Irrigation Water Management in South Carolina - Trends and Needs

2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Regio

Photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet by thiourea-doped TiO2 thin film fixed bed photoreactors under visible irradiation: Optimisation using central composite designs and kinetics studies by multivariate curve resolution

In this study, optimisation of the photocatalytic behaviour of crystal violet (CV) by thiourea (Tu)-codoped TiO2 thin film in fixed bed photoreactor was investigated by central composite designs (CCDs). The effective variables were pH, the concentration of CV dye, flow rate and reaction time. The results of the CCD model showed a good agreement with experimental results, with R2 = 0.9680 (p < 0.0001) and maximum degradation efficiency was obtained at the optimum conditions: dye concentration 8.5 mg/L, pH 9, flow rate 6 mL/min and reaction time 80 min. Subsequently, three absorbing chemical compounds presented in the degradation reaction were obtained by using singular value decomposition (SVD) method and evolving factor analysis (EFA). Then a multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was performed to achieve the concentration and spectral profiles for each component. Finally, a hard modelling method was applied to determine the kinetic constants of distinct reactions occurred in the photocatalytic degradation process. The reaction rate constants were calculated for the first and second steps as k1 = 0.08327 (SD = ±0.0015) /min and k2 = 0.045 (SD = ±0.0006)/min, respectively.               KEY WORDS: TiO2 thin film, Photocatalytic degradation, Central composite designs, Multivariate curve resolution, Kinetic studying Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2017, 31(3), 383-396.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v31i3.

Solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the sensitive determination of ecstasy compounds and amphetamines in biological samples

A novel approach for the determination of ecstasy and amphetamines (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) and 3,4-methylenedioxypropylamphetamine (MDPA)) in biological samples is presented. The analytes were extracted from the matrix and transferred to a small volume of a high density, water insoluble solvent using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). This combination not only resulted in a high enrichment factor, but also it could be used in complex matrices (biological samples). Some important extraction parameters, such as sample solution flow rate, sample pH, type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents as well as the salt addition, were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.5-500 µg L-1 and 1.0-500 µg L-1 with detection limits in the range of 0.1-0.3 µg L-1 and 0.2-0.7 µg L-1 in urine and plasma samples, respectively. The results showed that SPE-DLLME is a suitable method for the determination of ecstasy components and amphetamines in biological and water samples. KEY WORDS: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Solid-phase extraction, Ecstasy compounds, Amphetamines, Gas chromatography, Biological samples Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014, 28(3), 339-348.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i3.

Application of Ultrasound-assisted Emulsification Microextraction followed by Gas Chromatography for Determination of Oxadiazon in Water and Soil Samples

In this study, a simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) method combined with gas chromatography (GC) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of oxadiazon in water and soil samples. In this method, fine droplets of toluene were formedand dispersed in the sample with the help of ultrasonic waves which accelerated the formation of a fine cloudy solution without using disperser solvents. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, extraction temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation time, were investigated and optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions a detection limit of 0.1 μg L–1 and a good linearity in a calibration range of 0.25–250 μg L–1 were achieved for the analyte in a river water sample. This proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of oxadiazon in water and soil samples.KEYWORDS Utrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, oxadiazon, gas chromatography, water samples, soil samples

Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as second-line treatment in autoimmune hepatitis:Is the evidence of sufficient quality to develop recommendations?

BACKGROUND The standard management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is based on corticosteroids, alone or in combination with azathioprine. Second-line treatments are needed for patients who have refractory disease. However, high-quality data on the alternative management of AIH are scarce. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the quality of evidence by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data were performed. We calculated pooled event rates for three outcome measures: Biochemical remission, adverse events, and mortality, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The pooled biochemical remission rate was 68.9% (95%CI: 60.4-76.2) for tacrolimus, and 59.6% (95%CI: 54.8-64.2) for MMF, and rates of adverse events were 25.5% (95%CI: 12.4-45.3) for tacrolimus and 24.1% (95%CI: 15.4-35.7) for MMF. The pooled mortality rate was estimated at 11.5% (95%CI: 7.1-18.1) for tacrolimus and 9.01% (95%CI: 6.2-12.8) for MMF. Pooled biochemical remission rates for tacrolimus and MMF in patients with intolerance to standard therapy were 56.6% (CI: 43.4-56.6) vs 73.5% (CI: 58.1-84.7), and among non-responders were 59.1% (CI: 48.7-68.8) vs 40.8% (CI: 32.3-50.0), respectively. Moreover, the overall quality assessments using GRADE proved to be very low for all our outcomes in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus and MMF are in practice considered effective for patients with AIH who are non-responders or intolerant to first-line treatment, but we found no high-quality evidence to support this statement

