Filozofia starożytnej Grecji w twórczości Władysława Tatarkiewicza do roku 1947 – zarys

Władysław Tatarkiewicz was a Polish scholar, a historian of philosophy, and a philosopher, who studied ancient Greek philosophy throughout his entire research career. His writings in the field of the history of philosophy allow us to conclude that he considered ancient philosophy to be {the foundation of…?}a foundation of European philosophy, which does not seem surprising. Furthermore, his original philosophical works indicate that the investigations of ancient Greeks were his major inspiration. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of those of Tatarkiewicz’s pre-1947 works in which Greek philosophy was explored by him as a topic of his historical research or used as the source of his original philosophical reflection. The analysis of Tatarkiewicz’s works that were focused on Greek philosophy is set in the context of previous research on Tatarkiewicz’s methodology, which allows us to give a preliminary answer to the question of the significance of ancient Greek philosophy for his philosophical development.Władysław Tatarkiewicz to polski uczony, historyk filozofii i filozof, który od początku swojej drogi naukowej, aż do jej końca, badał filozofię starożytnych Greków. Jego twórczość historycznofilozoficzna pozwala wnioskować, że uznawał on filozofię starożytną za fundament filozofii europejskiej, w czym – jak się wydaje – nie ma nic zaskakującego. Z kolei jego oryginalna twórczość filozoficzna świadczy o tym, że dociekania starożytnych Greków były dla niego szczególnie inspirujące. Celem artykułu jest szkicowe przedstawienie tych prac Tatarkiewicza sprzed 1947 roku, w których wątek filozofii greckiej został przez niego podjęty jako przedmiot badań historycznofilozoficznych lub jako źródło refleksji filozoficznej. Analiza twórczości zogniskowana na wątku filozofii greckiej została umieszczona w kontekście dotychczasowych badań nad metodologią Tatarkiewicza, co pozwoliło udzielić wstępną odpowiedź na pytanie o znaczenie antycznej filozofii greckiej dla jego rozwoju filozoficznego

A Bioinformatics Study on Whether or Not Mrub_2763 gene in \u3cem\u3eM. ruber\u3c/em\u3e is Similar to the LpxB Gene in \u3cem\u3eE. coli\u3c/em\u3e and if Mrub_2768 is Similar to the LpxD gene in \u3cem\u3eE. coli\u3c/em\u3e.

This project is part of the Meiothermus ruber genome analysis project, which uses the bioinformatics tools associated with the Guiding Education through Novel Investigation –Annotation Collaboration Toolkit (GENI-ACT) to predict gene function. We investigated the biological function of the gene Mrub_2768 and Mrub_2763. We predict that Mrub_2768 (DNA coordinates 2808186..2809178 on the reverse strand) encodes the enzyme UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine N-acyltransferase (LpxD), which is the third step of the Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway (KEGG map number 00540). It catalyzes the conversion of UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine + a(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp] → a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine. The E. coli K12 MG1655 ortholog is predicted to be b0179, which has the gene identifier LpxD. We also predict that Mrub_2763 (DNA coordinates 2803805..2804974 on the reverse strand) encodes for the enzyme Lipid A disaccharide synthetase (LpxB), which is the fifth step of the Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway (KEGG map number 00540). It catalyzes the conversion of of 2,3-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyol]-α-D-glucosamiyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine → UDP + H + Lipid A disaccharide. Not enough data came up for Mrub_2763 in order to confirm that it was an ortholog of LpxB; the results were inconclusive. The E. coli K12 MG1655 ortholog is predicted to be b0182, which has the gene identifier LpxB

Points fattening on P^1 x P^1 and symbolic powers of bi-homogeneous ideals

We study symbolic powers of bi-homogeneous ideals of points in the Cartesian product of two projective lines and extend to this setting results on the effect of points fattening obtained by Bocci, Chiantini and Dumnicki, Szemberg, Tutaj-Gasi\'nska. We prove a Chudnovsky-type theorem for bi-homogeneous ideals and apply it to classification of configurations of points with minimal or no fattening effect. We hope that the ideas developed in this project will find further algebraic and geometric applications e.g. to study similar problems on arbitrary surfaces.Comment: 12 pages, notes from a workshop on linear series held in Lanckoron

