Vibrational relaxation of diatomic molecules in solids at low temperatures

The application of a hemiquantal method to the specific problem of the vibrational relaxation of a diatomic molecule embedded in a one dimensional lattice is presented. The vectorization of a CYBER 205 algorithm which integrates the 1,000 to 10,000 simultaneous hemiquantal differential equations is examined with comments on optimization. Results of the simulations are briefly discussed

A retrospective on the Asian crisis of 1997: was it foreseen?

Financial crises ; Asia

Rising interest rates, bank loans, and deposits

The authors show how the relationships between interest rate changes, deposit growth rates, and loan growth rates have changed in the last ten years, discuss some possible reasons, and assess the likely impact of rising interest rates on loans and deposits going forward.Bank loans ; Bank deposits ; Interest rates

Integrating Preclinical and Clinical Models of Negative Urgency

Overwhelming evidence suggests that negative urgency is robustly associated with rash, ill-advised behavior, and this trait may hamper attempts to treat patients with substance use disorder. Research applying negative urgency to clinical treatment settings has been limited, in part, due to the absence of an objective, behavioral, and translational model of negative urgency. We suggest that development of such a model will allow for determination of prime neurological and physiological treatment targets, the testing of treatment effectiveness in the preclinical and the clinical laboratory, and, ultimately, improvement in negative-urgency-related treatment response and effectiveness. In the current paper, we review the literature on measurement of negative urgency and discuss limitations of current attempts to assess this trait in human models. Then, we review the limited research on animal models of negative urgency and make suggestions for some promising models that could lead to a translational measurement model. Finally, we discuss the importance of applying objective, behavioral, and translational models of negative urgency, especially those that are easily administered in both animals and humans, to treatment development and testing and make suggestions on necessary future work in this field. Given that negative urgency is a transdiagnostic risk factor that impedes treatment success, the impact of this work could be large in reducing client suffering and societal costs

Preparing the Future, Healing the Past, & Being in the Moment with Teachers as they Indigenize the Way They Teach

This research study will interview participants from the first cohort of the Indigenizing Pedagogy Institute at the University of Washington Tacoma. The current educational system is failing to adequately serve American Indian/Alaska Native Students\u27 Educational needs. Education creates knowledge, develops our political and civic goals, and systemically influences socialization and how we see ourselves and others; it determines our economic future and well-being. We must modify our pedagogy if we are to meet the needs of American Indian/Alaska Native Students

Post Evaluation of a Nurse Driven Early Mobility Program

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a recently implemented nurse driven early mobility program on patients in two Trauma Surgical Intensive Care Units at the University of Kentucky HealthCare (UKHC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a recently implemented nurse driven early mobility program (NDEMP) on patients in two Trauma Surgical Intensive Care Units at the University of Kentucky HealthCare (UKHC). Nursing staff are responsible for mobilizing patients to their maximum ability twice daily in addition to any therapy provided by Physical and Occupational Therapists. The study was an uncontrolled before and after design using retrospective data analysis. UKHC employs a mobility score, a tool developed by a UKHC multidisciplinary team including nurses and physical therapists. The mobility score was chosen because the nurse can quickly assess the patient’s mobility level in a quick, easy and reproducible manner. The mobility score in the ICU had a statistically significant increase in the pre-intervention mobility score of 5.7 to a post-intervention mobility score of 7.9. Hospital mobility score showed an increase of 7.5 pre-intervention to a 7.9 post-intervention score, which was also statistically significant. Ventilator mean days decreased from 2.2 pre-intervention to 1.9 post-intervention and pneumonia decreased from 7.3% pre-intervention to 5.7% post-intervention. This was not statistically significant but it did trend in the right direction. The VTE rate increased (pre = 3.0% vs. post = 4.8%) but was a non-statistically significant increase. Mean days in the ICU increased from pre-intervention of 5.7 mean days to 5.8 mean days post-intervention but was not statistically significant. A non-significant decrease in discharge to home (pre = 98.3% vs. post = 96.5%) was also found. There were no appreciable decreases in length of stay. Within a very short time frame, the TSSNDEMP showed a reduction in ventilator days and pneumonia as well as a significant increase in ICU and hospital discharge mobility scores. No adverse events occurred during the study. The success of this program supports the ability of nursing to mobilize patients safely utilizing the existing multidisciplinary team rather than adding staff