Comparison of quadruple and triple Furazolidone containing regimens on eradication of helicobacter pylori

Background: The effectiveness of classic standard triple therapy regimen of helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has decreased to unacceptably low levels, largely related to development of resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin. Thus successful eradication of H. pylori infections remains challenging. Therefore alternative treatments with superior effectiveness and safety should be designed and appropriately tested in all areas depending on the native resistance patterns. Furazolidone has been used successfully in eradication regimens previously and regimens containing furazolidone may be an ideal regimen. Methods: H. pylori infected patients with proven gastric or duodenal ulcers and /or gastric or duodenal erosions at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari/Northern Iran, were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (OABF) with furazolidone (F) (200 mg bid.), group B (OABM-F) metronidazole (M) (500 mg bid.) for the first five days, followed by furazolidone (F) (200 mg bid.) for the second five days and group C (OAF) with furazolidone (F) (200 mg tid.). Omeprazole (O) (20 mg bid.) and amoxicillin (A) (1000 mg bid.) were given in all groups; bismuth (B) (240 mg bid.) was prescribed in groups A&B. Duration of all eradication regimens were ten days. Eight weeks after treatment, a 14C-urea breath test was performed for evaluation of H. pylori eradication. Results: A total of 372 patients were enrolled in three groups randomly (124 patients in each group); 120 (97) patients in group A (OABF), 120 (97) in group B (OABM-F) and 116 (93) in group C (OAF) completed the study. The intention-to-treat eradication rates were 83.7 (95 CI= 77.3-90.4), 79.8 (95 CI= 72.6-87), and 84.6 (95 CI= 78.2-91.1) and per-protocol eradication rates were 86.6 (95 CI= 80.5-92.8), 82.5 (95 CI= 75.6-89.4), and 90.5 (95 CI= 85.1-95.9) for groups OABF, OABM-F, and OAF, respectively. No statistical significant differences were found in case of severe drug adverse effects between the above mentioned three groups (p> 0.05). The most common side effects, namely nausea and fever, occurred in all groups, but more frequently in group C (OAF) (p< 0.05). Conclusion: In developing countries such as Iran, furazolidone-based regimens can substitute clarithromycinbased regimens for H. pylori eradication because of a very low level of resistance, low cost and high effectiveness. Considering per-protocol eradication rate of ten days OAF regimen, and the acceptable limit of ninety percent, we recommend this regimen in developing countries such as Iran to be substituted of classic standard triple therapy. In order to minimize rare serious adverse effects, one week high dose OAF regimen should be taken into consideration in other studies

Campo ambiental midiatizado: a vigilância colaborativa da Amazônia

RESUMO A manifestação do complexo processo de midiatização potencializou-se nas últimas décadas. Nesse cenário, os campos sociais se apropriaram de mecanismos discursivos do campo midiático, o que possibilitou a emergência de um espaço para a reflexão, vigilância e monitoramento de questões globais como os problemas ambientais. O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar como ocorrem imbricações entre os campos midiático e ambiental a partir da intensificação do processo de midiatização através do qual distintos cidadãos constroem o&nbsp;InfoAmazonia, banco de dados sobre as problemáticas da Amazônia. Para tanto, o trabalho se assenta metodologicamente na perspectiva da análise semiológica para identificar o contrato de leitura (VERÓN, 2004) construído pela plataforma. A investigação aponta que este enunciador se caracteriza pela legitimação de um sujeito protagonista, cogestor na vigilância colaborativa da Amazônia. Palavras-chave: midiatização; campo ambiental; contrato de leitura &nbsp; RESUMEN La manifestación del complejo proceso de mediatización se intensifica en las últimas décadas. En este escenario, los mecanismos discursivos del campo de los medios son apropiados por los campos sociales, lo que permitió el surgimento de un espacio de reflexión, vigilancia y rastreo de temas globales como los problemas ambientales. Lo objetivo deste artículo és mostrar cómo se producen solapamientos entre los campos mediático e ambiental gracias a intensificación del proceso de mediatizatión, además analizar y describir el contracto de lectura que emerge del proceso de construcción de&nbsp;InfoAmazonia, base de datos sobre los problemas de la Amazonía. Por lo tanto, el trabajo se basa metodológicamente en la perspectiva semiológica para identificar el contrato de lectura (VERÓN, 2004) de la plataforma. La investigación muestra que este enunciador se caracteriza por la legitimación de un actor protagonista, cogestor en la vigilancia de colaboración de la Amazonia. &nbsp; Palabras clave:&nbsp;mediatización; campo ambiental; contracto de lectura &nbsp; ABSTRACT The manifestation of the complex process of mediatization is leveraged in recent decades. Under this scenario, the social fields appropriated discursive mechanisms of the media field, which allowed the emergence of a space for reflection, surveillance and monitoring of global issues such as environmental problems. This research aims to show how they occur overlaps between the media and environmental fields with the intensification of mediatization, besides analyze and describe the reading agreement emerging from the construction process of InfoAmazonia, a database about the problems of the Amazon. Therefore, the work is methodologically based on semiological perspective to identify the platform reading contract (VERÓN, 2004). Research shows that this annunciator is characterized by the legitimation of a subject protagonist, who helps oversee the collaborative surveillance of the Amazon. &nbsp; Keywords:&nbsp;mediatization; environmental field; reading agreement

