The Effectiveness of Social Play Therapy To Improve Social Skills And Abilities Of Children With Autism

In the last three years, many children in West Nusa Tenggara, especially in West Lombok Regency in Indonesia, have experienced a developmental disorder called autism. This can be seen from the rise in public attention to include this category of children in schools that hold inclusive classes, such as in Early Childhood Education-Elementary School Lenterahati Islamic Boarding School. The increase in autism is also evidenced by the emergence of various therapy centres for children with special needs, as well as the increasing number of participants enrolled and undergoing therapy. The initial survey results showed seven therapy centres and schools for such children in West Nusa Tenggara, where each centre comprises 25 to 30 students. This means that 375 children in this province suffer from this mental health condition. Therefore, this experience requires many people to think about alternative therapies to help increase positive behaviour and reduce negative symptoms of children with autism. Experts and observers know several alternative therapies, but most have not been fully implemented. This is due to the limited facilities available in therapy centres hence no data and facts show evidence for the effectiveness of applying them to improve the abilities of this category of children. Based on these needs, this research aims to apply therapy with a "social play" model to help improve the positive behaviour of children with autism and determine its contribution to achieving the goals. This therapy is selected as an alternative because it is cheap and can be carried out anywhere and by anyone. It also allows every parent or family with an autistic child to always provide therapy. This is quasi-experimental research, meaning it was not conducted in a laboratory capable of controlling various external factors that might influence changes in the subject's behaviour. The research only consists of the experimental group with male and female subjects and excluded the control due to difficulty getting subjects capable of following the treatment intensely and continuously. The results of data analysis show that group play therapy has a significant effect on improving social skills and abilities for children with autism. This is indicated by the value of z = -2,940, with an increase in the mean of the pre-test and post-test values of 42.9 and 48.5, for 6 weeks. Therefore, there is an increase of 6.3 items from the provision of play therapy.  Research on Social Play Therapy has shown that it can improve social skills and abilities in children with autism due to its play-based approach. This therapy helps children develop social skills such as sharing, turn-taking, and understanding emotions through structured social interactions. Additionally, it provides a supportive environment and trains children to apply the learned skills in their daily lives. With its focus on social interaction and play activities, Social Play Therapy proves to be an effective way to enhance social skills and abilities in children with autism

Silica Sulphuric Acid as an Efficient Catalyst for the Catalytic and Metal-free Oxidation of Aromatic Amines to their Corresponding Nitro Compounds with Sodium Perborate under Micellar Media

Electron-donating substituted anilines were converted to their corresponding nitro compounds with sodium perborate in the presence of a catalytic amount of silica sulphuric acid under micellar media in moderate to good yields.Keywords: Sodium perborate, nitro compounds, silica sulphuric acid, oxidation of aniline

Study of Community Empowerment Models in Padangsidimpuan and South of Tapanuli District

This research discusses about how to increase community empowerment through the dynamic process of human capital and physical capital. The relationship between the capitals and empowerment improvement will be carried out by using the empowerment process as a mediating variable to explain the related activities. The involvement of the government in strengthening and empowering the community through assistance and community self-help requires assistance based on needs and coordination. The collection of the data gained from primary data by administering a survey method particularly by using a questionnaire. There is a correlation in which the higher the empowerment processes the more abilities to create community empowerment will be. The existence of sufficient human resources and natural resources is the main things in empowerment. The application of the results of this study is that empowerment wants the development of human capital, and it will be even better if empowerment is supported by the development of the ability of the perpetrators of empowerment

Nitration of Substituted Phenols by Different Efficient Heterogeneous Systems

Nitration of substituted phenols were carried out by the mixture of sodium nitrite and wet SiO2 (50% w/w) in the presence of four different efficient heterogeneous systems: 1) oxalic acid dihydrate (I), 2) sodium hydrogen sulphate (II), 3) aluminum hydrogen sulphate (III) and 4) silica sulphuric acid (IV) in CH2Cl2 at room  temperature and high yields. Optimum conditions for theses systems and the regioselectivities of the reactions are reported.KEYWORDS: Nitration, nitrophenols, sodium nitrate, oxalic acid dihydrate, sodium hydrogen sulphate, aluminum hydrogen sulphate, silica sulphuric acid, wet SiO2

Review of polymer composites with diverse nanofillers for electromagnetic interference shielding

Polymer matrix composites have generated a great deal of attention in recent decades in various fields due to numerous advantages polymer offer. The advancement of technology has led to stringent requirements in shielding materials as more and more electronic devices are known to cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) in other devices. The drive to fabricate alternative materials is generated by the shortcomings of the existing metallic panels. While polymers are more economical, easy to fabricate, and corrosion resistant, they are known to be inherent electrical insulators. Since high electrical conductivity is a sought after property of EMI shielding materials, polymers with fillers to increase their electrical conductivity are commonly investigated for EMI shielding. Recently, composites with nanofillers also have attracted attention due to the superior properties they provide compared to their micro counterparts. In this review polymer composites with various types of fillers have been analysed to assess the EMI shielding properties generated by each. Apart from the properties, the manufacturing processes and morphological properties of composites have been analysed in this review to find the best polymer matrix composites for EMI shielding

Graphene-Based Nanostructures in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction

Application of graphene-type materials in electrocatalysis is a topic of growing scientific and technological interest. A tremendous amount of research has been carried out in the field of oxygen electroreduction, particularly with respect to potential applications in the fuel cell research also with use of graphene-type catalytic components. This work addresses fundamental aspects and potential applications of graphene structures in the oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Special attention will be paid to creation of catalytically active sites by using non-metallic heteroatoms as dopants, formation of hierarchical nanostructured electrocatalysts, their long-term stability, and application as supports for dispersed metals (activating interactions)

