Identifying leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 in durum wheat using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important disease affecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean region. The disease can be controlled through the use of plant host resistance. Based on seedling resistance tests of 103 durum genotypes against a bulk of P. triticina, urediniospores were previously collected from Syria and Lebanon during 2007/08 and 2008/09 growing seasons. Percentage of resistance in the durum set tested was up to 52%. The resistant genotypes might have one of the following resistance gene(s): Lr15, Lr 19, Lr 24, Lr 25, Lr 27 +31, Lr 28 and Lr 29. Results revealed that the Gb/130-bp polymorphic band was linked to Lr19 and Sr25. In this study, twelve genotypes carrying resistance to Lr19 and Sr25 have been identified (Azeghar2, Rutucha1, Ammar9/Azeghar2, Ammar9/Terbol97-4, T.polonicum9/Ch1//Icamor-TA04-68/3/Icamor-TA04-69//(Lahn/ Ch1)2519, Arislahn5//Icamor-TA04- 63/Icasyr1, T.dicoccum1/Ch1//Ammar8/3/Bonadur/Icamor-TA04-63, Mrb3/ T. urartu500651/4/Icamor- TA04-63/3/Bcr/Gro1// Mgnl1, SwAlg/Gd1-81 //Ch1-48, Icamor-TA04-1//Mgnl3/Ainzen1, 319-ADDO/5/D68-1- 93A-1A//Ruff/Fg/3/Mtl5/4/Lahn, and Mrf1/Stj2/3/1718/BT24//Karim). Promising results on Gb/130-bp and genotypes carrying Lr19 and Sr25 will be used in a marker assisted selection of the durum breeding programs in the Mediterranean region.Key words: Puccinia triticina, durum genotypes, Syria, Lebanon, Lr19, Sr25, Gb primer

Anarchism Movement As Depicted In Erin Gruwell’s The Freedom Writers Diary

Erin Gruwell’s The Freedom Writers Diary is a book which highlights the problem that occurs in American education. It does not just shows the reader how the education is run, but it presents the social condition of the education itself. It relates with some notable issues namely inequality, racial tension and class struggle which then were explored with Anarchism perspective. Therefore this research investigates what characteristics and indicators of Anarchism are described in the Freedom Writers Diary, how the depiction of Anarchism is described, and how the effect of the Freedom Writers Diary to the larger society is revealed. In conducting this research, this research applied descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research was taken from the dialogues and statements in the book and from other sources. The instrument of this research is the researcher himself who collects, analyzes, and presents the data findings of the research then draws the conclusions. The result of the analysis shows: (1) The anarchism characteristics in the Freedom Writers Diary are Liberty, Equality and Solidarity. (2) There are eight indicators of characteristics of Anarchism. (3) The Anarchism is depicted in the Freedom Writers Diary through the plot, character and characterization and the author’s style. (4) The release of the Freedom Writers Diary gives some effect to the larger society, it encourages the rise of tolerance and awareness of disadvantaged students

Strategi Pengembangan Agrowisata Belimbing berbasis Community Based Tourism di Karangsari, Kota Blitar, Jawa Timur

Penerapan prinsip Community Based Tourism pada bidang ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik dan lingkungan berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat adalah semua indikator dalam prinsip Community Based Tourism sudah diterapkan kecuali dalam bidang lingkungan pada indikator penggunaan tempat sampah terpisah belum diterapkan. Partisipasi masyarakat Kelurahan Karangsari dalam tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi masuk kategori rendah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masyarakat yang dilibatkan hanya yang menjadi pengelola, petani maupun pedagang Agrowisata. Sedangkan pada tahap menikmati hasil, partisipasi masyarakat masuk kategori tinggi. Partisipasi masyarakat tidak dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal, dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi dari analisis korelasi Rank Spearman dari hubungan faktor internal dan faktor eksternal terhadap partisipasi masyarakat >0.05. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan Agrowisata Karangsari tidak tergantung pada karakteristik individu seperti usia, anggota keluarga, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan, lama tinggal di lokasi dan intensitas sosialisasi. Skor dari faktor kekuatan dan kelemahan dikombinasikan sehingga mendapatkan total skor faktor internal 1.39. Sedangkan total skor faktor peluang dan ancaman yang merupakan kombinasi dari faktor eksternal yaitu 1.03. Strategi yang digunakan pada Kuadran I adalah Strategi Agresif yaitu strategi S-O. Strategi yang harus diterapkan adalah memanfaatkan potensi pekarangan rumah dan kebun warga di sepanjang koridor jalan utama dengan mengoptimalisasi pengelolaan kualitas buah dan pola tanam yang baik untuk dijadikan atraksi wisata pendukung Agrowisata, mempertahankan kualitas buah yang dihasilkan serta memperluas pemasaran dan promosi dengan cara memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi informasi, menyusun paket wisata dan bekerjasama dengan Biro Perjalanan Wisata, meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan lebih sering melibatkan masyarakat sekitar dalam kegiatan pengembangan Agrowisata guna memperkuat sinergi antar masyarakat dan pengelola Agrowisata dan mengembangkan inovasi terhadap konsep Agrowisata agar tidak monoton dan lebih menarik minat pengunjung seperti menambah area outbond, permainan anak, spot fotografi dan tempat peristirahatan di tengah jalur tracking dan penambahan suttle car untuk mempermudah wisatawan lansia.

