9,399 research outputs found
Combined State and Parameter Estimation for a Static Model of the Maypole (Hoop-Column) Antenna Suface
Parameter and state estimation techniques are discussed for an elliptic system arising in a developmental model for the antenna surface of the Maypole Hoop/Column antenna. A computational algorithm based on spline approximations for the state and elastic parameters is given and numerical results obtained using this algorithm are summarized
Model validation for a noninvasive arterial stenosis detection problem
Copyright @ 2013 American Institute of Mathematical SciencesA current thrust in medical research is the development of a non-invasive method for detection, localization, and characterization of an arterial stenosis (a blockage or partial blockage in an artery). A method has been proposed to detect shear waves in the chest cavity which have been generated by disturbances in the blood flow resulting from a stenosis. In order to develop this methodology further, we use both one-dimensional pressure and shear wave experimental data from novel acoustic phantoms to validate corresponding viscoelastic mathematical models, which were developed in a concept paper [8] and refined herein. We estimate model parameters which give a good fit (in a sense to be precisely defined) to the experimental data, and use asymptotic error theory to provide confidence intervals for parameter estimates. Finally, since a robust error model is necessary for accurate parameter estimates and confidence analysis, we include a comparison of absolute and relative models for measurement error.The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Deopartment of Education and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Supersymmetry, the Cosmological Constant and a Theory of Quantum Gravity in Our Universe
There are many theories of quantum gravity, depending on asymptotic boundary
conditions, and the amount of supersymmetry. The cosmological constant is one
of the fundamental parameters that characterize different theories. If it is
positive, supersymmetry must be broken. A heuristic calculation shows that a
cosmological constant of the observed size predicts superpartners in the TeV
range. This mechanism for SUSY breaking also puts important constraints on low
energy particle physics models. This essay was submitted to the Gravity
Research Foundation Competition and is based on a longer article, which will be
submitted in the near future
Gluino Condensation in Strongly Coupled Heterotic String Theory
Strongly coupled heterotic string theory, compactified to
four dimensions on a large Calabi-Yau manifold , may represent a
viable candidate for the description of low-energy particle phenomenology. In
this regime, heterotic string theory is adequately described by low-energy
-theory on , with the two
's supported at the two boundaries of the world. In this paper we study
the effects of gluino condensation, as a mechanism for supersymmetry breaking
in this -theory regime. We show that when a gluino condensate forms in
-theory, the conditions for unbroken supersymmetry can still be satisfied
locally in the orbifold dimension . Supersymmetry is then
only broken by the global topology of the orbifold dimension, in a mechanism
similar to the Casimir effect. This mechanism leads to a natural hierarchy of
scales, and elucidates some aspects of heterotic string theory that might be
relevant to the stabilization of moduli and the smallness of the cosmological
constant.Comment: 22 pages, harvmac, no figure
Is There A String Theory Landscape
We examine recent claims of a large set of flux compactification solutions of
string theory. We conclude that the arguments for AdS solutions are plausible.
The analysis of meta-stable dS solutions inevitably leads to situations where
long distance effective field theory breaks down. We then examine whether these
solutions are likely to lead to a description of the real world. We conclude
that one must invoke a strong version of the anthropic principle. We explain
why it is likely that this leads to a prediction of low energy supersymmetry
breaking, but that many features of anthropically selected flux
compactifications are likely to disagree with experiment.Comment: 39 pages, Latex, ``Terminology surrounding the anthropic principle
revised to conform with accepted usage. More history of the anthropic
principle included. Various references added.
Stabilized Singlets in Supergravity as a Source of the mu-parameter
Within the context of supergravity-coupled supersymmetry, fields which are
gauge and global singlets are usually considered anathema. Their vacuum
expectation values are shifted by quadratically divergent tadpole diagrams
which are cutoff at the Planck scale, destabilizing the classical potential and
driving the singlet field to large values. We demonstrate a new and generic
mechanism which stabilizes the singlet in the presence of an extended gauge
symmetry. Such a symmetry will be broken down to the Standard Model by the
supergravity interactions near the scale of spontaneous supersymmetry-breaking
in the hidden-sector (about 10^{10-11} GeV). The resulting singlet expectation
value is stabilized and naturally of order the gravitino mass, providing
therefore a weak-scale mass for the Higgs fields of the supersymmetric Standard
Model (a "mu-parameter"). The resulting low-energy theory is the minimal
supersymmetric Standard Model, with all new fields decoupling at the
intermediate scale.Comment: 9 pages, LaTe
Metaplectic Ice
Spherical Whittaker functions on the metaplectic n-fold cover of GL(r+1) over
a nonarchimedean local field containing n distinct n-th roots of unity may be
expressed as the partition functions of statistical mechanical systems that are
variants of the six-vertex model. If n=1 then in view of the Casselman-Shalika
formula this fact is related to Tokuyama's deformation of the Weyl character
formula. It is shown that various properties of these Whittaker functions may
be expressed in terms of the commutativity of row transfer matrices for the
system. Potentially these properties (which are already proved by other
methods, but very nontrivial) are amenable to proof by the Yang-Baxter
equation
Anomalous He-Gas High-Pressure Studies on Superconducting LaO1-xFxFeAs
AC susceptibility measurements have been carried out on superconducting
LaO1-xFxFeAs for x=0.07 and 0.14 under He-gas pressures to about 0.8 GPa. Not
only do the measured values of dTc/dP differ substantially from those obtained
in previous studies using other pressure media, but the Tc(P) dependences
observed depend on the detailed pressure/temperature history of the sample. A
sizeable sensitivity of Tc(P) to shear stresses provides a possible
explanation
A condensed matter interpretation of SM fermions and gauge fields
We present the bundle Aff(3) x C x /(R^3), with a geometric Dirac equation on
it, as a three-dimensional geometric interpretation of the SM fermions. Each C
x /(R^3) describes an electroweak doublet. The Dirac equation has a
doubler-free staggered spatial discretization on the lattice space Aff(3) x C
(Z^3). This space allows a simple physical interpretation as a phase space of a
lattice of cells in R^3. We find the SM SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y action on
Aff(3) x C x /(R^3) to be a maximal anomaly-free special gauge action
preserving E(3) symmetry and symplectic structure, which can be constructed
using two simple types of gauge-like lattice fields: Wilson gauge fields and
correction terms for lattice deformations. The lattice fermion fields we
propose to quantize as low energy states of a canonical quantum theory with
Z_2-degenerated vacuum state. We construct anticommuting fermion operators for
the resulting Z_2-valued (spin) field theory. A metric theory of gravity
compatible with this model is presented too.Comment: Minimal modifications in comparison with the published versio
Resonance modes in a 1D medium with two purely resistive boundaries: calculation methods, orthogonality and completeness
Studying the problem of wave propagation in media with resistive boundaries
can be made by searching for "resonance modes" or free oscillations regimes. In
the present article, a simple case is investigated, which allows one to
enlighten the respective interest of different, classical methods, some of them
being rather delicate. This case is the 1D propagation in a homogeneous medium
having two purely resistive terminations, the calculation of the Green function
being done without any approximation using three methods. The first one is the
straightforward use of the closed-form solution in the frequency domain and the
residue calculus. Then the method of separation of variables (space and time)
leads to a solution depending on the initial conditions. The question of the
orthogonality and completeness of the complex-valued resonance modes is
investigated, leading to the expression of a particular scalar product. The
last method is the expansion in biorthogonal modes in the frequency domain, the
modes having eigenfrequencies depending on the frequency. Results of the three
methods generalize or/and correct some results already existing in the
literature, and exhibit the particular difficulty of the treatment of the
constant mode
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