Linearity and Scaling of a Statistical Model for the Species Abundance Distribution

We derive a linear recursion relation for the species abundance distribution in a statistical model of ecology and demonstrate the existence of a scaling solution

Equalities of ideals associated with two projections in rings with involution

In this article we study various right ideals associated with two projections (self-adjoint idempotents) in a ring with involution. Results of O.M. Baksalary, G. Trenkler, R. Piziak, P.L. Odell and R. Hahn about orthogonal projectors (complex matrices which are Hermitian and idempotent) are considered in the setting of rings with involution. New proofs based on algebraic arguments, rather than finite-dimensional and rank theory, are given.The authors thank the anonymous reviewer for his\her useful suggestions, which helped to improve the original version of this article. The second author is supported by Grant No. 174007 of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Development, Republic of Serbia.Benítez López, J.; Cvetkovic-Ilic, D. (2013). Equalities of ideals associated with two projections in rings with involution. Linear and Multilinear Algebra. 61(10):1419-1435. doi:10.1080/03081087.2012.743026S141914356110Baksalary, O. M., & Trenkler, G. (2009). Column space equalities for orthogonal projectors. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 212(2), 519-529. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2009.02.042Benítez, J. (2008). Moore–Penrose inverses and commuting elements of C∗-algebras. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 345(2), 766-770. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.04.062Green, J. A. (1951). On the Structure of Semigroups. The Annals of Mathematics, 54(1), 163. doi:10.2307/1969317Harte, R. (1992). On generalized inverses in C*-algebras. Studia Mathematica, 103(1), 71-77. doi:10.4064/sm-103-1-71-77Harte, R. (1993). Generalized inverses in C*-algebras II. Studia Mathematica, 106(2), 129-138. doi:10.4064/sm-106-2-129-138Koliha, J. J. (2000). Elements of C*-algebras commuting with their Moore-Penrose inverse. Studia Mathematica, 139(1), 81-90. doi:10.4064/sm-139-1-81-90Koliha, J. J., Cvetković-Ilić, D., & Deng, C. (2012). Generalized Drazin invertibility of combinations of idempotents. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 437(9), 2317-2324. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2012.06.005Koliha, J. J., & Rakočević, V. (2003). Invertibility of the Difference of Idempotents. Linear and Multilinear Algebra, 51(1), 97-110. doi:10.1080/030810802100023499Mary, X. (2011). On generalized inverses and Green’s relations. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 434(8), 1836-1844. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2010.11.045Von Neumann, J. (1936). On Regular Rings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 22(12), 707-713. doi:10.1073/pnas.22.12.707Patrı́cio, P., & Puystjens, R. (2004). Drazin–Moore–Penrose invertibility in rings. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 389, 159-173. doi:10.1016/j.laa.2004.04.006Piziak, R., Odell, P. L., & Hahn, R. (1999). Constructing projections on sums and intersections. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 37(1), 67-74. doi:10.1016/s0898-1221(98)00242-

Wireless sensor node design for heterogeneous networks

Two complementary wireless sensor nodes for building two-tiered heterogeneous networks are presented. A larger node with a 25 mm by 25 mm size acts as the backbone of the network, and can handle complex data processing. A smaller, cheaper node with a 10 mm by 10 mm size can perform simpler sensor-interfacing tasks. The 25mm node is based on previous work that has been done in the Tyndall National Institute that created a modular wireless sensor node. In this work, a new 25mm module is developed operating in the 433/868 MHz frequency bands, with a range of 3.8 km. The 10mm node is highly miniaturised, while retaining a high level of modularity. It has been designed to support very energy efficient operation for applications with low duty cycles, with a sleep current of 3.3 μA. Both nodes use commercially available components and have low manufacturing costs to allow the construction of large networks. In addition, interface boards for communicating with nodes have been developed for both the 25mm and 10mm nodes. These interface boards provide a USB connection, and support recharging of a Li-ion battery from the USB power supply. This paper discusses the design goals, the design methods, and the resulting implementation

