A radio continuum survey of the southern sky at 1420 MHz. Observations and data reduction

We describe the equipment, observational method and reduction procedure of an absolutely calibrated radio continuum survey of the South Celestial Hemisphere at a frequency of 1420 MHz. These observations cover the area 0h < R.A. < 24h for declinations less than -10 degree. The sensitivity is about 50 mK T_B (full beam brightness) and the angular resolution (HPBW) is 35.4', which matches the existing northern sky survey at the same frequency.Comment: 9 pages with 9 figures, A&A, in pres

GRACE: spreading knowledge about community-acquired pneumonia

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Returning to work following cancer: a qualitative exploratory study into the experience of returning to work following cancer

The experience of returning to work following cancer is a largely unknown area of cancer research. This preliminary study aimed to explore the factors that influence decisions about return to work eitehr during or after cancer treatment and to identify the important aspects of returning to work. Qalitative data were collected using individual interview (n=19) and two focus groups (n=4, n=6), predominantly with breast cancer survivors. Patterns of returning to work were diverse and a variety of reasons influenced work decisions, including financial concerns and regaining normality. Participants also discussed their ability to work, health professionals' advice, side effects, support and adjustments, and attitudes towards work. Although the majority adapted well, a few encountered difficulties on their return. It is evident that more advice is requried from health professionals about returning to work, along with reasonable support and adjustments from employers to ensure that cancer survivors are able to successfully reintegrate back into the workforce

A warrant for violence? An analysis of Donald Trump's speech before the US Capitol attack

On January 6th, 2021, Donald Trump's speech during a ‘Save America’ rally was followed by mass violence, with Trump's supporters storming the U.S. Capitol to prevent the certification of Joe Biden's victory in the presidential eletion. In its wake, there was a great deal of debate around whether the speech contained direct instructions for the subsequent violence. In this paper, we use a social identity perspective on leadership (and more specifically, on toxic leadership) to analyse the speech and see how its overall ar-gument relates to violence. We show that Trump's argument rests on the populist distinction between the American peo-ple and elites. He moralises these groups as good and evil respectively and proposes that the very existence of America is under threat if the election result stands. On this basis he proposes that all true Americans are obligated to act in order prevent Biden's certification and to ensure that the good prevails over evil. While Trump does not explicitly say what such action entails, he also removes normative and moral impediments to extreme action. In this way, taken as a whole, Trump's speech enables rather than demands vio-lence and ultimately it provides a warrant for the violence that ensued

Power Spectrum of Primordial Inhomogeneity Determined from the 4-Year COBE DMR Sky Maps

Fourier analysis and power spectrum estimation of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy on an incompletely sampled sky developed by Gorski (1994) has been applied to the high-latitude portion of the 4-year COBE DMR 31.5, 53 and 90 GHz sky maps. Likelihood analysis using newly constructed Galaxy cuts (extended beyond |b| = 20deg to excise the known foreground emission) and simultaneously correcting for the faint high latitude galactic foreground emission is conducted on the DMR sky maps pixelized in both ecliptic and galactic coordinates. The Bayesian power spectrum estimation from the foreground corrected 4-year COBE DMR data renders n ~ 1.2 +/- 0.3, and Q_{rms-PS} ~ 15.3^{+3.7}_{-2.8} microK (projections of the two-parameter likelihood). These results are consistent with the Harrison-Zel'dovich n=1 model of amplitude Q_{rms-PS} ~ 18 microK detected with significance exceeding 14sigma (dQ/Q < 0.07). (A small power spectrum amplitude drop below the published 2-year results is predominantly due to the application of the new, extended Galaxy cuts.)Comment: 9 pages of text in LaTeX, 1 postscript Table, 4 postscript figures (2 color plates), submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (Letters

Leading from the Centre: A Comprehensive Examination of the Relationship between Central Playing Positions and Leadership in Sport

This is the final version of the article. Available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this record.RESEARCH AIMS: The present article provides a comprehensive examination of the relationship between playing position and leadership in sport. More particularly, it explores links between leadership and a player's interactional centrality-defined as the degree to which their playing position provides opportunities for interaction with other team members. This article examines this relationship across different leadership roles, team sex, and performance levels. RESULTS: Study 1 (N = 4443) shows that athlete leaders (and the task and motivational leader in particular) are more likely than other team members to occupy interactionally central positions in a team. Players with high interactional centrality were also perceived to be better leaders than those with low interactional centrality. Study 2 (N = 308) established this link for leadership in general, while Study 3 (N = 267) and Study 4 (N = 776) revealed that the same was true for task, motivational, and external leadership. This relationship is attenuated in sports where an interactionally central position confers limited interactional advantages. In other words, the observed patterns were strongest in sports that are played on a large field with relatively fixed positions (e.g., soccer), while being weaker in sports that are played on a smaller field where players switch positions dynamically (e.g., basketball, ice hockey). Beyond this, the pattern is broadly consistent across different sports, different sexes, and different levels of skill. CONCLUSIONS: The observed patterns are consistent with the idea that positions that are interactionally central afford players greater opportunities to do leadership-either through communication or through action. Significantly too, they also provide a basis for them to be seen to do leadership by others on their team. Thus while it is often stated that "leadership is an action, not a position," it is nevertheless the case that, when it comes to performing that action, some positions are more advantageous than others.This research was supported by a grant from Internal Funds KU Leuven, awarded to Katrien Fransen