Concept of Formation Length in Radiation Theory

The features of electromagnetic processes are considered which connected with finite size of space region in which final particles (photon, electron-positron pair) are formed. The longitudinal dimension of the region is known as the formation length. If some external agent is acting on an electron while traveling this distance the emission process can be disrupted. There are different agents: multiple scattering of projectile, polarization of a medium, action of external fields, etc. The theory of radiation under influence of the multiple scattering, the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect, is presented. The probability of radiation is calculated with an accuracy up to "next to leading logarithm" and with the Coulomb corrections taken into account. The integral characteristics of bremsstrahlung are given, it is shown that the effective radiation length increases due to the LPM effect at high energy. The LPM effect for pair creation is also presented. The multiple scattering influences also on radiative corrections in a medium (and an external field too) including the anomalous magnetic moment of an electron and the polarization tensor as well as coherent scattering of a photon in a Coulomb field. The polarization of a medium alters the radiation probability in soft part of spectrum. Specific features of radiation from a target of finite thickness include: the boundary photon emission, interference effects for thin target, multi-photon radiation. The experimental study of LPM effect is described. For electron-positron colliding beams following items are discussed: the separation of coherent and incoherent mechanisms of radiation, the beam-size effect in bremsstrahlung, coherent radiation and mechanisms of electron-positron creation.Comment: Revised review paper, 96 pages, 28 figures. Description of SLAC E-146 experiment removed, discussion of CERN SPS experiment adde

Rethinking the test: functional and evolutionary implications

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Stanisław Lisiecki wobec Platońskiej koncepcji wędrówki dusz

Stanisław Lisieckiʼs is an almost completely forgotten Plato researcher. He published Nauka Platona o prabycie duszy [Plato’s Doctrine on the Pre-Existence of the soul] in 1927. Lisiecki in this book presented his interpretation and assessment of Plato’s theory of reincarnation. This book is the main source of the article, which allows to juxtapose Lisiecki’s position with the those of then Polish reincarnation researchers, that is, Wincenty Lutosławski and Paweł Siwek. In his texts on reincarnation (1935, 1937), Siwek clearly referred to Lutosławskiʼs Nieśmiertelność duszy [Immortality of the Soul] (1925), but he completely ignored Lisieckiʼs work. The aim of the article is to present Lisieckiʼs interpretation and assessment of Plato’s concept of metempsychosis, and then place his work against the background of contrary results of Lutosławski and Siwek. Lisieckiʼs reflection on Plato, and especially on his theory of reincarnation, proves that Lisiecki was an unfairly forgotten scholar, who had an enviable abilities of a historian of philosophy, due to he had knowledge and abilities, as well as diligence that predestined to take a place in Polish historiography and reception of Greek philosophy.Stanisław Lisiecki to niemal całkowicie zapomniany badacz Platona. W 1927 r. opublikował on Naukę Platona o prabycie duszy. Lisiecki przedstawił w tym dziele wykład oraz ocenę Platońskiej koncepcji wędrówki dusz. Książka ta stanowi główne źródło artykułu, które pozwala zestawić stanowisko Lisieckiego ze stanowiskami ówczesnych badaczy reinkarnacji jak Wincenty Lutosławski i Paweł Siwek. Siwek w swoich tekstach poświęconych reinkarnacji (1935, 1937) wyraźnie nawiązuje do Lutosławskiego Nieśmiertelności duszy (1925), pomijając całkowicie pracę Lisieckiego. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawić Lisieckiego wykładnię i ocenę Platońskiej koncepcji metempsychozy, by następnie umiejscowić jego postać na tle przeciwstawnych postaw Lutosławskiego i Siwka. Zaprezentowana w artykule refleksja Lisieckiego nad Platonem, Platońską koncepcją reinkarnacji ukazuje go jako postać niesłusznie zapomnianą, tym bardziej że dysponował on wiedzą i umiejętnościami, a także pracowitością, która powinna go predystynować do zajęcia trwałego miejsca w polskiej historiografii i recepecji filozofii greckiej

Hidden diversity of allogromiid foraminiferans in low-latitude environments

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Molecular evolution of foraminiferal tubulins

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Molecular data reveal high taxonomic diversity of allogromiid Foraminifera in Explorers Cove (McMurdo Sound, Antarctica)

Allogromiids are organic-walled or agglutinated, single-chambered Foraminifera, common in deep-sea and polar benthic communities. The simple forms and paucity of distinctive features make allogromiid identification difficult by traditional means. Molecular phylogenetic methods offer alternative tools for species identification and are used here to investigate allogromiid diversity. We obtained 135 partial small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of allogromiids collected in Explorers Cove, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In contrast to the 27 morphotypes identified, phylogenetic analysis revealed 49 molecular types (considered separate species) that differ by more than 5% of sequence divergence. The 49 genetic types form 28 molecular supra-groups that differ by more than 20% and probably represent distinct genera or families. Large genetic distances separating the molecular types indicate unexpectedly high taxonomic diversity. Comparison of our data with sequences of non-Antarctic allogromiids suggests that Explorers Cove species might be endemic and only distantly related to comparable northern hemisphere faun