Differentiation of wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells

Background: Diabetes caused by insulin production disturbance is considered as the most common metabolic disorder all over the world. Diabetes may outbreak because of low insulin secretion by Islets of Langerhans β-cells, insulin resistance or both of them. In this way, using stem cells, which have the capability to differentiate into Pancreatic β-cells, is one of novel methods in this field. MSCs are the most important candidates for cellular therapy. Materials and Methods: Insulin level was examined using ELIZA method. In order to examine the morphology of differentiated cells, they were stained by Dithizone. Insulin-producer cells are cells which turn into red as a result of staining. Specific gene involving insulin-producing cells was evaluated by Real Time-PCR method. Results: The ELISA results showed that the treated cells secreted more insulin than the control group. Moreover, we found differentiation of MSCs toward insulin-secreting cells. In order to evaluate insulin production in clusters on day 21 of differentiation, we used dithizone (DTZ) staining. PDX-1 gene was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Conclusion: In this study, we differentiated MSCs into insulin-producing cells in vitro. It is concluded that MSCs may be considered as an excellent candidate in β-cell therapy in diabetes patients. © 2018, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved

Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation and characterization

Wharton`s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs), have a high proliferation valency and they do not produce teratogen or carcinogen after subsequent transplantation. They are known as regenerative medicine. Thus more research is needed on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. In this experimental study, we obtained Wharton's jelly tissues from mothers during normal vaginal delivery, after obtaining their informed consent. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from cultured Wharton`s jelly, cultured, and were then examined for their proliferation, immunophenotypes, and differentiation capacities. The immunophenotypes of WJ-MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Differentiation was performed resulting in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic cells. WJ-MSCs formed a homogenous monolayer of adherent spindle-shaped cells. Our results showed the high capacity of the proliferation of WJ-MSCs. Immunophenotyping further confirmed the purity of the isolated cells; their surface antigen expression showed the phenotypical properties like those of WJ-MSCs. The expanded cells were positive for CD 90, CD105, and CD44; they were negative for CD34 and HLA-DR surface markers. The cells had the adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity. The isolation and characterization of WJ-MSCs with high purity had been conducted, and the results were obtained in a short span. The present study has revealed the feasibility of the culture medium with high glucose and 15 FBS in isolation and proliferation of WJ-MSCs. When Wharton`s jelly pieces were put in the dry bottom of the flask, very effective separation of the MSCs was achieved. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation and characterization

Wharton`s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs), have a high proliferation valency and they do not produce teratogen or carcinogen after subsequent transplantation. They are known as regenerative medicine. Thus more research is needed on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. In this experimental study, we obtained Wharton's jelly tissues from mothers during normal vaginal delivery, after obtaining their informed consent. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from cultured Wharton`s jelly, cultured, and were then examined for their proliferation, immunophenotypes, and differentiation capacities. The immunophenotypes of WJ-MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Differentiation was performed resulting in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic cells. WJ-MSCs formed a homogenous monolayer of adherent spindle-shaped cells. Our results showed the high capacity of the proliferation of WJ-MSCs. Immunophenotyping further confirmed the purity of the isolated cells; their surface antigen expression showed the phenotypical properties like those of WJ-MSCs. The expanded cells were positive for CD 90, CD105, and CD44; they were negative for CD34 and HLA-DR surface markers. The cells had the adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity. The isolation and characterization of WJ-MSCs with high purity had been conducted, and the results were obtained in a short span. The present study has revealed the feasibility of the culture medium with high glucose and 15 FBS in isolation and proliferation of WJ-MSCs. When Wharton`s jelly pieces were put in the dry bottom of the flask, very effective separation of the MSCs was achieved. © 2018 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved