The numerical limit of perception

In this paper I will try to determine the numerical limits of perception and observation in general. Unlike most philosophers who wrote on perception, I will treat perception from a quantitative point of view and not discuss its qualitative features. What I mean is that instead of discussing qualitative aspects of perception, like its accuracy, I will discuss the quantitative aspects of perception, namely its numerical limits. As it turns out, the number of objects one is able perceive is finite, while the number of objects our mind can imagine might be infinite. Thus there must be a level of infinity by which the ‘number’ of objects our mental world can host is bounded. I will use both philosophical assumptions and observations, and mathematical analysis in order to get an estimate of the ‘number’ of objects we could possibly perceive, which surprisingly turns out to be the first level of infinity or the number of natural numbers. I will start by discussing the nature of concrete objects and the way we access them via perception. I will talk about mathematics as well and its relation with perception in order to justify myself for using mathematics as a tool in this paper. After some sections of discussions of various aspects of perception and imagination, I will finally be ready to make a counting and determine what I called “the numerical limits of perception”

Colimits of categories, zig-zags and necklaces

Given a diagram of small categories $F : J \rightarrow \textbf{Cat}$, we provide a combinatorial description of its colimit in terms of the indexing category $J$ and the categories and functors in the diagram $F$. We introduce certain double categories of zig-zags in order to keep track of the necessary identifications. We found these double categories necessary, but also explanatory. When applied pointwise in the simplicially enriched setting, our constructions offer a shorter proof of the necklace theorem of Dugger and Spivak by direct computation.Comment: 29 pages, comments and corrections are welcom

The Effect of Changes in Economic Growth on Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) Problem in the Greek Banking System

The Greek economy was affected very badly by the global economic and financial crisis of 2007-2008. The main reason of this catastrophic event is that the country’s speedy economic and financial growth in the pre-crisis period heavily based on the foreign funds, and the flow of these funds stopped immediately -even turned to opposite direction- with the spread of the crisis to Europe. This negative happening as well as the rearrangement of the public debts and remarkable reduction in the bank deposits led to a big financial crisis, and thus economic recession. Meanwhile, the loan quality in the banking system worsened extremely -almost half of the credits turned to bad loan- due to the macroeconomic deterioration as well as the banks’ very tolerated lending policies before the crisis, the borrowers’ imperfect attitudes, and improper governance. The improvement in NPLs ratio, which started simultaneously with the modest economic recovery in 2017, decreased it to 30.2 percent in 2020 from its peak level of 48.5 percent in 2016. However, a big part of it has been achieved thanks to write-offs and loan-sales.In this study, it was aimed to measure the effect of the changes in economic growth on these drastic changes in NPLs ratio. Although the changes in the gross domestic product (GDP) and NPLs ratio have always been in consistency with the economic theory, except the pandemic year of 2020, the often big differences between their changing rates imply that some other factors have also played significant role on NPLs movements. The findings of some studies for Greece indicate to remarkable impact of both economic growth and the other factors on bad loans issue. The results of our regression analysis also show that the relation between economic growth and NPLs is not so strong.In spite of the noticeable improvement, NPLs ratio is still at a very high level and requires constant remarkable declines in order to come down to the generally accepted levels. To perform this and have economic and financial recovery at the same time, the recovery should not be achieved only by write-offs and portfolio sales, but by collections from borrowers, and executions. The banks and the government should make the necessary changes in their policies and applications so as to decrease NPLs ratio through new lending, compromise with proper borrowers, and court executions. Keywords: Greece, global crisis, sovereign debt crisis, economic growth, non-performing loans. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-12-05 Publication date:June 30th 202

Higher Correspondences, Simplicial Maps and Inner Fibrations

In this essay we propose a realization of Lurie's claim that inner fibrations $p: X \rightarrow C$ are classified by $C$-indexed diangrams in a "higher category" whose objects are $\infty$-categories, morphisms are correspondences between them and higher morphisms are higher correspondences. We will obtain this as a corollary of a more general result which classifies all simplicial maps. Correspondences between $\infty$-categories, and simplicial sets in general, are a generalization of the concept of profunctor (or bimodule) for categories. While categories, functors and profunctors are organized in a double category, we will exibit simplicial sets, simplicial maps, and correspondences as part of a simpliclal category. This allows us to make precise statements and proofs. Our main tool is the theory of double colimits.Comment: Questions, comments and corrections are welcom

A Critical Assessment of Fiscal Policy and Impact on Economic Growth. Albanian and Transition Economies Case

The main focus of this paper is making a critical assessment of possible links that exists between public finance policies and growth during transition period in Albania. Based on panel data technique is tested the impact of government size and the effect of budget deficit in economic growth.On revenue side of public finance are done important reform, such as the introduction of VAT and flat taxes for both personal income tax and corporate income tax. A common trend in the last years has been substantial deduction of corporate income tax. Based on taxation theory are also analyzed, the main determinants of tax performance in selected transition economies.The main findings of this work are that both government size and fiscal deficit are important factors that influence growth performance. The study has found support for negative impact on growth of government size in transition economies.In tax performance evaluation for transition economies, GDP per capita, share of agriculture and share of industry have the expected impact in accordance with tax literature and previous studies. Total government expenditure has a positive impact in tax collection. Shadow economy is important for tax performance; therefore in order for the government to increase tax revenue, the tax evasion should be reduced

