Teargas

This booklet, compiled by the Health Information Centre (Johannesburg), is intended to provide information about the use of teargas by police in riot control, and how the use of teargas affects people. In addition the booklet provides information on what to do should you be in an environment where teargas was used

Multimode fibre:Light-sheet microscopy at the tip of a needle

We also thank the UK Engineering and Physics Sciences Research Council for funding under grant EP/J01771X/1. Finally, we would like to thank EXCELLENT TEAMS (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0005) from European Social Fund and CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology (CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068) from European Regional Development Fund for support.Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy has emerged as a powerful platform for 3-D volumetric imaging in the life sciences. Here, we introduce an important step towards its use deep inside biological tissue. Our new technique, based on digital holography, enables delivery of the light-sheet through a multimode optical fibre - an optical element with extremely small footprint, yet permitting complex control of light transport processes within. We show that this approach supports some of the most advanced methods in light-sheet microscopy: by taking advantage of the cylindrical symmetry of the fibre, we facilitate the wavefront engineering methods for generation of both Bessel and structured Bessel beam plane illumination. Finally, we assess the quality of imaging on a sample of fluorescent beads fixed in agarose gel and we conclude with a proof-of-principle imaging of a biological sample, namely the regenerating operculum prongs of Spirobranchus lamarcki.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Multicolour Single Molecule Imaging in Cells with Near Infra-Red Dyes

Background: The autofluorescence background of biological samples impedes the detection of single molecules when imaging. The most common method of reducing the background is to use evanescent field excitation, which is incompatible with imaging beyond the surface of biological samples. An alternative would be to use probes that can be excited in the near infra-red region of the spectrum, where autofluorescence is low. Such probes could also increase the number of labels that can be imaged in multicolour single molecule microscopes. Despite being widely used in ensemble imaging, there is a currently a shortage of information available for selecting appropriate commercial near infra-red dyes for single molecule work. It is therefore important to characterise available near infra-red dyes relevant to multicolour single molecule imaging. Methodology/Principal Findings: A range of commercially available near infra-red dyes compatible with multi-colour imaging was screened to find the brightest and most photostable candidates. Image series of immobilised samples of the brightest dyes (Alexa 700, IRDye 700DX, Alexa 790 and IRDye 800CW) were analysed to obtain the mean intensity of single dye molecules, their photobleaching rates and long period blinking kinetics. Using the optimum dye pair, we have demonstrated for the first time widefield, multi-colour, near infra-red single molecule imaging using a supercontinuum light source in MCF-7 cells

What it means to be A New Classical Economist

The New Classical School works with rational expectations and full flexibility of prices and wages in all markets. The concept of rational expectations hypothesis (REH) was first introduced by J.F. Muth (1961). Robert E.R. Lucas Jr. (1972) developed and popularized this hypothesis. Thomas Sargent, Neil Wallace, Robert Barro are other distinguished representatives of this school. What is important in the New Classical School is first of all the assumption of full flexibility of prices and wages. As a result of this assumption, all markets will reach perfect equilibrium, economy will automatically settle at the point of full-employment. Unemployment will be voluntary which will be denoted as "natural rate of unemployment". According to REH, on the other hand, all the economic agents have full knowledge and information about economic decisions - including government policies and their effects - and take into account their future expectations in a right way. In this case, the government policies which will be expected and known to everybody will be already taken into account and the decisions on prices and quantities are formed accordingly, thus prices are formed in a complex fashion. In this manner, efficiency of government policies neutralized. Hence, as much as Keynesian financial policies, monetarist monetary policies are ineffective as well. The only effective impact in economy seems to be "unexpected shocks" and accordingly "unexpected" or "shock". New Classical School have had weight after 70s due to inflationary effects of the Vietnam War and the stagflation following 1973-1974 oil shock. Hence the economic conservatism both during Regan era in the United States and Thatcher era in Britain effected the policy implementations for a while. However, it was not possible to prevent inflation; on the contrary, unemployment reached a new and higher dimension. Therefore, once more but this time with more cautious approach, a mix Keynesian and Monetarist policy implementation was adopted.© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer-review under responsibility of Istanbul University.Keywords: New Classical School; New Classical Macroeconomics, New Classical Asuumptions, New Classical Policy Recommendation

Software Plagiarism Detection

Import 30/10/2012Tato diplomová práce se zabývá, dnes hodně aktuálním tématem, softwarovým plagiátorstvím. Cílem je seznámit se s touto problematikou, což zahrnuje analýzu používaných metod pro vytváření softwarových plagiátů a analýzu existujících postupů a systémů, jejichž úkolem je minimalizace úspěšnosti plagiátorských metod během porovnávání zdrojových kódů. Dalším úkolem je, na základě předchozích analýz, vhodně navrhnout a naimplementovat vlastní detekční aplikaci, která by měla být odolná vůči změnám provedených plagiátory ve zdrojových kódech. Aplikace by měla porovnávat zdrojové kódy programovacího jazyka C/C++ a měla by určit jejich podobnost. Testování aplikace bude prováděno s kolekcí zdrojových kódů ze studentských projektů. Na základě tohoto testování se provede vyhodnocení přesnosti detekce plagiátů.This diploma thesis deals with the current issue of the software plagiarism. The objective is to familiarize ourselves with this issue, which includes analysis of used methods for making software plagiarism, and analysis of existing procedures and systems, whose task is to minimalize the success of plagiarism methods during source code comparison. Based on the previous analyzes the next task is to appropriately design and implement my own detection application, which should be resistant against changes made by plagiarists in source codes. Application should compare C/C++ source codes and should determine the similarity between source codes. Application testing will be performed with a collection of source codes from students’ projects. On the basis of the testing, there will be evaluation of detection plagiarism accuracy.460 - Katedra informatikyvýborn

Systémupro kodované vysílání IP televize

Tento text popisuje aktuální problematiku digitální televize a je určen pro čtenáře, kteří se o tuto problematiku dosud nezajímali nebo pro ty, kteří si chtějí své znalosti zdokonalit. Hlavním úkolem je obeznámit čtenáře s digitálním televizním vysíláním v počítačové síti, jelikož je tato možnost velmi využívaná a svou popularitu jen zvyšuje. Jelikož je zde krok po kroku popsána úprava jednoho z oblíbených programů, čtenář, který si chce vytvořit nebo upravit již existující program pro své specifické účely, zde může najít inspiraci. Vysílače už nějakou dobu přecházejí z analogového vysílání na digitální a tento proces bude ještě nějakou dobu trvat. Proto informace týkající se existujících multiplexů, jejich parametrů a vysílačů, které jsou v této práci také uvedeny, se stále mění. Každopádně informace o technologii a principu vysílání zůstávají stejné.This text describes actual issue of the digital television and is intended for readers those was not interested about this issue till now or those want to improve theirs knowledge. Main purpose of this text is initiate readers with digital television broadcast in the computer network because this way is very using and its popularity rising. There is step by step describe modifying one of popular program so if reader wants to create or modify of existing program for his specific purpose, he can find here the inspiration. Broadcasters proceed analog broadcasting to digital broadcasting for certain time and this process will take certain time too that is why the information of exist multiplex, their characteristics and broadcasters that are mentioned in this text are still changing. In any case the information about technology and principles of broadcasting are not changing.Prezenční456 - Katedra informatikyvýborn