Asset price bubbles: implications for monetary, regulatory, and international policies

Monetary policy ; Price regulation

An Analysis of Factors Related to Participation in Public School Adult Education Programs by Kentucky School Superintendents

The purpose of this study was to identify some of the variables which may be factors in the decision of Kentucky public school superintendents to develop adult education programs in their school district. A mail questionnaire was developed and submitted to ail of Kentucky\u27s 189 public school superintendents. Two groups of superintendents were compared; the experimental group was comprised of ninety-three superintendents who elected to implement adult education programs; while the control group consisted of ninety-six superintendents who did not implement adult education programs. Returns were received from eighty-five of the superintendents in the experimental group and seventy-three of the superintendents in the control group. An 84 percent questionnaire return was achieved for this study. Eleven null hypotheses were tested to determine differences between the experimental and control groups in regard to the following variables: (I) educational attainment level, experiences as an educator and age, (2) type of community served by the superintendent, and (3) superintendents\u27 perceptions about adult education programs. Four of the eleven hypotheses were rejected at the .05 level of confidence. The statistical techniques employed in the data analysis included the t-test and chi-square. The t-test was utilized to test for differences between the means for variables; while chi-square was used to test for differences between the distribution for variables. For those variables related to the superintendents\u27 professional preparation and experience, the findings indicated that: (I) superintendents who participate in adult education programs possess a significantly higher educational attainment level (Master\u27s Degree plus 30 credits and beyond) than non-participating superintendents; (2) superintendents who decide to have adult education programs have significantly fewer years of experience as a principal than superintendents without programs; (3) there were significantly more program participating superintendents with assistant secondary principal and other types of prior leadership experiences than non-participating superintendents; and (4) the superintendents\u27 type of prior teaching experience and age appeared not to be significant factors in their decision to have programs. The findings indicated that the type of community served by the superintendent does not seem to be a factor in his decision to implement adult education programs. For those variables related to the superintendents\u27 perceptions, the results of this study indicated that: (I) the superintendents\u27 perceptions regarding adult education programs in general, the Revised Adult Education Act of 1966, and the Adult Education Unit\u27s operation of adult education programs were not significant factors in their decision to develop adult education programs; and (2) the superintendents\u27 perceptions of the need for adult education programs seemed to be significant factors in their decision to implement programs. Although the superintendents\u27 solicited comments and recommendations about to be significant factors adult education programs, adult education did not appear in their decision to develop most of the superintendents in both groups that responded: (1) felt that adult education programs (ABE/GED) have been successful and are important to adults, and (2) expressed a need for adult education programs to be implemented, expanded and made more comprehensive

Elucidation of pharmacologically manipulated responding in the delay discounting task in high alcohol preferring mice

Impulsive behavior is the hallmark of many psychopathologies. Uncovering the neurobiological mechanisms driving impulsivity is paramount in the development of through the delay discounting (DD) task in both human and animal models. The present study is an examination of the predictive validity of the two primary types of DD procedures in animals, the Adjusting Amounts (AA) and within session Increasing Delays (ID) tasks. Methods:Subjects were administered either1.25 mg/kg d-amphetamine (AMP), 1.5 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) or saline and tested in either the AA or ID method for 15 days to evaluate drug effects on impulsive behavior. Results: Stimulant administration resulted in a reduction of impulsivity in the AA group, but had no effect in the ID group. There was no effect on impulsivity of EtOH administration in AA or ID groups. Conclusion: Given the ability of stimulant administration to reduce impulsivity in clinical studies, the AA version of DD provides the best predictive validity for the animal mode