SHORT TERM ALBANIAN GDP FORECAST: “ONE QUARTER TO ONE YEAR AHEAD”

In forecasting, macroeconomic variables such as GDP play an important role for policy makers and for the assessment of the future state of the economy. In this paper, different models to forecast quarterly GDP growth in Albania will be presented. The first group of models bases on ARIMA structures. These models are applied directly once on GDP series and then to the main economic activities which are been used to derive GDP. The second group of models for forecast uses VAR model, and the last group are refereed on by the bridge models. In cases were bridge models are used, variables with different frequencies are forecasted for the missing period. After that, all the series are aggregated at quarterly frequencies and are used for GDP forecast. Hence, the bulk of the material is to give comparisons of those models to forecast Albanian quarterly economic growth from one quarter up to four quarters ahead in a pseudo-real time setup

A Framework to Study Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Information Technology in Yemen Government

Organizations around the world are looking for the development and keep up to date with emerging technology. Thus, they pay more intention to develop their technology infrastructure to improve productivity, effectiveness, or to adopt e-government. However, in reality, not all companies adopt and use effectively, or even use, information technology. And in reality, not all employees in organizations accept, adopt, and use effectively, or even use, information technology. When this happens, there is a gap between the ideal and the reality of the actual usage of information technology. As a result, there is need to study and understand the factors affecting the acceptance of technologies. This study aims to test the success of the technology acceptance model in Yemen culture. In addition, This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the acceptance of technology in Yemen public sector. This study developed a framework based on two theories, TAM 2 and UTAUT. In addition, the study added two important factors of organization culture and government support to the key factors in the theory of technology acceptance in order to provide better understanding for the factors influencing the acceptance of information technology among the individual perceptions. survey questionnaire was distributed to 53 government utilities and 357 cases were used in the analysis. Structural Equition Modeling AMOS 18 was used for the analysis of the proposed model, from a total 14 hypothesis, 11 were supported and three hypothesis were rejected. This study provided empirical evidence for the effects of new technology determinants in the government sector. In particular, it has successfully revealed that organization culture, government support, subjective norm, top management support and information quality are important determinants in influencing the adoption of technologies. The findings confirmed the theory of TAM and showed its potential capability in the Middle East, particularly in Yemen

PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT DESA WINNING BERKAITAN DENGAN KEWENANGAN PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG

Dalam pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945 Pasca Amandemen ke-4 menjelaskan bahwa Indonesia adalah Negara hukum. Dalam konsep Negara hukum ini maka kekuasaan Negara kemudian dibagi dan dipisahkan kedalam organ-organ Negara yang diatur didalam konstitusi atau UUD 1945. Pemisahan kekuasaan dimaksudkan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan oleh pihak yang berkuasa. Pemisahan kekuasaan dilaksananakan sesuai dengan prinsip checks and balances. Dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode sosialisasi dan pendidikan hukum  kepada masyarakat dengan cara melakukan melakukan penyuluhan dan memberikan penjelasan serta ceramah kepada masyarakat desa winning Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara yang bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman serta kesadaran tentang pengetahuan dibidang peraturan perundang-undangan berkaitan dengan kewenangan membentuk UU pada lembaga Negara di Indonesia. Dalam struktur ketatanegaraan Indonesia, kewenangan membentuk Undang-Undang adalah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama dengan Presiden untuk mendapatkan persetujuan bersama. Sedangkan DPD sebagai kamar kedua, peranannya hanya bersifat supporting terhadap wewenang DPR dan Presiden. DPD sebagai lembaga yang mengusulkan suatu rancangan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan daerah dan tidak bersifat mandiri seperti DPR dan Presiden. Perlunya penguatan kelembagaan DPD dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia kemudian perlunya sosialisasi yang berkala berkaitan dengan tema –tema pembentukan suatu undang-undang yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat Secara Luas

The mediating effect of output quality on the relationship between top management support and customer satisfaction on the implementation of customer relationship management system in public sector

Aim: Many benefits could be gained when implementing customer relationship management such as leading to increase customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and organization benefits. In addition, it helps the employees to organize their own activities, contacts and documents and provides reports and information for the organization that gives the opportunity and potential for the organization the edge on its competition to focus and see new products and markets. Purpose: The main purpose of this paper was to develop an understanding of the mediating effect of output quality on the relationship between top management support and customer satisfaction on implementation of customer relationship management. Methodology/Approach: The data collection of this study is a survey questionnaire, which is distributed to the employees who is working in organization implemented CRM system in public sector. The questionnaire that is used for the analysis is 356 cases. The data collected is tested and analyzed by using the SPSS and Partial Least Squares (PLS).Findings: The finding showed that the output quality is the important determinants of customer satisfaction of implementation of CRM system, and it mediates the relation between the independent variable (top management support) and the dependent variable (customer satisfaction of implementation of CRM system)