Modeling power in multi-functionality sensor network applications

Rachit Agarwal, Rafael V. Martinez-Catala, Sean Harte, Cedric Segard, Brendan O'Flynn, "Modeling Power in Multi-functionality Sensor Network Applications," sensorcomm, pp.507-512, 2008 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, August 25-August 31 2008, Cap Esterel, FranceWith the migration of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) over various evolving applications, power estimation and profiling during the design cycle become critical issues and present hurdles in reducing the design time. Furthermore, with a growing size of the network, simulating the behavior of each sensor node is not feasible. It is important to devise an approach that provides a network-wide picture of power consumption and of variations in power usage under changes in the network and/or node application in the network. In this paper, we present a modular power estimation technique which simplifies the power modeling of any sensor network application. In particular, we are interested in analyzing the behavior of power consumption if one or more modules of the WSN platform in the application are changed during the design cycle or after the deployment. The proposed technique is susceptible to applications changes on the fly and is particularly beneficial in networks with large number of nodes. We perform experiments modifying parameters of a ZigBee based sensor network application such as packet size, sampling rate, functionality (encryption) and sensor types. We present the results, demonstrating an error less than 3% in all the experiments performed, and insights into the results

Land use change through the lens of macroecology : insights from Azorean arthropods and the maximum entropy theory of ecology

Human activity and land management practices, in particular land use change, have resulted in the global loss of biodiversity. These types of disturbance affect the shape of macroecological patterns, and therefore analyzing these patterns can provide insights into how ecosystems are affected by land use change. We here use arthropod census data from 96 sites at Terceira Island in the Azores archipelago across four different land uses of increasing management intensity: native forest, exotic forest, semi-natural pasture and intensive pasture, to examine the effects of land use type on three macroecological patterns: the species abundance distribution, the metabolic rate distribution of individuals and the species–area relationship. The maximum entropy theory of ecology (METE) has successfully predicted these patterns across habitats and taxa in undisturbed ecosystems, and thus provides a null expectation for their shapes. Across these patterns, we find that the forest habitats are the best fit by METE predictions, while the semi-natural pasture is consistently the worst fit, and the intensive pasture is intermediately well fit. We show that the direction of failure of the METE predictions at the pasture sites is likely due to the hyper-dominance of introduced spider species present there. We hypothesize that the particularly poor fit for the semi-natural pasture is due to the mix of arthropod communities out of equilibrium, leading to greater heterogeneity in composition and complex dynamics that violate METE's assumption of static state variables. The comparative better fit for the intensive pasture plausibly results from more homogeneous arthropod communities that are well adapted to intensive management, and thus whose state variables are less in flux. Analyzing deviations from theoretical predictions across land use type provides useful information about how land use and disturbance affect ecosystems, and such comparisons could be useful across other habitats and taxa.Funding for this project was provided in part by grant DEB 1751380 from the US National Science Foundation, as well as by grants to PAVB FCT-UIDP/00329/2020-2024 (Thematic Line 1 – integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and MACRISK – PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021, through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. MB acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (PGSD2-517114-2018). Data acquisition was provided by the projects: ‘Consequences of land use change on Azorean fauna and flora – the 2010 Target' (Ref: Direcção Regional de Ciência e Tecnologia M.2.1.2/I/003/2008) and ‘Direcção Regional dos Recursos Florestais' (‘Secretaria Regional da Agricultura e Pescas') through the Project ‘Reservas Florestais dos Açores: Cartografia e Inventariação dos Artrópodes Endémicos dos Açores' (PROJ. 17.01 – 080203).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

InterProScan: protein domains identifier

InterProScan [E. M. Zdobnov and R. Apweiler (2001) Bioinformatics, 17, 847–848] is a tool that combines different protein signature recognition methods from the InterPro [N. J. Mulder, R. Apweiler, T. K. Attwood, A. Bairoch, A. Bateman, D. Binns, P. Bradley, P. Bork, P. Bucher, L. Cerutti et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res., 33, D201–D205] consortium member databases into one resource. At the time of writing there are 10 distinct publicly available databases in the application. Protein as well as DNA sequences can be analysed. A web-based version is accessible for academic and commercial organizations from the EBI (). In addition, a standalone Perl version and a SOAP Web Service [J. Snell, D. Tidwell and P. Kulchenko (2001) Programming Web Services with SOAP, 1st edn. O'Reilly Publishers, Sebastopol, CA, ] are also available to the users. Various output formats are supported and include text tables, XML documents, as well as various graphs to help interpret the results

