Knowledge and attitudes of high school students about sexually transmitted diseases

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections represent a public health problem of great importance in most parts of the world. Research goal: The primary aim is determine the sexual activity, attitudes and knowledge of high school students about sexually transmitted diseases. Method: The research conducted is the type of study section. In December, 113 students from first to fourth grade from High School Center Foca were surveyed. In the study used an anonymous questionnaire character. The questionnaire in this research was anonymous. Results: 35.4% of respondents were sexually active. The young men were sexually much more active than girls (χ2 = 30,447; p = 0.001). Most sexually active students said that they had their first sexual intercourse at age 15 (50%%). The boys and girls have diametrically opposed attitudes regarding age in which they find it is the optimal time for their sexual activities (χ2 = 20,252; p = 0.001). Students of the third and fourth grade have a much higher level of knowledge compared to the students of the first and second grade (χ2 = 31,791; p = 0.001). Most students would continue to associate with a person even if that person has one of the sexually transmitted diseases (64.6%). Conclusion: The results of this study show that sexual activity of adolescents surveyed is not a mass phenomenon, but that knowledge of students of first and second grades was insufficient, and that there is a need for education of this target group, considering the importance of preserving reproductive health of adolescents, who are the future of preserving population

Satisfaction with the work of nurses

Introduction. Satisfaction with work and experiencing positive emotions at work is considered to be an important part of nursing professional life, and has a significant impact on patient safety, the quality of services provided, commitment and stay in the organization and profession. The aim of this paper was to examine the level of satisfaction with the work of nurses. Material and methods. The research is designed according to the type of cross section study. The research sample consisted of 200 nurses working at the University Hospital Foča, the Health Center Zvornik and the Health Center Istočno Sarajevo. The instruments used in this in research are: sociodemographic questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS). Statistical analysis of data was made using the SPSS software statistical package. Of the statistical tests was used χ2-square test. As a level of statistical significance, the difference was taken as the usual value of p <0.05. Results. Statistically significant negative correlation was established between satisfaction with the work and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents (r = -0,252; p = 0,017). The prospects for improvement are satisfied with 25% of the respondents, 37% had an ambivalent attitude, while 38% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction. Twenty-three percent of respondents are satisfied with communication in the organization of work, 35% are ambivalent, while 42% of respondents are dissatisfied. 21% of the respondents expressed satisfaction with the benefits and on the rewards for a well-done job, 45% were ambivalent, while 34% of the respondents were dissatisfied. Conclusion. The lowest ratings of our respondents in wage domains, rewards for well-designed work and working conditions are probably the result of the economic climate in which lives and works, fixed and inadequate wages and minimum benefits combined with the nature of the work

Applicability and prognostic significance of geriatric assessment

Aging implies a process during which changes occur in the function of all organic systems in the human body. For a detailed assessment of the health status of an elderly person, a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is recommended. CGA is defined as a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach that enables the identification of medical, psychosocial and functional limitations of an elderly person, all with the aim of developing a coordinated plan to improve the health of the elderly person. The aim of this review was to point out the significance, comprehensiveness, applicability and prognostic significance of geriatric assessment based on data from recent literature and by searching available electronic databases. Studies were collected from the electronic databases MEDLINE (via Ovid), Pubmed, COBSON database and Google Scholar database, as well as by manual search of relevant studies cited in the references of key articles. The search for papers as a whole is limited to the English language. All studies that used a comprehensive geriatric assessment in their methodology, in elderly people over 65 years of age, were included. CGA is very important for the elderly, for their families, health systems of countries, health professionals as well as the social community. Interventions resulting from a CGA are one way to improve the performance of activities of daily living in elderly patients. CGA has numerous advantages in practice, it is comprehensive, applicable, economically relatively acceptable and as such can be routinely implemented at different levels of health care. CGA has a high prognostic significance for the early detection of multimodal problems in the geriatric population

Sensory Properties and Color Measurements of Dietary Chocolates with Different Compositions During Storage for Up to 360 Days