A preliminary report of an educational intervention in practice management

BACKGROUND: Practice management education continues to evolve, and little information exists regarding its curriculum design and effectiveness for resident education. We report the results of an exploratory study of a practice management curriculum for primary care residents. METHODS: After performing a needs assessment with a group of primary care residents at Wright State University, we designed a monthly seminar series covering twelve practice management topics. The curriculum consisted of interactive lectures and practice-based application, whenever possible. We descriptively evaluated two cognitive components (practice management knowledge and skills) and the residents' evaluation of the curriculum. RESULTS: The mean correct on the knowledge test for this group of residents was 74% (n = 12) and 91% (n = 12) before and after the curriculum, respectively. The mean scores for the practice management skill assessments were 2.62 before (n = 12), and 3.65 after (n = 12) the curriculum (modified Likert, 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). The residents rated the curriculum consistently high. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study suggests that this curriculum may be useful in developing knowledge and skills in practice management for primary care residents. This study suggests further research into evaluation of this curriculum may be informative for practice-based education

Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Bukit Kelam Dalam Rangka Pelestarian Lingkungan (Studi Di Kecamatan Kelam Permai Kabupaten Sintang Kalimantan Barat).

Pengembangan kepariwisataan di Kabupaten Sintang memiliki peran penting dalam kontribusi pembangunan yang bertujuan mendorong serta mengangkat potensi ekonomi sekaligus lapangan kerja, terutama yang bertujuan untuk mendorong bangkitnya pembangunan daerah. Membaiknya perekonomian pada tataran pemerintah daerah tentu akan memberi dampak meningkatnya kesejatehraan masyarakat dan sebagai upaya untuk pelestari budaya dan lingkungan hidup di Kabupaten Sintang. Pemerintah Kabupaten Sintang melalui pelaksanaan teknis bidang kepariwisataan yakni Disporaparekraf selalu memberi dukungan dalam mengembangkan kepariwisataan. Oleh karena itu Pemerintah Kabupaten Sintang melalui Disporaparekraf mempunyai visi dan misi bidang kepariwisataan sebagai berikut Visi Pariwisata Kabupaten Sintang yakni “Terwujudnya Masyarakat Kabupaten Sintang Yang Cerdas, Sehat Berprestasi, Pariwisata yang Maju dan Berdaya Saing” dengan Misi Pariwisata Kabupaten Sintang yakni; a) Menciptakan Produk Pariwisata yang memiliki daya tarik dan menjadi pilihan tujuan secara elegan dan mantap, b) Meningkatkan pelayanan secara profesional dan memiliki daya saing antar daerah. c) Meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mewujudkan pendapatan dari usaha pariwisata yang kreatif, inovatif sebagai modal pokok pertumbuhan ekonomi kerakyatan secara budaya dan sejahtera. d) Melindungi dan menjaga kemitraan secara terbuka bagi dunia usaha atau Investor yang dan menanamkan modalnya dibidang Pariwisata. d) Meningkatkan kerjasama antar daerah untuk mewujudkan paket pilihan sebagai sektor andalan dalam memberikan adanya dukungan pendapatan asli daerah. e) Menciptakan insan pariwisata yang dapat memberikan nuansa karakter budaya daerah yang konsisten dan kondusif. f) Menjaga keutuhan budaya yang merupakan aset bangsa Indonesia yang berbagai ragam budaya adalah merupakan Kekayaan budaya yang dapat dikemas secara baik dan indah untuk dinikmati sebagai Paket Wisata Fisik atau Dinamika Masyarakat Budaya. g) Meningkatkan perawatan dan melestarikan barang museum dan cagar alam yang merupakan bukti fisik peninggalan sejarah, budaya di Kabupaten Sintang. h) Meningkatkan sumber daya aparatur pariwisata melalui pelatihan, sosialisasi teknis Kebudayaan dan pariwisata yang profesional

Pengaruh Budaya Maritim Dan Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Ketahanan Nasional Bidang Maritim.