The role of orthographic neighbourhood effects in lateralized lexical decision: a replication study and meta-analysis

The effect of orthographic neighbourhood size (N) on lexical decision reaction time differs when words are presented in the left or right visual fields. Evidence suggests a facilitatory N effect (i.e., faster reaction times for words with larger neighbourhoods) in the left visual field. However, the N effect in the right visual field remains controversial: it may have a weaker facilitative role or it may even be inhibitory. In a pre-registered online experiment, we replicated the interaction between N and visual field and provided support for an inhibitory N effect in the right visual field. We subsequently conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the available evidence and determine the direction of N effects across visual fields. Based on the evidence, it would seem the effect is inhibitory in the right visual field. Furthermore, the size of the N effect is considerably smaller in the right visual field. Both studies revealed considerable heterogeneity between participants and studies, and we consider the implications of this for future work

Identification of OCS Renewable Energy Space-Use Conflicts and Analysis of Potential Mitigation Measures: Literature Review: Project MO9PS00065

This literature review completes the first of four research tasks that make up the research project “Identification of Outer Continental Shelf Renewable Energy Space- Use Conflicts and Analysis of Potential Mitigation Measures. The four tasks are: • Access to and understanding of relevant literature. The foundation for the development of recommendations for mitigation strategies will be lessons learned from previous relevant experience in the U.S. and internationally. • Ethnographic research and stakeholder outreach. Central to the research is a series of stakeholder meetings and interviews with a range of fishing and boating interests as well as other stakeholders in key East and West Coast ports. • Creation of geospatial databases and geographic information systems. The organization and communication of information collected throughout the project will be enhanced by the mapping and visualization techniques enabled by these tools. • Data synthesis and final report preparation. Beyond simply organizing the results of the literature review, stakeholder meetings, and interviews, the final report from this research effort will serve as the basis for decision making that furthers renewable energy development while respecting and accommodating the competing uses of ocean resources. The literature review synthesis has three objectives: 1. It identifies and characterizes potential space use conflicts that could result from renewable energy activities in the Atlantic and Pacific regions. 2. It summarizes key underlying causes of coastal and marine space conflicts. 3. It describes strategies and specific measures for avoiding or resolving these conflicts, including coastal and marine spatial planning and mechanisms for improved communication and cooperation among stakeholders. Three products are delivered: 1. A synthesis report of key findings from the literature review. 2. An annotated bibliography and full list of citations (Appendix II and Appendix III). 3. A searchable and updatable electronic data base compatible with Endnote and Zotero bibliographic software programs

Symmetry relation for multifractal spectra at random critical points

Random critical points are generically characterized by multifractal properties. In the field of Anderson localization, Mirlin, Fyodorov, Mildenberger and Evers [Phys. Rev. Lett 97, 046803 (2006)] have proposed that the singularity spectrum $f(\alpha)$ of eigenfunctions satisfies the exact symmetry $f(2d-\alpha)=f(\alpha)+d-\alpha$ at any Anderson transition. In the present paper, we analyse the physical origin of this symmetry in relation with the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relations of large deviation functions that are well-known in the field of non-equilibrium dynamics: the multifractal spectrum of the disordered model corresponds to the large deviation function of the rescaling exponent $\gamma=(\alpha-d)$ along a renormalization trajectory in the effective time $t=\ln L$. We conclude that the symmetry discovered on the specific example of Anderson transitions should actually be satisfied at many other random critical points after an appropriate translation. For many-body random phase transitions, where the critical properties are usually analyzed in terms of the multifractal spectrum $H(a)$ and of the moments exponents X(N) of two-point correlation function [A. Ludwig, Nucl. Phys. B330, 639 (1990)], the symmetry becomes $H(2X(1) -a)= H(a) + a-X(1)$, or equivalently $\Delta(N)=\Delta(1-N)$ for the anomalous parts $\Delta(N) \equiv X(N)-NX(1)$. We present numerical tests in favor of this symmetry for the 2D random $Q-$state Potts model with various $Q$.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, v2=final versio