In this work sensory characteristics (appearance – color, brilliance, shape and surface; texture – structure, break, firmness and chewiness; aroma – odor and taste) of dietary chocolates of different compositions were evaluated, in parallel with color parameter measurements. Color was determined instrumentally on the top and bottom surfaces, using a “MINOLTA” Chroma meter CR 400 thristimulus colorimeter. Sensory evaluation was performed by a group of experienced panelists immediately after the production (0 – 30 days), and then after 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of storage under ambient conditions (t = 18 – 20°C). Results were statistically analyzed by the two-factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) and with the LSD – test. It was concluded that the storage time up to one year had statistically highly significant (p < 0.01) effects on the sensory attributes of chocolate, as well as on instrumentally measured color parameters

Sensory Evaluation of Pralines Containing Different Honey Products

In this study, pralines manufactured by hand were evaluated sensorially. These pralines were obtained from dark chocolate containing 60% cocoa components, filled with Apis mellifera carnica Poll drone larvae, blossom honey and a blossom honey/pollen mixture from the protected region of Stara Planina-Eastern Serbia (a specific botanical region). The objectives of this study were investigations related to the use of sensory analysis for quality assessment of new functional products with potential benefits for human health, in particular of desserts based on dark chocolate pralines filled with different bee products characterized by a specific botanical and geographic origin, as well as of their storage properties and expected shelf life. Sensory quality (appearance, texture, odor and taste were evaluated by a group of experienced panelists immediately after the production (day 0), and then after 30, 90 and 180 days of storage under ambient conditions (temperature 18–20 °C). The results were statistically analyzed by the two-factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) and with the LSD-test. It is possible to conclude that the storage time and composition of dark chocolate pralines containing different honey-bee products have statistically highly significant (p < 0.01) influence on the sensorially evaluated properties of pralines

Gravity and magnetic separation of lead oxide slag from Žerjav

MPI reciklaža d. o. o., v sodelovanju s podjetjem TAB d. d., zbira svinčeve kislinske akumulatorske baterije in jih reciklira. Podjetji TAB in MPI se nahajata na območju nekdanjega rudnika v Žerjavu. Z recikliranjem baterij proizvajajo kovinski svinec in sekundarno svinčeno žlindro kot odpadni material pri recikliranju. Ocenjuje se, da je na jalovišču 120.000 ton žlindre z okrog 10 % Pb. Letno proizvedejo približno 10.500 ton svinčeve žlindre. V magistrski nalogi smo dokazali, da lahko s kombinacijo kemijskih in fizikalnih metod ločevanja sestavin sekundarne surovine žlindre pridobimo koncentrat preostalih svinčevih mineralov za ponovno pirometalurško recikliranje in druge ekonomske proizvode. Uporabljene analitske metode za določanje mineralne in kemične sestave žlindre so bile rentgenska difrakcija (XRD), rentgenska fluorescenčna spektroskopija (XRF), vrstična elektronska mikroskopija, energijsko disperzijska rentgenska spektroskopija (SEM-EDS) in laserska granulometrija. Sledilo je gravitacijsko in magnetno ločevanje mineralov po frakcijah. Vsebnosti glavnih, stranskih in slednih prvin smo določili z XRF analizo na predhodno pripravljenih vzorcih žlindre iz talilnice Žerjav, med katerimi je najvišja koncentracija Fe z vrednostjo 38,63 %, Pb 9,06 % in Zn 2,99 %. Z XRD analizo smo določili prisotnost magnetita s povprečno vrednostjo 29,9 %, titanomagnetita s povprečno vrednostjo 27,1 % in galenita s povprečno vrednostjo 16 % kot glavnih mineralnih faz. S SEM-EDS analizo smo določili porazdelitev elementov in mineralnih faz ter količinsko vsebnost agregata. Z XRF analizo smo določili 48,41 % Fe v vzorcu z visoko magnetno komponento in 18,04 % Pb v vzorcu z nemagnetno komponento, pripravljeno z magnetnim koncentratorjem. V vzorcu, ločenem po metodi stresalne mize smo izmerili vrednost svinca 55,67 % v težki komponenti in v lahki komponenti istega vzorca smo z XRF analizo izmerili 6,51 % Pb. Rezultati testiranja ločevalnih magnetnih in gravitacijskih metod so pokazali, da je predelava žlindre kot sekundarne surovine izvedljiva in omogoča njeno uspešno recikliranje ter odstranjevanje z deponije in s tem njeno ekološko sanacijo.MPI Recycling d.o.o. with TAB d.d. collects lead-acid batteries and recycles them. TAB and MPI are located in the area of the former mine in Žerjav. By recycling batteries, they produce metallic lead and secondary lead slag as waste material for recycling. It is estimated that there are 120,000 tonnes of slag with around 10 % Pb in the tailings. In the master\u27s thesis we proved that a combination of chemical and physical methods of separating the components of the secondary raw material of slag can obtain a concentrate of residual lead minerals for re-pyrometallurgical recycling and other economic products. The analytical methods used to determine the mineral and chemical composition of slag are X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and laser granulometry. Gravitational and magnetic separation of minerals by fractions was then performed. Contents of the main, side and trace elements were determined by XRF analysis on previously prepared slag samples from the Žerjav smelter, among which the highest concentration is Fe with a value of 38.63 %, Pb 9.06 % and Zn 2.99 %. XRD analysis showed concentrations of magnetite with an average value of 29.9 %, titanomagnetite with average value 27.1 % and galena with an average value of 16 % as the main mineral phases. The distribution of elements and mineral phases and the quantitative content of the aggregate were determined by SEM-EDS analysis. XRF analysis determined 48.41 % Fe in a sample with a high magnetic component and 18.04 % Pb in a sample with a non-magnetic component prepared with a magnetic concentrator. In a sample separated by the shaking table method, the value of 55.67 % Pb in the Δ heavy component and in the Δ light component of same sample 6.51 % Pb was measured by XRF analyses. The results of testing of separation magnetic and gravitational methods have shown that the processing of slag as a secondary raw material is feasible and enables successful recycling of slag and its removal from the landfill and thus its ecological remediation

