonomi. Hasil penelitian ini tidak hanya mendukung studi kerentanan sosial sebelumnya tetapi juga pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan dengan menetapkan wilayah prioritas dan mengalokasikan kebijakan sesuai dengan masalah kerentanan sosial utama pada setiap kabupaten/kota, terutama wilayah yang paling rentan

Dasar-dasar farmakologi 1 kelas X semester 1

Bahan ajar mata pelajaran dasar-dasar farmakologi ini menjelaskan hal yang berkaitan dengan lingkup kesehatan, sejarah farmakologi, istilah medis, spesialite obat di bidang farmakologi

Aristotle's Explanation for the Value of the External Goods

An interpretation of how Aristotle explains the value of worldly goods within the terms of his ethical theory in the Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle claims that to live in a worthwhile and subjectively satisfying way--that is, to achieve eudaimonia--one needs such things as honor, wealth, friends, and political power. He groups these things together as the external goods, since they are all external in a spatial sense from the perspective of any given person. It is clear that people almost always attach value to such things, but it is less clear why Aristotle should. My aim is to explain why Aristotle regards these things as important, and--in a more formal sense--how far his definition of eudaimonia explains their value. On Aristotle's formal theory, the external goods ought to gain value through some relation to excellent rational activity, but fleshing out the details of this relation raises problems. Chapter 2 assesses Aristotle's formal argument for the value of such goods at NE I.1099a31-b8, chapter 1 develops an account of Aristotle's method in order to support this assessment, and chapter 3 considers the kinds of explanations for the value of the external goods available to Aristotle in terms of his account of action. Chapter 4 draws on the results of the earlier chapters to assess Aristotle's position on moral luck--that is, how Aristotle regards his various categories of value as depending upon factors outside of the agent's control. My aim throughout is to consider how successfully Aristotle draws on his formal theory in order to explain the value of the external goods as well as external things in the broadest sense

Updating Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) Document: Case Study at Schneider Electric Cikarang, Indonesia

Occupational Health and Safety plays a crucial role in the institution or organization. The purpose of Occupational Health and Safety (OHSAS) is to ensure the health and safety of the work. To fulfil the purpose, the institution or organization need to have a good work safety and health management system. OHSAS 18001: 2007 is an international standard for the implementation of work safety and health management system. One of the clauses contained in OHSAS 18001: 2007 are hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining controls and these can be documented in the HIRADC (Hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining control) document. HIRADC is divided into three parts: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control. HIRADC, which is annually reviewed and updated by the management, discovers and controls the potential hazards that exist around the working environment. It goes in line with OSHAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004. Keywords: risk management, safety and health management system, workplace hazar

Coordinate Interleaved Faster-than-Nyquist Signaling

Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is an attractive transmission technique which accelerates data symbols beyond the Nyquist rate to improve the spectral efficiency; however, at the expense of higher computational complexity to remove the introduced intersymbol interference (ISI). In this work, we introduce a novel FTN signaling transmission technique, named coordinate interleaved FTN (CI-FTN) signaling that exploits the ISI at the transmitter to generate constructive interference for every pair of the counter-clockwise rotated binary phase shift keying (BPSK) data symbols. In particular, the proposed CI- FTN signaling interleaves the in-phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) components of the counter-clockwise rotated BPSK symbols to guarantee that every pair of consecutive symbols has the same sign, and hence, has constructive ISI. At the receiver, we propose a low-complexity detector that makes use of the constructive ISI introduced at the transmitter. Simulation results show the merits of the CI-FTN signaling and the proposed low-complexity detector compared to conventional Nyquist and FTN signaling

Enabling Sphere Decoding for SCMA

In this paper, we propose a reduced-complexity optimal modified sphere decoding (MSD) detection scheme for SCMA. As SCMA systems are characterized by a number of resource elements (REs) that are less than the number of the supported users, the channel matrix is rank-deficient, and sphere decoding (SD) cannot be directly applied. Inspired by the Tikhonov regularization, we formulate a new full-rank detection problem that it is equivalent to the original rank-deficient detection problem for constellation points with constant modulus and an important subset of non-constant modulus constellations. By exploiting the SCMA structure, the computational complexity of MSD is reduced compared with the conventional SD. We also employ list MSD to facilitate channel coding. Simulation results demonstrate that in uncoded SCMA systems the proposed MSD achieves the performance of the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Additionally, the proposed MSD benefits from a lower average complexity compared with MPA.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Letter

Design and Analysis of a New Natural Illumination Device through Lumen Method Approach

The design and development of a natural illumination device (NID) for Malaysian roofing system is explored and improved with the aid of Lumen Method Approach at the analysis stage. The aim of this research is to channel and distribute natural sunlight from exterior to interior building to enlighten the required space in a daytime. It is made up of three main parts; dome as light collector, light tube as light reflector and light diffuser as light distributor. The result shows illuminance level for the NID in full summer sun and overcast summer sun conditions are higher than T8 fluorescent lamp