An Analytical Approach for Design of Microstrip Patch (MsP)

A reliable configuration of electromagnetic interactions for antenna design can yield an effective Microstrip patch (MsP) antenna. During its design, the antenna arrays involve issues with parameters (i.e., space, dimension, shape) adjustment. This problem can be tackled with an analytical approach which can help to bring better idea to design the antenna aaray. However, the realistic designs of antenna array are quite expensive while extracting computational accuracy. Thus, to have low cost computational accuracy various meta-heuristic (generic algorithm, partical swarm optimizarion) approaches are used and are considered as effective one in handling the pattern synthesis problems. Howeever, the use of meta-heuristic approaches demands thousands of functions to analyze the antenna design. This manuscript introduces an analytical approach for MsP antenna desing using MATLAB that brings optimization in handling the side lobes and optimizing the reflection as well as radiation responses. The outcomes of the design were analyzed with respect to reflection, radiation coefficients, side lobes and found effective at 10GHz as per computational cost is concern

Correlation of severity of autism with risk factors and EEG abnormalities in children aged 3-12 years attending child guidance clinic at Institute of child health and hospital for children.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by significant impairment in the social interaction, communication and behaviour. The exact etiology still remains unknown. Genetic, environmental factors, prenatal, perinatal, postnatal risk factors said to play a role in the pathogenesis of autism. Subclinical epileptiform discharges said to be present in approximately 30% of children with autism which are causally associated with the deficits and severity. METHODS Children aged 3 – 12 years diagnosed as autism using DSM – V criteria in child guidance clinic at Institute of child health and hospital for children were enrolled in this study. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal risk factors of autism data are collected. Severity of autism is assessed by childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Electroencephalogram (EEG) was done to all children in the study. RESULTS In the study, out of 72 autistic children 73.6 % ( n-53) were in the age group of 3-6 years,19.4% (n-14) were in the age group of 6-9 years and 7 % (n-5)were in 9-12 years. Out of 72 children, 83.3% (n-60) were males and 16.7% (n-12) were females. 41.7% (n-30) had abnormal EEG in the absence of clinical seizures and 58.3% (n-42) children had normal EEG. EEG was correlated with CARS using spearman’s rho correlation test and found to be significant, P value – 0.005. Among the risk factors advanced maternal age at conception, positive family history of psychiatric illness, birth order and multiple birth were significantly correlating to CARS P value- < 0.05. Rest of the risk factors were not significantly correlated with CARS. CONCLUSION In the study 40.7% children had EEG abnormality, most common pattern of EEG abnormality noted is bilateral epileptiform activity with sharp waves.EEG significantly correlates with CARS , abnormal EEG highly correlates with the severity of autism. Advanced Maternal age at conception ,positive family history of psychiatric illness, birth order and multiple births are the risk factors correlated with the severity of autism. Epileptiform discharges being highly correlated to severity of autism could serve as prognostic tool for these children

Eye of horus – Erratum revealed a prescription survey

Background: The aim of this study was to survey the quality and the content of prescription of practitioners and also assess the legibility of alphabet, and short form of the drug.Methods: A survey of all prescription received by the patients that were written by general practitioners, consulting physicians and dentists in and around Virajpet and Madikeri (south Coorg) was included.The prescriptions were photocopied and returned back to the patients. The prescription was scored and analyzed by a qualified medical investigator.Results: A total of 171 prescription samples were collected. In most prescriptions, one or more aspects of patient’s personal details were missing. Concerned doctor’s details also lacked in most cases. 40.3% of the prescriptions were obtained wherein short form of the drug was used for prescribing drug. Legibility of alphabet was also evaluated and the most confusing letter noted in our study was letter “C”; followed by A, T, S, O, G, and D in this study the letter Rx was written in 7% of the prescription and in 19% prescription it was replaced by word “Adv” and 74% of prescription without symbol of Rx.Conclusions: The present data shows most prescriptions in the study was inadequate and important details were lacking, legibility of prescription was poor in rating

N-4-{Acetyl}-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylacetamide

The title molecule, C12H12FN3O2S, shows a short intramolecular SO contact of 2.682 (18) A˚ . The dihedral angle between the thiadiazole ring and the benzene ring is 86.82 (11). In the crystal, N—HO and C—HO hydrogen bonds generate an R2 1 (6) graph-set motif between adjacent molecules. Pairs of futher C—HO hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers with R2 2 (8) ring motifs. These combine to generate a three-dimensional network and stack the molecules along the b axis

Crystal structure of (7-fluoro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methyl morpholine-4-carbodithioate

In the title compound, C15H14FNO3S2, the 2H-chromene ring system is close to being planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 angstrom) and the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the 2H-chromene ring system and the morpholine ring (all atoms) is 88.21 (11)degrees. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of very weak C-H center dot center dot center dot F hydrogen bonds generate R-2(2)(8) loops; C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds connect the dimers into 010] chains. Weak aromatic pi-pi stacking interactions between the pyran rings of the chromene systems centroid-centroid distance = 3.6940 (16) angstrom] are also observed