Detection of Gravitational Lensing in the Cosmic Microwave Background

Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), a long-standing prediction of the standard cosmolgical model, is ultimately expected to be an important source of cosmological information, but first detection has not been achieved to date. We report a 3.4 sigma detection, by applying quadratic estimator techniques to all sky maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite, and correlating the result with radio galaxy counts from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). We present our methodology including a detailed discussion of potential contaminants. Our error estimates include systematic uncertainties from density gradients in NVSS, beam effects in WMAP, Galactic microwave foregrounds, resolved and unresolved CMB point sources, and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.Comment: 27 pages, 20 figure

The Supernova Remnant CTB104A : Magnetic Field Structure and Interaction with the Environment

We present new, high resolution 1420 and 408 MHz continuum images and HI and 12CO (J=1-0) spectral line maps of the diffuse supernova remnant CTB104A (G93.7-0.3). Analysis of the complex continuum emission reveals no significant spectral index variations across the remnant. Three prominences around CTB104A are found to be related to the SNR, while one extension to the east is identified as an HII region associated with a background molecular shell. Small scale polarization and rotation measure (RM) structures are turbulent in nature, but we find a well-ordered RM gradient across the remnant, extending from southeast to northwest. This gradient does not agree with the direction of the global Galactic magnetic field, but does agree with a large-scale RM anomaly inferred from rotation measure data by Cleg et al. (1992). We show that the observed morphology of CTB104A is consistent with expansion in a uniform magnetic field, and this is supported by the observed RM distribution. By modeling the RM gradient with a simple compression model we have determined the magnetic field strength within the remnant as Bo ~ 2.3 micro G. We have identified signatures of the interaction of CTB104A with the surrounding neutral material, and determined its distance, from the kinematics of the HI structure encompassing the radio emission, as 1.5 kpc. We also observed clear breaks in the HI shell that correspond well to the positions of two of the prominences, indicating regions where hot gas is escaping from the interior of the SNR.Comment: 7 pages, Latex with aastex and emulateapj5, 12 figures, ApJ accepte

Magnesium sulphate at 30 to 34 weeks' gestational age: neuroprotection trial (MAGENTA) -study protocol

Extent: 9 p.BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulphate is currently recommended for neuroprotection of preterm infants for women at risk of preterm birth at less than 30 weeks’ gestation, based on high quality evidence of benefit. However there remains uncertainty as to whether these benefits apply at higher gestational ages. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to assess whether giving magnesium sulphate compared with placebo to women immediately prior to preterm birth between 30 and 34 weeks’ gestation reduces the risk of death or cerebral palsy in their children at two years’ corrected age. METHODS/DESIGN: DESIGN: Randomised, multicentre, placebo controlled trial. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Women, giving informed consent, at risk of preterm birth between 30 to 34 weeks’ gestation, where birth is planned or definitely expected within 24 hours, with a singleton or twin pregnancy and no contraindications to the use of magnesium sulphate. TRIAL ENTRY & RANDOMISATION: Eligible women will be randomly allocated to receive either magnesium sulphate or placebo. TREATMENT GROUPS: Women in the magnesium sulphate group will be administered 50 ml of a 100 ml infusion bag containing 8 g magnesium sulphate heptahydrate [16 mmol magnesium ions]. Women in the placebo group will be administered 50 ml of a 100 ml infusion bag containing isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.9%). Both treatments will be administered through a dedicated IV infusion line over 30 minutes. PRIMARY STUDY OUTCOME: Death or cerebral palsy measured in children at two years’ corrected age. SAMPLE SIZE: 1676 children are required to detect a decrease in the combined outcome of death or cerebral palsy, from 9.6% with placebo to 5.4% with magnesium sulphate (two-sided alpha 0.05, 80% power, 5% loss to follow up, design effect 1.2). DISCUSSION: Given the magnitude of the protective effect in the systematic review, the ongoing uncertainty about benefits at later gestational ages, the serious health and cost consequences of cerebral palsy for the child, family and society, a trial of magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth between 30 to 34 weeks’ gestation is both important and relevant for clinical practice globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry - ACTRN12611000491965Caroline A. Crowther, Philippa F. Middleton, Dominic Wilkinson, Pat Ashwood and Ross Haslam for the MAGENTA Study Grou