Pengembangan Model Pelatihan Motivasi Berprestasi Untuk Guru PAUD Di Lombok Barat

Motivasi berprestasi guru merupakan kekuatan yang mendorong guru untuk menjalankan tugas sebagai pendidik, pengajar, pembimbing dan pelatih. Guru yang mempunyai motivasi berprestasi akan mempunyai tanggung jawab tinggi untuk bekerja dengan antusias dan sebaik mungkin mengerahkan segenap kemampuan dan keterampilan guna mencapai prestasi yang optimal. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model pelatihan motivasi berprestasi (PMB), dan meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi guru sebagai tujuan akhirnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi dan data dianalisis secara induktif/kualitatif.  Hasil dari uji ahli untuk pengembangan model PMB : pada aspek ketepatan, kegunaan, dan kelayakan tergolong sangat tepat, sangat berguna, dan sangat layak. Hasil dari uji pengguna untuk pengembangan model PMB : pada aspek ketepatan, kegunaan, dan kelayakan tergolong sangat tepat, sangat berguna, dan layak. Rangkaian uji efektivitas mengukur peningkatan aspek-aspek motivasi berprestasi yang terdiri dari 6 aspek yaitu memiliki tingkat tanggung jawab yang tinggi, keberanian mengambil/ memikul resiko, memiliki tujuan yang realistik, memiliki rencana kerja yang menyeluruh dan berjuang untuk merealisasikan tujuan, memanfaatkan umpan balik yang konkret dalam semua kegiatan yang dilakukan, dan mencari kesempatan untuk merealisasikan rencana yang telah diprogramkan. Fokus penelitian pengembangan ini adalah: 1) Pengembangan model pelatihan motivasi berprestasi untuk guru yang menghasilkan model pelatihan motivasi berprestasi dan 2) Pengembangan model pelatihan motivasi berprestasi  untuk guru yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi. Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini  adalah: 1) Menghasilkan model pelatihan motivasi berprestasi untuk guru dan 2) Peningkatan motivasi berprestasi guru melalui pelatihan motivasi berprestasi. Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, mengadopsi teori Reasearch and Development (R & D) Borg and Gall (2012:783). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi (gabungan). Analisis data bersifat induktif/kualitatif, dan hasil penelitian lebih menekankan makna generalisasi. Hasil dari uji ahli dan uji pengguna untuk pengembangan model PMB adalah: penilaian oleh ahli pada aspek ketepatan, kegunaan  dan kelayakan ahli menyatakan bahwa model PMB sangat tepat dan sangat berguna, sedangkan aspek kelayakan ahli menyatakan bahwa model PMB memiliki nilai sangat layak dan layak. Penilaian dari pengguna adalah : penilaian aspek ketepatan pengguna menilai bahwa model PMB ini sangat tepat dan tepat, penilaian aspek kegunaan pengguna menilai sangat berguna dan berguna, penilaian aspek kelayakan pengguna menilai layak pada model PMB, hasilnya dari uji efektifitas produk menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan ini mampu meningkatkan aspek-aspek motivasi berprestasi dengan kategori tinggi sekali, sedangkan hasil Uji efektivitas Model PMB adalah 80% peserta mengalami peningkatan motivasi berprestasi dalam kategori tinggi dan tinggi sekali sehingga disimpulkan bahwa Model PMB efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi guru.

Identifying and mitigating residual vibrations in wave-based control of lumped, flexible systems

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Wave-based control (WBC) is a technique for motion control of under-actuated flexible sys-tems. It envisages actuator motion as launching a motion wave into the system, while simulta-neously absorbing any wave returning from the system. For rest-to-rest motion the net launch displacement is set at half the target displacement. In absorbing the returning wave and vibra-tions, WBC moves the system the remaining distance to the target, with zero steady-state error. The focus of this paper is on very small residual vibrations around the target position which can endure for a long time after arrival at target. This issue was discovered through a recent devel-opment within WBC context on controlling complex two-dimensional, mass-spring, beam-like arrays. To date their existence has been unidentified. This paper investigates and interprets the nature of these vibrations, explains and identifies them based on wave ideas, and finally offers a new wave-based approach to mitigate or suppress them. It also discusses their implication, not just for WBC but for the general problem of control of flexible systems

Bis{(E)-2-eth­oxy-6-[2-(ethyl­ammonio)ethyl­iminometh­yl]phenolato}nickel(II) bis(perchlorate)

In the title centrosymmetric mononuclear nickel(II) complex, [Ni(C13H20N2O2)2](ClO4)2, the NiII atom is four-coordinated by the imine N and phenolate O atoms of the zwitterionic forms of two Schiff base ligands in a square-planar coordination geometry. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the a axis

CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical Conversion

Thermochemical conversion of biomass offers an efficient and economically process to provide gaseous, liquid and solid fuels and prepare chemicals derived from biomass. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling applications on biomass thermochemical processes help to optimize the design and operation of thermochemical reactors. Recent progression in numerical techniques and computing efficacy has advanced CFD as a widely used approach to provide efficient design solutions in industry. This paper introduces the fundamentals involved in developing a CFD solution. Mathematical equations governing the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions in thermochemical systems are described and sub-models for individual processes are presented. It provides a review of various applications of CFD in the biomass thermochemical process field