Cycle-based Cluster Variational Method for Direct and Inverse Inference

We elaborate on the idea that loop corrections to belief propagation could be dealt with in a systematic way on pairwise Markov random fields, by using the elements of a cycle basis to define region in a generalized belief propagation setting. The region graph is specified in such a way as to avoid dual loops as much as possible, by discarding redundant Lagrange multipliers, in order to facilitate the convergence, while avoiding instabilities associated to minimal factor graph construction. We end up with a two-level algorithm, where a belief propagation algorithm is run alternatively at the level of each cycle and at the inter-region level. The inverse problem of finding the couplings of a Markov random field from empirical covariances can be addressed region wise. It turns out that this can be done efficiently in particular in the Ising context, where fixed point equations can be derived along with a one-parameter log likelihood function to minimize. Numerical experiments confirm the effectiveness of these considerations both for the direct and inverse MRF inference.Comment: 47 pages, 16 figure

Diagnosis of osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs using the support vector machine method in a computer-aided system

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Early diagnosis of osteoporosis can potentially decrease the risk of fractures and improve the quality of life. Detection of thin inferior cortices of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs could be useful for identifying postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of using kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) learning regarding the cortical width of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs to identify postmenopausal women with low BMD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We employed our newly adopted SVM method for continuous measurement of the cortical width of the mandible on dental panoramic radiographs to identify women with low BMD or osteoporosis. The original X-ray image was enhanced, cortical boundaries were determined, distances among the upper and lower boundaries were evaluated and discrimination was performed by a radial basis function. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of this newly developed method for identifying women with low BMD (BMD T-score of -1.0 or less) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in 100 postmenopausal women (≥50 years old) with no previous diagnosis of osteoporosis. Sixty women were used for system training, and 40 were used in testing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The sensitivity and specificity using RBF kernel-SVM method for identifying women with low BMD were 90.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85.3-96.5] and 83.8% (95% CI, 76.6-91.0), respectively at the lumbar spine and 90.0% (95% CI, 84.1-95.9) and 69.1% (95% CI, 60.1-78.6), respectively at the femoral neck. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying women with low BMD at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck were 90.6% (95% CI, 92.0-100) and 80.9% (95% CI, 71.0-86.9), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest that the newly developed system with the SVM method would be useful for identifying postmenopausal women with low skeletal BMD.</p

Strategic Partnerships @ ICRISAT: Global Partnerships for Strategic Impact

This study formally examines the intricacies of public-private partnerships at ICRISAT in order to glean from experiences how best to effectively and efficiently develop strategic partnerships that work and to build a learning module on successful partnership management for ICRISAT staff and partners. Public-private partnerships are examined in the light of institutional behavior and lessons learned, which facilitate/impede the exchange of potential pro-poor knowledge and technology. The focus is on three key issues: (1) the rationale for forging partnerships; (2) the benefits accrued; and (3) lessons learned from ongoing partnerships to harness more successful strategic ties in the future. Collaborations between scientists of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) were examined, especially working linkages between and among researchers based in international, regional and national organizations spread across Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Data and information were obtained through web- and email-based surveys across all the regional locations of ICRISAT. The resulting analysis characterizes public-private partnerships at ICRISAT and delves into factors that contribute to their success or failure. These findings are critical to developing a learning module on the best practices in undertaking strategic partnerships at ICRISAT

Sinteza i farmakološko ispitivanje novih 4-(3-etilfenil)-1-supstituiranih 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]kinazolin-5-ona kao nove klase H1-antihistaminika

A series of novel 4-(3-ethylphenyl)-1-substituted-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones (4a-j) were synthesized by the cyclization of 3-(3-ethylphenyl)-2-hydrazino-3H-quinazolin-4-one (3) with various one-carbon donors. The starting material, compound 3, was synthesized from 3-ethyl aniline by a new innovative route with improved yield. When tested for their in vivo H1-antihistaminic activity on conscious guinea pigs, all test compounds protected the animals from histamine induced bronchospasm significantly. Compound 4-(3-ethylphenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-one (4b) emerged as the most active compound of the series and it is more potent (74.6 % protection) compared to the reference standard chlorpheniramine maleate (71 % protection). Compound 4b shows negligible sedation (10 %) compared to chlorpheniramine maleate (30 %). Therefore compound 4b can serve as the leading compound for further development of a new class of H1-antihistamines.Ciklizacijom 3-(3-etilfenil)-2-hidrazino-3H-kinazolin-4-ona (3) s različitim donorima jednog C atoma sintetizirana je serija novih 4-(3-etilfenil)-1-supstituiranih 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]kinazolin-5-ona (4a-j). Početni spoj 3 pripravljen je iz 3-etil anilina na novi, inovativni način, s poboljšanim iskorištenjem. U testovima in vivo na zamorcima, svi testirani spojevi pokazali su značajno zaštitno djelovanje protiv bronhospazma induciranog histaminom. Spoj 4-(3-etilfenil)-1-metil-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]kinazolin-5-on (4b) najaktivniji je među testiranim spojevima (zaštita 74.6 %) i jači od referentnog standarda klorfeniramin maleata (zaštita 71 %). Spoj 4b pokazuje zanemarivu sedaciju (10 %) u usporedbi s klorfeniramin maleatom (30 %). Stoga spoj 4b može biti vodeći spoj za daljnji razvoj nove klase H1-antihistaminika

N

The title mol­ecule, C(12)H(12)FN(3)O(2)S, shows a short intra­molecular S⋯O contact of 2.682 (18) Å. The dihedral angle between the thia­diazole ring and the benzene ring is 86.82 (11)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate an R (2) (1)(6) graph-set motif between adjacent mol­ecules. Pairs of futher C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers with R (2) (2)(8) ring motifs. These combine to generate a three-dimensional network and stack the mol­ecules along the b axis