Indonesia merupakan suatu negara dengan kekayaan sumber daya laut yang melimpah. Kekayaan alam di laut sampai saat ini belum dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kemakmuran bangsa. Hal ini akibat dari bergesernya budaya maritim menjadi budaya agraris untuk mendukung kepentingan penguasa kolonialisme. Kebijakan pemerintah diperlukan untuk mengembalikan visi Negara Indonesia menjadi negara maritim yang kuat dan dapat mensejahterakan rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu model yangmerepresentasikan Pengaruh Budaya Maritim danKebijakan Pemerintah terhadapKetahanan Nasional bidang Maritim. Model hubungan tersebut diperlukan sebagai pedoman dalam merumuskan kebijakan kelautan berdasarkan kekuatan Budaya Maritim yang telah mengakar dalam sejarah bangsa. Selanjutnya dengan metode SEM (Structural Equation Model) dilakukan pendekatan pemodelanyang disusun berdasarkan analisa deskriptif kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan hubungan antar variabel yang disertai dengan indikatornya. Analisapemodelan mendapatkan hubungan signifikan antara Budaya Maritim (X1), Kebijakan Pemerintah (Y1) dan Ketahanan Nasional bidang Maritim (Y4). Adapun indikator variabel yang digunakan adalah Karakter masyarakat (X1.1) dan Aktifitas perekonomian (X1.2), Aktifitas budaya dan tradisi kebaharian (X1.3), Kebijakan pertahanan dan keamanan (Y1.1), Kebijakan ekonomi (Y1.2), Kebijakan teknologi dan pendidikan (Y1.3) serta Kebijakan Sosial Budaya (Y1.4). Sedangkan Ketahanan Nasional dengan indikator: Aspek ideologi (Y4.1), politik (Y4.2), ekonomi (Y4.3), sosial budaya (Y4.4) dan pertahanan keamanan (Y4.5). Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu Goodnes of Fit yang tinggi berupa hubungan yang signifikan antara Budaya Maritim dan Kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap Ketahanan Nasional, dengan formulasi sebagai berikut : Kebijakan Pemerintah = 0.542*Budaya Maritim, Ketahanan Nasional Bidang Maritim = 0.207*Budaya Maritim, Ketahanan Nasional Bidang Maritim = 0.813*Kebijakan Pemerintah dan Ketahanan Nasional Bidang Maritim = 0.813*Kebijakan+ 0.207*Budaya Maritim

Protocol for the saMS trial (supportive adjustment for multiple sclerosis): a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to supportive listening for adjustment to multiple sclerosis

BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an incurable, chronic, potentially progressive and unpredictable disease of the central nervous system. The disease produces a range of unpleasant and debilitating symptoms, which can have a profound impact including disrupting activities of daily living, employment, income, relationships, social and leisure activities, and life goals. Adjusting to the illness is therefore particularly challenging. This trial tests the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention compared to supportive listening to assist adjustment in the early stages of MS.MethodsThis is a two arm randomized multi-centre parallel group controlled trial. 122 consenting participants who meet eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to receive either Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Supportive Listening. Eight one hour sessions of therapy (delivered over a period of 10 weeks) will be delivered by general nurses trained in both treatments. Self-report questionnaire data will be collected at baseline (0 weeks), mid-therapy (week 5 of therapy), post-therapy (15 weeks) and at six months (26 weeks) and twelve months (52 weeks) follow-up. Primary outcomes are distress and MS-related social and role impairment at twelve month follow-up. Analysis will also consider predictors and mechanisms of change during therapy. In-depth interviews to examine participants’ experiences of the interventions will be conducted with a purposively sampled sub-set of the trial participants. An economic analysis will also take place. DiscussionThis trial is distinctive in its aims in that it aids adjustment to MS in a broad sense. It is not a treatment specifically for depression. Use of nurses as therapists makes the interventions potentially viable in terms of being rolled out in the NHS. The trial benefits from incorporating patient input in the development and evaluation stages. The trial will provide important information about the efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of the interventions as well as mechanisms of psychosocial adjustment.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN91377356<br/

In transition: current health challenges and priorities in Sudan

A recent symposium and workshop in Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of Sudan, brought together broad expertise from three universities to address the current burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases facing the Sudanese healthcare system. These meetings identified common challenges that impact the burden of diseases in the country, most notably gaps in data and infrastructure which are essential to inform and deliver effective interventions. Non-communicable diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, renal disease and cancer are increasing dramatically, contributing to multimorbidity. At the same time, progress against communicable diseases has been slow, and the burden of chronic and endemic infections remains considerable, with parasitic diseases (such as malaria, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis) causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial resistance has become a major threat throughout the healthcare system, with an emerging impact on maternal, neonatal, and paediatric populations. Meanwhile, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and poor perinatal outcomes remain common and contribute to a lifelong burden of disease. These challenges echo the UN sustainable development goals and concentrating on them in a unified strategy will be necessary to address the national burden of disease. At a time when the country is going through societal and political transition, we draw focus on the country and the need for resolution of its healthcare needs