SOBRE POMBOS E GENTE: ALGUMAS OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE DIFERENÇAS ENTRE ESPÉCIES EM ESCOLHA E AUTOCONTROLE

Cross-species continuity in behavior is widely assumed in behavior analysis, and yet some recent research appears to challenge a strong version of the continuity assumption. This paper reviews potential sources of human-nonhuman discontinuity in the area of choice and self-control. Special emphasis is given to differences in the procedures used to study humans and other animals, which hinder cross-species comparisons. Modifying the procedures used with nonhumans (through the use of token-type reinforcement systems) and with humans (through the use of consumable-type reinforcement systems) brings the choice patterns of humans and other animals into better accord. This suggests that at least some of the reported differences in self-control choices in humans and other animals reflect procedural differences rather than more fundamental differences in behavioral process. By narrowing the methodological chasm separating human and nonhuman procedures, this research points to more effective strategies for assessing cross-species continuity in behavior. Key words: choice, self-control, token reinforcement, consumable reinforcement, species continuity.A continuidade no comportamento entre espécies tem sido amplamente assumida na análise do comportamento, embora pesquisas recentes pareçam desafiar uma versão forte do pressuposto da continuidade. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de fontes potenciais para a descontinuidade humano-não humano em escolha e auto-controle. Ênfase especial é colocada nas diferenças nos procedimentos empregados para estudar humanos e outros animais, que dificultam comparações entre espécies. Modificações nos procedimentos empregados com não-humanos (por meio do uso de sistemas de reforço do tipo fichas) e com humanos (por meio do emprego de sistemas de reforço do tipo consumatório) mostram maior acordo nos padrões de escolha de humanos e outros animais. Isto sugere que pelo menos algumas das diferenças relatadas sobre escolhas em procedimentos de autocontrole em humanos e outros animais refletem diferenças de procedimento, mais do que diferenças mais fundamentais em processos comportamentais. Ao estreitar as lacunas metodológicas que separam procedimentos empregados com humanos e não humanos, esta pesquisa aponta estratégias mais efetivas para avaliar a continuidade no comportamento entre espécies.Palavras-chave: escolha, autocontrole, reforçamento por fichas, reforço consumatório, continuidade entre espécies

Leymah Gbowee and the Army of Women in White

This paper describes the founding of peace activist Leymah Gbowee’s Liberia Mass Action for Peace (LMAP) movement that helped to end the Second Liberian Civil War. It provides a biographical account of the life experiences that were crucial for Gbowee to advocate for peace and found the movement. The paper also compares the LMAP movement with the more recent #MeToo movement and analyzes Gbowee’s personal critiques of #MeToo

NASA UAS Intergration in the NAS Project

No abstract availabl

Three Facets of Equity in Steffe's Research Programs

The [National Council of Teachers of Mathematics] NCTM research committee made a recent, urgent call for mathematics education researchers to "examine and deeply reflect on our research practices through an equity lens." With this in mind, we use this paper to reflect on the ways in which Steffe's work has contributed to three facets of equity. We also suggest opportunities for researchers working within this framework to deepen their commitments to issues of equity. [For complete proceedings, see ED581294.

NGSmethDB: a database for next-generation sequencing single-cytosine-resolution DNA methylation data

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) together with bisulphite conversion allows the generation of whole genome methylation maps at single-cytosine resolution. This allows studying the absence of methylation in a particular genome region over a range of tissues, the differential tissue methylation or the changes occurring along pathological conditions. However, no database exists fully addressing such requirements. We propose here NGSmethDB (http://bioinfo2.ugr.es/NGSmethDB/gbrowse/) for the storage and retrieval of methylation data derived from NGS. Two cytosine methylation contexts (CpG and CAG/CTG) are considered. Through a browser interface coupled to a MySQL backend and several data mining tools, the user can search for methylation states in a set of tissues, retrieve methylation values for a set of tissues in a given chromosomal region, or display the methylation of promoters among different tissues. NGSmethDB is currently populated with human, mouse and Arabidopsis data, but other methylomes will be incorporated through an automatic pipeline as soon as new data become available. Dump downloads for three coverage levels (1, 5 or 10 reads) are available. NGSmethDB will be useful for experimental researchers, as well as for bioinformaticians, who might use the data as input for further research