Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Dan Frekuensi Penyiangan Gulma Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum)

Suatu USAha yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman bawang merah ialah dengan kombinasi penggunaan jarak tanam dan frekuensi penyiangan gulma. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jarak tanam dan frekuensi penyiangan gulma pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum). Penelitian ini telah dilaksana- kan di Desa Mulyoagung, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2013. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 12 perlakuan dan diulang 3 kali sehingga total petak percobaan adalah 36 petak. Perlakuan yang digunakan ialah P1 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 15cm, tanpa disiang; P2 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 15 cm, disiang 1 kali umur 15 hst; P3 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 15 cm, disiang 2 kali umur 15, 30 hst; P4 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 15 cm, disiang 3 kali umur 15, 30, 45 hst; P5 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, tanpa disiang; P6 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, disiang 1 kali umur 15 hst; P7 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, disiang 2 kali umur 15, 30 hst; P8 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, disiang 3 kali umur 15, 30, 45 hst; P9 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm, tanpa disiang; P10 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm, disiang 1 kali umur 15 hst; P11 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm, disiang 2 kali umur 15, 30 hst; P12 = Jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm, disiang 3 kali umur 15, 30, 45 hst. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm dan 20 cm x 25 cm yang disertai dengan penyiangan 3 kali pada umur 15, 30, dan 45 hst menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik pada panjang tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar umbi, bobot kering umbi, bobot segar total tanaman dan hasil panen

Geoneutrinos in Borexino

This paper describes the Borexino detector and the high-radiopurity studies and tests that are integral part of the Borexino technology and development. The application of Borexino to the detection and studies of geoneutrinos is discussed.Comment: Conference: Neutrino Geophysics Honolulu, Hawaii December 14-16, 200

Effect of Child Growth and Development Training on The Knowledge and Attitude among Community Health Workers in Semarang, Central Java

Background: Measuring and monitoring a child’s growth is important to judge the adequacy of diets or supplementary food being given. Monitoring child's development is critical to find out if a child's development is on track. It is important to act early if there are signs of potential development delay because early treatment is so important for improving a child's skills and abilities. This study aimed to determine effect of child growth and development training on the know¬ledge and attitude among community health workers in Semarang, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with no control design conducted at Rowosari Puskesmas (community health center), Semarang, Central Java. The study subjects involved 62 community health workers (CHWs). The dependent variables were knowledge and attitude about child growth and development. The independent variable was training on how to measure and monitor child growth and development. The data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results:Knowledge was higher after training (Mean= 77; SD= 9.8) than before (Mean= 68; SD= 11.2), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Attitude was higher after training (Mean= 80; SD= 12.8) than before (Mean= 70; SD= 10.1), and it was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Training is effective in improving knowledge and attitude about child growth and development monitoring among CHWs. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, growth,development, monitoring, children, community health workers

Identification the Availability of P in Land Planted with Corn on Volcanic, Karst and Acid Soils in Indonesia

Indonesia has many low fertile soils so that agricultural productivity is not optimal. Indonesia is currently challenged by corn self-sufficiency, with a target to increase corn production by 1 t ⋅ ha−1. However, one of the major constraints of land for corn production is a low P availability. To support the increase in production, and provide a database of potential production, the identification of corn land that has P availability problems is extremely required. In this study, the approaches are to observe the distribution of soil parent material from geological maps, soil maps to determine the type of soil, statistical data from the statistics bureau to get the center area of corn, and field observations. From the survey conducted, we found that most of the land evolvedfrom volcanic material, karst material, and acid soils are the soils with a problem of P. However, some areas of the soils showed a high P availability. Further identification of P availability in acid, volcanic, and karst soils needs to be done so that the database of potential corn production can be structured as a basis of corn land management policies in Indonesia.   Keywords: Acid soils, Corn, Karst, P availability, Volcani

CRESST Dark Matter Search

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Search for Dark Matter with CRESST

The search for direct interactions of dark matter particles remains one of the most pressing challenges of contemporary experimental physics. A variety of different approaches is required to probe the available parameter space and to meet the technological challenges. Here, we review the experimental efforts towards the detection of direct dark matter interactions using scintillating crystals at cryogenic temperatures. We outline the ideas behind these detectors and describe the principles of their operation. Recent developments are summarized and various results from the search for rare processes are presented. In the search for direct dark matter interactions, the CRESST-II experiment delivers competitive limits, with a sensitivity below 5x10^(-7) pb on the coherent WIMP-nucleon cross section.Comment: Accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics. 25 pages, 18 figure

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Analysing trends and levels of the burden of disease at the national level can mask inequalities in health-related progress in lower administrative units such as provinces and districts. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse health patterns in Indonesia at the provincial level between 1990 and 2019. Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia's advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Methods We analysed GBD 2019 estimated cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 286 causes of death, 369 causes of non-fatal health loss, and 87 risk factors by year, age, and sex for Indonesia and its 34 provinces from 1990 to 2019. To generate estimates for Indonesia at the national level, we used 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators, 317 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death, 689 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes, 250 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors, and 1641 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. For subnational estimates, we used the following source counts: 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators; 5848 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death; 1534 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes; 650 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors; and 16 016 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. We generated our GBD 2019 estimates for Indonesia by including 1 915 207 total source metadata rows, and we used 821 total citations. Findings Life expectancy for males across Indonesia increased from 62·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·3–63·7) to 69·4 years (67·2–71·6) between 1990 and 2019, a positive change of 6·9 years. For females during the same period, life expectancy increased from 65·7 years (64·5–66·8) to 73·5 years (71·6–75·6), an increase of 7·8 years. There were large disparities in health outcomes among provinces. In 2019, Bali had the highest life expectancy at birth for males (74·4 years, 70·90–77·9) and North Kalimantan had the highest life expectancy at birth for females (77·7 years, 74·7–81·2), whereas Papua had the lowest life expectancy at birth for males (64·5 years, 60·9–68·2) and North Maluku had the lowest life expectancy at birth for females (64·0 years, 60·7–67·3). The difference in life expectancy for males between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 9·9 years and the difference in life expectacy for females between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 13·7 years. Age-standardised death, YLL, and YLD rates also varied widely among the provinces in 2019. High systolic blood pressure, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high BMI were the five leading risks contributing to health loss measured as DALYs in 2019. Interpretation Our findings highlight that Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases that varies across provinces. From 1990 to 2019, Indonesia witnessed a decline in the infectious disease burden, although communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections have remained a main source of DALYs in Indonesia. During that same period, however, all-ages death and disability rates from non-communicable diseases and exposure to their risk factors accounted for larger shares of health loss. The differences in health outcomes between the highest-performing and lowest-performing provinces have also widened since 1990. Our findings support a comprehensive process to revisit current health policies, examine the root causes of variation in the burden of disease among provinces, and strengthen programmes and policies aimed at reducing disparities across the country. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Indonesia. Translation For the Bahasa Indonesia translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section