“A Matter of Personal Pride”: How African American Football All-Stars Exposed Bigotry in New Orleans, including Didactic Considerations and Lesson Plans

Throughout African American history, sport has played a major role in promoting integration and full participation in American society beyond the playing fields or courts. In the 1960s, after the first wave of African American athletes entering the white-dominated collegiate and professional sports leagues, active forms of protest against racial inequality in the US became gradually more relevant. Though in relatively small numbers, some African American athletes across various sports have used their privileged situation to voice the need for a revision of the system which has failed to represent and serve their people throughout American history. This paper focuses on the boycott of the American Football League (AFL) All-Star Game in New Orleans after African American ball players experienced racial discrimination in the Crescent City. Their decisive action led the league officials to move the game to Houston, but, of course, also impacted New Orleans’ reputation and prestige in a rapidly changing America. Through an analysis of newspaper discourse, this diploma thesis attempts to reconstruct how public opinion about this incident was shaped. Moreover, it will be discussed how the boycott impacted race relations in New Orleans and how the protest became a part of public memory in recent years

Fluid-Dynamic Investigations in a Cold Model for a Dual Fluidized Bed Biomass Steam Gasification Process: Optimization of the Cyclone

Gasification of biomass is an attractive technology for combined heat and power production. Although a great deal of research and development work has been carried out during the past decade the commercial breakthrough for this technology is still not in sight. The optimisation of the operation costs influences significantly the economic efficiency. Especially bed material consumption constitutes a major part of expenses in fluidised bed systems. Thus, cyclones for circulating fluidized beds need to be designed properly. A dual fluidized bed steam gasifier is in commercial operation at the biomass CHP (combined heat and power plant) in Güssing, Austria since 2002. Some erosion and caking in the cyclone of the CHP plant could be observed with increasing hours of operation. The influences of these effects as well as the influence of the solid circulation rate between the two units on the separation efficiency were investigated by fluid-dynamic investigations using a cold model. The results show that due to erosion and caking elutriation rates are increased, especially for smaller particles. However, the cyclone achieves fractional separation efficiencies of more than 99.9%

Dos retornos à África Ocidental: semelhanças e diferenças

There are many studies on communities in Africa founded by so-called “returnees”, but there are no in-depth studies comparing the trajectories of these “returns”. This paper is a comparative study with a specific focus: its central concern is the relations that the returnees – specifically the first two generations – established with the local populations. Besides identifying similarities, the paper points out substantial differences, relating them to specific conjunctures and contexts. The experiences of returnee communities in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Benin and Ghana serve as examples that allow the reconstruction of different “modes” of “reinsertion” of populations, once kidnapped from their communities of origin, into the African continent.Existem diversas pesquisas sobre comunidades na África fundadas pelos chamados “retornados”, mas não há estudos aprofundados que busquem comparar as trajetórias desses “retornos”. O que se propõe neste ensaio é, portanto, um estudo comparativo que tem um foco específico: no centro das preocupações analíticas estarão as relações que os/as retornados/as – mais especificamente as primeiras duas gerações – estabeleceram com as populações locais. Além da identificação de semelhanças objetiva-se apontar para diferenças substanciais e relacioná-las com conjunturas e contextos específicos. As experiências em Serra Leoa, na Libéria, no Benim e em Gana servirão como exemplos que permitem reconstruir “modos” de “reinserção” de populações, sequestradas das suas comunidades de origem, em terras africanas

Racismo na Índia? Cor, raça e casta em contexto

Resumo Cor e raça estão entre as categorias-chave mais comuns usadas nos estudos sobre o fenômeno do racismo no mundo ocidental. Quando se fala em discriminação na Índia, o termo casta é aquele ao qual é geralmente atribuído maior poder explicativo. A análise de dois casos específicos ”“ os dalits e os siddis (descendentes de escravos africanos radicados no estado de Karnataka) ”“ revela diversas inter-relações e entrelaçamentos na construção, delimitação e transformação das categorias raça e casta ”“ e isto não apenas no subcontinente indiano. As diferentes formas de discriminação e as estratégias para seu combate desenvolvidas pelos dalits e pelos siddis elucidam a insuficiência e inadequação de usos a-históricos desses dois conceitos para entendermos os múltiplos planos e as diferentes facetas dos processos de inclusão e exclusão vivenciados pelos dois grupos em questão. Palavras-chave: raça, casta, racismo e antirracismo, diferença e desigualdade, dalits, siddis.   Abstract Colour and race are among the most frequently used keywords in studies of the phenomenon of racism in the Western world. When the topic is discrimination in India, the term caste is often attributed the highest explanatory power. The analysis of two specific cases ”“ the dalits and the sid(d)is (descendants of African slaves living in the State of Karnataka) ”“ reveals several interrelations and interweavings in the construction, delimitation and transformation of the concepts of race and caste, which also extend beyond the Indian subcontinent. The different forms of discrimination, as well as the strategies developed by the dalits and the sid(d)is to fight them, elucidate the insufficiency and inadequacy of ahistorical usages of these concepts as a means of understanding the multiple levels and the different aspects of the processes of inclusion and exclusion experienced by both groups. Keywords: race, caste, racism and anti-racism, difference and inequality, dalits, siddis