Psihičke reakcije bolesnika u perioperativnom periodu / Psychological reactions of patients in the perioperative period

Surgical intervention usually leads to fear. The operation has always been emphasized emotional entry into the sphere of the unknown and there is no man with normal psychological defenses that do not feel any discomfort when visiting any operation. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of psychological reactions of patients who were admitted to the surgical treatment, the possibility of exploring measures to overcome possible preoperative and postoperative fear, development of a plan to introduce changes and strategies to overcome the preoperative and postoperative fear and monitoring its implementation.The research was conducted in the surgical unit for anesthesia and resuscitation at University Hospital in Foča during the period from 01.05.2013. until 31.05.2013. year. The study used a descriptive short questionnaire with information on the subject and self-assessment questionnaire for depression.The majority of patients a few days before the operation had diminished interest in the events around them, a feeling of emptiness, indisposition, sleep problems, fatigue. The majority of patients had decreased appetite, weakness of concentration, slow, suicidal ideas. From all examined patients 15% of them showed no physical symptoms, while 85% were showed greater number of physical symptoms in the field of all organ systems. Twenty percent of all examined patients has no signs of depression, a mild form of depression was found in 55% of patients, while the moderately mild form of depression was found in 25% of patients.A well-designed and conducted psychological preoperative preparation is not only an important factor for positive operational outcomes and successful post-operative recovery of patients, but also more durable pledge its rational relationship to health and disease

Health problems of young people in the municipality of Foca / Zdravlje i problemi mladih u opštini Foča

