547 research outputs found
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR AFFECTING ENGLISH SPEAKING PERFORMANCE FOR THE ENGLISH LEARNERS IN INDONESIA
In every learning situation or environment, human psychology plays a
significant role. English speaking is a language skill that is highly affected by
human psychology. The aim of this study was to find out the psychological factor
that affects most of the Indonesians‘ English speaking performance in order to
propose some solutions to overcome the problem. This study used a descriptive
qualitative research methodology to collect the data. The Indonesians who learnt
English for their undergraduate program had been the population of this study.
The researcher also purposefully selected some Applied Linguistics master
program students in English education at YSU to act as research samples. So, after
having analyzed the collected data from those participants by using some
observations tools to find out the barriers students face in English speaking
performance, it was clear that most of those students‘s desire is to speak English
as well as they speak their first language. Unfortunately, most of them showed
increased levels of anxieties. Although most of the students think that they have a
good level of vocabulary or grammar, they also keep on feeling insecure while
speaking. Most of the barriers were: being worried of making mistakes, feeling
shy, and feeling frustrated while performing in English speaking. Finally, the
researcher has proposed some solutions that are expected to be significant
remedies to overcome the problems mentioned above.
Keywords: English as Foreign Language in Indonesia, English Speaking
difficulties, and Psychological Factor
Results from a study of scintillation behavior at 12, 20, and 30 GHz using the results from the Virginia Tech Olympus receivers
Tropospheric scintillations are rapid fluctuations of signal caused by multiple scattering from the small scale turbulent refractive index inhomogeneities in the troposphere. They can strongly impair satellite communications links operating at frequency above 10 GHz. The VA Tech OLYMPUS propagation experiment which includes 12, 20, and 30 GHz beacon receivers at an elevation angle of 14 degrees provides us with valuable multifrequency scintillation data. A long term analysis of tropospheric scintillation results from the VA Tech OLYMPUS experiment is presented. It includes statistics of both the scintillation intensity and the attenuation relative to clear air as well as seasonal, diurnal and meteorological trends. A comparison with the Consultative Committee for International Radio (CCIR) predictive model for scintillation fading is presented
A Prediction Model that Combines Rain Attenuation and Other Propagation Impairments Along Earth-Satellite Paths
The rapid growth of satellite services using higher frequency bands such as the Ka-band has highlighted a need for estimating the combined effect of different propagation impairments. Many projected Ka-band services will use very small terminals and, for some, rain effects may only form a relatively small part of the total propagation link margin. It is therefore necessary to identify and predict the overall impact of every significant attenuating effect along any given path.
A procedure for predicting the combined effect of rain attenuation and several other propagation impairments along earth-satellite paths is presented. Where accurate models exist for some phenomena, these have been incorporated into the prediction procedure. New models were developed, however, for rain attenuation, cloud attenuation, and low-angle fading to provide more overall accuracy, particularly at very low elevation angles (\u3c10∞).
In the absence of a detailed knowledge of the occurrence probabilities of different impairments, an empirical approach is taken in estimating their combined effects. An evaluation of the procedure is made using slant-path attenuation data that have been collected with simultaneous beacon and radiometer measurements which allow a near complete account of different impairments.
Results indicate that the rain attenuation element of the model provides the best average accuracy globally between 10 and 30 GHz and that the combined procedure gives prediction accuracies comparable to uncertainties associated with the year-to-year variability of path attenuation
Al–Cu intermetallic coatings processed by sequential metalorganic chemical vapour deposition and post-deposition annealing
Sequential processing of aluminum and copper followed by reactive diffusion annealing is used as a paradigm for the metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) of coatings containing intermetallic alloys. Dimethylethylamine alane and copper N,N'-di-isopropylacetamidinate are used as aluminum and copper precursors, respectively. Deposition is performed on steel and silica substrates at 1.33 kPa and 493–513 K. Different overall compositions in the entire range of the Al–Cu phase diagram are obtained by varying the relative thickness of the two elemental layers while maintaining the overall thickness of the coating close to 1 µm. As-deposited films present a rough morphology attributed to the difficulty of copper to nucleate on aluminum. Post-deposition annealing is monitored by in situ X-ray diffraction, and allows smoothening the microstructure and identifying conditions leading to several Al–Cu phases. Our results establish a proof of principle following which MOCVD of metallic alloys is feasible, and are expected to extend the materials pool for numerous applications, with innovative thin film processing on, and surface properties of complex in shape parts
Ethnomedicinal Survey of Some Plants Used for the Treatment of Various Ailments in Gumel Town, Jigawa State, Nigeria
An ethnomedicinal survey was carried out to document medicinal plants used by the people of Gumel Town, Jigawa State, Nigeria. 100 questionnaires were distributed to herbal sellers and old people with traditional medicine knowledge. The result of the research reported 43 plants species belonging to 25 different families used by the people of the study area for the treatment of various ailments. Most of the plants reported belong to the family Fabaceae with 10 species followed by Malvaceae and Moraceae with 3, Apocynaceae, Meliaceae and Rubiaceae each with two species while the rest of the other families were represented with a single species each. Leaves and stem bark were recorded as the plant part mostly use in the treatment of various ailments. Most of the plants surveyed are trees (65.12%), others are shrubs (30.23%) while a few are herbs (4.65%). Some of the plants documented like Azadirachta indica and Ziziphus abyssinica are used in the treatment of more than one ailment. Majority of the traditional medicine practitioners were males of over 50 years of age and with no formal education. This is a serious problem that may lead to the disappearance of this important knowledge and so public awareness, further researches, documentation and preservation of the indigenous knowledge is recommended. Keywords: Ethnomedicine, Medicinal plant, Pile, Ailment, Diarrhea
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