African slavery in Portuguese India: Goa in the 16th and 17th centuries

O artigo procurar mostrar como, paralelamente ao surgimento de uma sociedade escravista no Brasil, a intervenção colonial portuguesa na Índia levou igualmente à constituição de uma sociedade marcada pela presença escrava. Busca-se não apenas apontar para as múltiplas convergências e semelhanças, mas procura-se entender também aqueles contextos e práticas que diferenciavam o fenômeno da escravidão de Goa daquele conhecido do Novo Mundo.The article seeks to show how, in parallel with the emergence of a slaveholding society in Brazil, the Portuguese colonial intervention in India also led to the constitution of a society marked by the presence of slaves. It seeks not only to point to the multiple convergences and similarities, but also to understand the contexts and practices that distinguished the phenomenon of slavery in Goa from that of the New World.El artículo pretende mostrar cómo, paralelamente a la aparición de una sociedad esclavista en Brasil, la intervención colonial portuguesa en la India también condujo a la constitución de una sociedad marcada por la presencia de esclavos. Busca no sólo señalar las múltiples convergencias y similitudes, sino también comprender aquellos contextos y prácticas que diferenciaron el fenómeno de la esclavitud en Goa del conocido en el Nuevo Mundo. Palabras clave: esclavitud, diáspora africana, India Traducción realizada con la versión gratuita del traductor www.DeepL.com/Translato

Dos retornos à África Ocidental

Existem diversas pesquisas sobre comunidades na África fundadas pelos chamados “retornados”, mas não há estudos aprofundados que busquem comparar as trajetórias desses “retornos”. O que se propõe neste ensaio é, portanto, um estudo comparativo que tem um foco específico: no centro das preocupações analíticas estarão as relações que os/as retornados/as – mais especificamente as primeiras duas gerações – estabeleceram com as populações locais. Além da identificação de semelhanças objetiva-se apontar para diferenças substanciais e relacioná-las com conjunturas e contextos específicos. As experiências em Serra Leoa, na Libéria, no Benim e em Gana servirão como exemplos que permitem reconstruir “modos” de “reinserção” de populações, sequestradas das suas comunidades de origem, em terras africanas

Castas, raças e a política colonial na Índia

Em Homo hierarchicus (1966), Louis Dumont apresenta o sistema das castas como uma instituição social central da Índia e o opõe ao fenômeno do racismo, que o autor relaciona a sociedades nominalmente igualitárias nas quais perduram desigualdades justificadas com base em argumentos biológicos. Buscando uma alternativa a esta análise estruturalista clássica, o artigo aponta para os contextos históricos em que as castas se tornaram importantes organizações sociopolíticas e sofreram diversas remodelações: busca-se mostrar como as disputas locais, que envolviam colonizadores, elites brâmanes, protonacionalistas e até líderes dalits, contribuíram para a consolidação e disseminação do sistema de castas em todo o subcontinente. Nos diversos discursos, tanto a casta quanto a raça foram usadas como argumento não apenas para incentivar processos de identificação ou distanciamento, mas também para justificar tratamento desigual e exclusão ou reivindicar direitos específicos.Palavras-chave: casta | raça | colonialismo | Índia. Abstract:In Homo hierarchicus (1966), Louis Dumont presents the caste system as a central social institution in India and opposes it to the phenomenon of racism, which the author relates to nominally egalitarian societies in which inequalities justified by biological arguments persist. Seeking an alternative to this classic structuralist analysis, this article points to the historical contexts in which caste became an important sociopolitical organization and underwent several remodelings: it seeks to show how local disputes involving colonizers, the Brahmin elites, proto-nationalists and even Dalit leaders contributed to the consolidation and dissemination of the caste system throughout the subcontinent. In various discourses, both caste and race were used as arguments not only to encourage processes of identification or distancing, but also to justify unequal treatment and exclusion or to claim specific rights.Keywords: caste | race | colonialism | India

Quality-based iris segmentation-level fusion

Iris localisation and segmentation are challenging and critical tasks in iris biometric recognition. Especially in non-cooperative and less ideal environments, their impact on overall system performance has been identified as a major issue. In order to avoid a propagation of system errors along the processing chain, this paper investigates iris fusion at segmentation-level prior to feature extraction and presents a framework for this task. A novel intelligent reference method for iris segmentation-level fusion is presented, which uses a learning-based approach predicting ground truth segmentation performance from quality indicators and model-based fusion to create combined boundaries. The new technique is analysed with regard to its capability to combine segmentation results (pupillary and limbic boundaries) of multiple segmentation algorithms. Results are validated on pairwise combinations of four open source iris segmentation algorithms with regard to the public CASIA and IITD iris databases illustrating the high versatility of the proposed method