Young people, according to UN defiiniciji, represent the future of every society and they are the most profitable long-term investmentEach year, approximately 1 million teenage girls become pregnant in the world, and every 67 seconds a baby teenager In the adolescent period a large number of young people start with alcohol, coffee, psychotropic substances and smoking. The reasons are most often the desire to prove, identification, affirmation sekusalnog identity, curiosity for the new and unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and knowledge of adolescents about the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol and tobacco, as well as to identify ways in which young people use their free time. The survey was conducted in April 2015, in primary and Secondary School in Foca. The survey included 212 respondents, of different genders and different age groups. Data were collected original survey questionnaire, anonymous character, which contains 14 questions.Both groups of patients in a large percentage stated that they did not try psychoactive substances, as the most common reason for drug use both cited as the main reason for the influence of society. Although sexual activity is still taboo in the RS, alarming data that 19% of ninth grade students sexually active, and to limit entry into sexual relations increasingly lowered.Young in primary and secondary school state that they are sufficiently informed of psychoactive substances, as the most frequent source of information for high school state TV and the Internet, and ninth grade students report that they are parents. In this time of adventure and immature display of defiance social and social norms, young people are very vulnerable group subject to acceptance of various forms of risk behavior

Izloženost stresu medicinskih sestara i tehničara u Kliničkom centru Foča

Uvod. Sestrinstvo je, po svojoj prirodi, profesija koja podrazumjeva visoknivo stresa. Stres ili stresogena reakcija je odgovor organizma na stresogenusituaciju. Zdravstveni radnici su izloženi profesionalnom sagorijevanju prirodomsvoga posla, naročito u kliničko bolničkoj praksi. Cilj ovog rada bio jeda se izvrši identifikacija i analiza stresogenih faktora i procjeni nivo stresana radnom mjestu medicinskih sestara i tehničara.Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u službi internog odjeljenja i službi neurološkogodjeljenja Kliničkog centra Foča, a uzorak su činile zaposlene medicinskesestre i tehničari u ovim službama, koji su anketirani putem anonimnogepidemiološkog upitnika u periodu između februara i marta 2012. godine.Rezultati. Sve anketirane medicinske sestre i tehničari imaju srednje obrazovanje.Većina ispitanika je ženskog pola, na internom odjeljenju 100% i naneurološkom odjeljenju 80%. Preko 30 godina radnog staža ima 75% zdravstvenihradnika na internom odjeljenju i 90% na neurološkom odjeljenju. Odukupnog broja anketiranih medicinskih sestara i tehničara 80%, na internomodjeljenju smatra da je izloženo stresu, a 20% da nije izloženo stresu. Svizdravstveni radnici na internom odjeljenju i 95% na neurološkom odjeljenju,smatraju da su međuljudski odnosi u ovim službama zadovoljavajući.Najveći broj zdravstvenih radnika na internom odjeljenju (75%) i nešto višeod polovine zdravstvenih radnika na neurološkom odjeljenju (55%) smatrada primarni stresor za zdravstvene radnike jesu profesionalni zahtjevi. Svianketirani zdravstveni radnici su u mogućnosti da redovno koriste godišnjeodmore. Najveći broj zdravstvenih radnika (70%) izložen je opasnostima ištetnostima u obje službe.Zaključak. Prikazani rezultati ukazuju da je izloženost zdravstvenih radnikastresu na poslu prisutna u velikom procentu. Svi zdravstveni radnici su umogućnosti da koriste redovno godišnje odmore, a glavni izvor stresa jepreopterećenost poslom i profesionalni zahtjevi

Metode ispitivanja i pokazatelji kvaliteta života

Procjeni kvaliteta života posvećuje se posljednjih godina sve veća pažnjakako na polju prirodnih tako i društvenih nauka. Autori iz različitih oblastipristupaju konceptu kvaliteta života iz perspektive svojih ciljeva istraživanja,tako da je i danas prisutan veliki broj definicija. Kvalitet života je na prvommjestu psihološka kategorija koja ne proizlazi automatski iz zadovoljavanjanekih osnovnih potreba, već iz cjelokupne psihološke strukture pojedincau interakciji s njegovom fizičkom i socijalnom sredinom. Procena kvalitetaživota je složena i može se zasnivati na različitom setu indikatora, koji semogu razlikovati među zemljama, kao i među regionalno-ekonomskim integracijamai organizacijama. Stoga je adekvatan izbor upitnika i najvažnijikorak u njegovoj procjeni