27 research outputs found

    Um modelo de otimização para o problema integrado de dimensionamento de lotes e programação da produção em fåbricas de refrigerantes

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    O presente artigo apresenta, modela matematicamente e soluciona um problema multi-nĂ­vel integrado de dimensionamento de lotes e programação da produção em um ambiente industrial com mĂĄquinas paralelas que apresentam restriçÔes de capacidade, custos e tempos de preparo dependentes da seqĂŒĂȘncia. O problema Ă© motivado pela realidade encontrada em alguns setores industriais, em particular o de fabricação e engarrafamento de bebidas. Nesse tipo de indĂșstria a produção envolve dois nĂ­veis interdependentes com decisĂ”es relativas Ă  armazenagem das matĂ©rias-primas e ao engarrafamento das bebidas. As diversas matĂ©rias-primas sĂŁo armazenadas em tanques de onde escoam para as linhas de engarrafamento. O desafio Ă© determinar simultaneamente o dimensionamento e a programação de custo mĂ­nimo das matĂ©rias-primas nos tanques e o envasamento de bebidas nas linhas, onde tempos e custos de trocas dependem do tipo de item previamente armazenado e envasado. É proposto um modelo matemĂĄtico inteiro-misto que introduz diversas restriçÔes combinadas que atĂ© entĂŁo costumavam ser tratadas separadamente na literatura. A nĂŁo existĂȘncia de testes com modelos similares nos obrigou a criar um conjunto de instĂąncias para avaliar o modelo e as tĂ©cnicas de solução propostas. As instĂąncias foram solucionadas otimamente por meio do pacote computacional GAMS/Cplex. A solução exata se mostrou viĂĄvel apenas em instĂąncias de pequena dimensĂŁo devido Ă  complexidade do problema em estudo. Os resultados computacionais obtidos pelo GAMS/Cplex sĂŁo apresentados e analisados.<br>The present paper establishes, describes mathematically and solves a multi-level lot sizing and scheduling problem in an industrial set with parallel machines and sequence-dependent setup cost and time. The problem is motivated by real situations found in some industrial settings mainly the soft drink industry. In this kind of industry, the production involves two interdependent levels with decisions about raw material storage and soft drink bottling. The several raw materials are stored in tanks from which they flow to the bottling lines. The challenge is to determine simultaneously the minimum cost lot sizing and scheduling of raw material in tanks and also in the bottling lines, where setup costs and time depend on the previous items stored and bottled. A mixed-integer mathematical model with several combined constrains that use to be handled apart in the literature is proposed. The lack of similar models led us to create a set of instances to evaluate the model and the solution techniques developed. The instances were optimally solved by the GAMS/Cplex software. Due to the problem complexity, it is demonstrated that the use of this optimization package is only viable for small-sized instances. The computational results are showed and analyzed

    sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots

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    Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring
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