Natural variability of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and metal concentrations during the last 150 years in the Ingøydjupet trough, SW Barents Sea.

Submitted manuscript version. Published version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.09.005While today the SW Barents Sea is a relatively un-impacted and uncontaminated area, industrial activities related to the petroleum industry are projected to increase in the coming decades. This makes the area a valuable natural laboratory to establish pre-impacted baselines as a precursor for future seabed monitoring programs. Here we present benthic foraminiferal assemblages and metal concentrations in four sediment cores from the Ingøydjupet trough, SW Barents Sea, covering approximately the last 150 years. This information supports the application of foraminiferal assemblages as a bio-monitoring tool applicable in high latitudes. At all stations, metal concentrations in the sediment correspond to no effect concentrations. The downcore metal concentrations are mainly attributed to natural variability of the clay fraction and total organic content of the sediments. Agglutinated foraminifera are poorly preserved down-core. Patterns in the calcareous foraminiferal assemblages suggest an enhanced food supply as a result of increased Atlantic Water inflow through the region during the last 150 years. At near-shore stations, the Norwegian Coastal Current additionally influences assemblages. Decadal scale climatic oscillations are indicated by increased calcareous fluxes and are attributed to variability in the food-rich Atlantic Water. This study serves as an important baseline data set prior to increasing industrial activities in the SW Barents Sea, and thereby contributes to a better understanding of natural environmental variability

Supplier incentives to invest in buyer promoted sustainability activities in the supply chain

Using a combined conceptual and single case-based research methodology, we explore the process connecting a buyers attempt to transfer its sustainability requirements with its suppliers’ willingness to participate. We conclude that buyer promoted sustainability practices in the supply chain can be understood as multiple decision problems. The case illustrate how accounting devices play major roles in resolving these decision problems, and how decision criteria apparently unconnected to the sustainability issue affect the outcome of the sustainability transferral process in the supply chain

Oceanic heat advection to the Arctic in the last Millennium

EGU2011-8738 At present, the Arctic is responding faster to global warming than most other areas on earth, as indicated by rising air temperatures, melting glaciers and ice sheets and a decline of the sea ice cover. As part of the meridional overturning circulation which connects all ocean basins and influences global climate, northward flowing Atlantic Water is the major means of heat and salt advection towards the Arctic where it strongly affects the sea ice distribution. Records of its natural variability are critical for the understanding of feedback mechanisms and the future of the Arctic climate system, but continuous historical records reach back only ca. 150 years. To reconstruct the history of temperature variations in the Fram Strait Branch of the Atlantic Current we analyzed a marine sediment core from the western Svalbard margin. In multidecadal resolution the Atlantic Water temperature record derived from planktic foraminifer associations and Mg/Ca measurements shows variations corresponding to the well-known climatic periods of the last millennium (Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, Modern/Industrial Period). We find that prior to the beginning of atmospheric CO2 rise at ca. 1850 A.D. average summer temperatures in the uppermost Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean were in the range of 3-4.5°C. Within the 20th century, however, temperatures rose by ca. 2°C and eventually reached the modern level of ca. 6°C. Such values are unprecedented in the 1000 years before and are presumably linked to the Arctic Amplification of global warming. Taking into account the ongoing rise of global temperatures, further warming of inflowing Atlantic Water is expected to have a profound influence on sea ice and air temperatures in the Arctic

Ключові проблеми опанування культурою мовлення (за епістолярною спадщиною Ганни Черінь)

And in Ukraine, and in the diaspora, the task of the Ukrainian language school curriculum is to develop the proper language skills, the language of instruction of the students, and their ability to exchange meaningful thoughts. The article deals with linguistic communication on concrete examples, for which the form of the letter is chosen, his children address the famous literary critic Anna Czeryn. The writer is attentive to the student's epistol, everyone answers. At the same time, the duty of the teacher-translator is to teach children fluent in a language that functions in two forms – oral and written. The main thing in the proposed article is the rise of the culture of oral and written speech, which is the most urgent problem at all times before school education.І в Україні, і в діаспорному середовищі, завдання курсу української мови полягає в тому, щоби виформовувати належну мовну грамотність, культуру мовлення учнів, студентів закладів вищої освіти, уміння змістовно грамотно обмінюватися думками. У статті розкрито на конкретних прикладах мовну комунікацію, для цього обрано форму листа, його діти адресують відомому літератору Ганні Черінь. Письменниця уважно ставиться до епістоли школярів, кожному відповідає. При цьому береться до уваги й обов’язок учителя-словесника формувати культуру мовлення учнів і в усній, і в письмовій формах. Головне у пропонованій статті – це піднесення мовної культури, що є найактуальнішою проблемою в усі часи перед освітою

Therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms induces expansion of specific T cells in the periphery but specific T cells fail to enrich in the bone marrow

BackgroundTherapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant calreticulin (CALR) in patients with CALR-mutant (CALRmut) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) induces strong T-cell responses against mutant CALR yet fails to demonstrate clinical activity. Infiltration of tumor specific T cells into the tumor microenvironment is needed to attain a clinical response to therapeutic cancer vaccination.AimDetermine if CALRmut specific T cells isolated from vaccinated patients enrich in the bone marrow upon completion of vaccination and explore possible explanations for the lack of enrichment.MethodsCALRmut specific T cells from four of ten vaccinated patients were expanded, enriched, and analyzed by T-cell receptor sequencing (TCRSeq). The TCRs identified were used as fingerprints of CALRmut specific T cells. Bone marrow aspirations from the four patients were acquired at baseline and at the end of trial. T cells were enriched from the bone marrow aspirations and analyzed by TCRSeq to identify the presence and fraction of CALRmut specific T cells at the two different time points. In silico calculations were performed to calculate the ratio between transformed cells and effector cells in patients with CALRmut MPN.ResultsThe fraction of CALRmut specific T cells in the bone marrow did not increase upon completion of the vaccination trial. In general, the T cell repertoire in the bone marrow remains relatively constant through the vaccination trial. The enriched and expanded CALRmut specific T cells recognize peripheral blood autologous CALRmut cells. In silico analyses demonstrate a high imbalance in the fraction of CALRmut cells and CALRmut specific effector T-cells in peripheral blood.ConclusionCALRmut specific T cells do not enrich in the bone marrow after therapeutic cancer peptide vaccination against mutant CALR. The specific T cells recognize autologous peripheral blood derived CALRmut cells. In silico analyses demonstrate a high imbalance between the number of transformed cells and CALRmut specific effector T-cells in the periphery. We suggest that the high burden of transformed cells in the periphery compared to the number of effector cells could impact the ability of specific T cells to enrich in the bone marrow