2,431 research outputs found
OPTIMALISASI SECURING CARGO PETI KEMAS DI MV. SAMUDRA INDAH 2
ABSTRAKSI
IGO OKTORA H, 2018, NIT : 51145152.N, âOptimalisasi Securing Cargo
Petikemas di MV. Samudra Indah 2â, skripsi Program Studi Nautika,
Program Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I:
Capt. Agus Hadi Puurwantomo, M.Mar, Pembimbing II: Daryanto S.H.,
M.M.
Securing cargo adalah usaha yang dilakukan untuk mengamankan dan
melindungi dari gerakan-gerakan mengangguk kapal dapat mengakibatkan
mengendurnya lasingan muatan. Jenis kapal petikemas secara garis besar dapat
dibedakan dalam dua jenis yaitu :kapal full container dan kapal semi container.
Pada prinsipnya semua kapal dalam melaksanakan pemuatannya, mempunyai
tujuan untuk menjaga keselamatan muatan dan awak kapal baik dalam proses
permuatan, proses pembongkaran dan selama pelayaran. Terutama dalam hal
masalah lasing muatan selama pelayaran harus benar-benar diperhatikan. Seperti
halnya pada kapal MV. Samudra Indah 2 dimana penulis melaksanakan praktek
berlayar. Selain akibat pergerakan-pergerakan kapal faktor dari manusiapun
memungkinkan terjadinya bahaya-bahaya yang disebabkan oleh muatan. Faktorfaktor
tersebut antara lain, pelaksanaan securing cargo yang tidak sesuai dengan
prosedur, Pemberian alat-alat lasing yang tidak lengkap, kurangnya skill buruh
dalam hal pelaksanaan securing cargo yang sesuai prosedur, serta kurangnya
partisipasi awak kapal dalam pengamanan muatan.
Dalam pelaksanaannya, seorang peneliti harus menggunakan metodemetode
tertentu untuk mengumpulkan data yang tersusun secara sistematis sesuai
dengan tujuan penelitian. Ada bermacam-macam metode yang dipergunakan
untuk mengumpulkan data seperti interview, observasi, dan kepustakaan. Namun
tidak satu teknik pun yang paling dianggap baik.
Dengan melaksanakan securing cargo tersebut diharapkan securing cargo
petikemas dapat dilaksanakan sesuai prosedur untuk menjaga muatan petikemas
terjaga sampai di pelabuhan tujuan dengan lancer, aman, cepat, efektif, dan
efisien. Pada akhir bagian skripsi penulis menyajikan kesimpulan dan saran.
ABSTRACT
IGO OKTORA H, 2018, NIT: 51145152.N, "Optimality Securing Cargo
Container MV. Samudra Indah 2 ", essay of Nautical Study Program,
Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang,1st supervisor: Capt. Agus
Hadi Puurwantomo, M.Mar, Pembimbing II: Daryanto S.H., M.M.
Securing cargo is an effort made to secure and protect from nodding
movements may result in loosening of the charge weld. Types of container vessels
can be broadly divided into two types: full-container ships and semi-container
vessels. In principle, all ships in carrying out their loads, have a purpose to
maintain the safety of cargo and crew both in the process of loading, dismantling
and during the voyage. Particularly in the case of lasing issues during the voyage
should be taken into account. Just like on a MV. Samudra Indah 2 where the
authors carry out the practice of sailing. In addition to the effects of the ship
movements, the factor of any human being allows the occurrence of the dangers
caused by the load. These factors include the implementation of cargo securing
cargo that is not in accordance with the procedure, the provision of incomplete
lasing equipment, the lack of labor skills in terms of implementation of cargo
securing cargo according to procedures, and the lack of participation of crew
members in charge cargo.
In practice, a researcher must use certain methods to collect data organized
systematically in accordance with the objectives of the study. There are various
methods used to collect data such as interviews, observations, and literature. But
not one technique is most considered good.
By implementing the securing cargo, it is expected that cargo container
cargo can be carried out in accordance with the procedure to keep the container
load safely until the port of destination with lancer, safe, fast, effective and
efficient. At the end of the authors section presents conclusions and suggestions
Measurement of the analyzing power of proton-carbon elastic scattering in the CNI region at RHIC
The single transverse spin asymmetry, A_N, of the p-carbon elastic scattering
process in the Coulomb Nuclear Interference (CNI) region was measured using an
ultra thin carbon target and polarized proton beam in the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). In 2004, data were
collected to calibrate the p-carbon process at two RHIC energies (24 GeV, 100
GeV). A_N was obtained as a function of momentum transfer -t. The results were
fit with theoretical models which allow us to assess the contribution from a
hadronic spin flip amplitude.Comment: Contribution to the proceedings of the 16th International Spin
Physics Symposium, spin2004 (Trieste
GEOLOGI DAN STUDI PENGARUH SESAR HILL 11 TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KUALITAS BATUBARA DAERAH TUTUPAN KEC. WARA KAB. TABALONG
Lokasi penelitian terletak di daerah Tutupan, Kecamatan Wara, Kabupaten
Tabalong, Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Daerah penelitian terletak di kuasa
pertambangan PT Adaro Indonesia yang secara administratif masuk dalam Propinsi
Kalimantan Selatan yang berada di Kabupaten Tabalong. Daerah telitian secara geografis
berada pada 115Âș33â30â sampai dengan 115Âș26â10â Bujur Timur dan 2Âș7â30â sampai
dengan 2Âș55â30â Lintang Selatan. Lokasi telitian terletak di daerah penambangan
Tutupan tepatnya di lokasi penambangan Hill 11.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pemetaan geologi meliputi pengumpulan
data litologi, struktur geologi, stratigrafi, geomorfologi, dan pengambilan sampel batuan
meliputi sampel petrografi, mikropaleontologi dan batubara. Untuk menunjang
penelitian, dilakukan anĂĄlisis nilai kalori dan kandungan sulfur pada sampel batubara
yang selanjutnya hasilnya dikaitkan dengan geologi daerah teitian, khususnya dengan
struktur geologi yang berkembang di daerah telitian.
Morfologi daerah telitian dibagi kedalam dua bentuk asal, yaitu bentuk asal
stuktural yang mencakup Bukit homoklin berlereng miring (S1) dan Bukit homoklin
berlereng landai (S2), serta bentuk asal aspek manusia yang mencakup bentuk lahan
Kolam Penampungan Hasil Penambangan (H1), bentuk lahan dinding tambang berlereng
sangat curam Hasil penambangan (H2), dan bentuk lahan dinding tambang berlereng
landai hasil Penambangan (H3).
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan lapangan, stratigrafi daerah telitian dapat dibagi
menjadi 3 satuan litostratigrafi tidak resmi dengan urutan dari tua ke muda sebagai
berikut : satuan batupasir kuarsa Warukin (Miosen Tengah) dengan lingkungan
pengendapan upper delta plain, satuan batulempung Warukin (Miosen tengah) dengan
lingkungan pengendapan transisional lower delta plain dan endapan alluvial (kuarter).
Struktur geologi daerah telitian terdiri dari struktur homoklin, sesar kanan naik hill
11, sesar naik hill 11 serta kekar dan cleat. Struktur homoklin ditandai dengan kedudukan
batuan pada daerah telitian yang secara umum miring ke tenggara. Struktur sesar terdiri
dari sesar kanan naik Hill 11 dengan nama thrust right slip fault (Rickard 1972) dan sesar
naik hill 11 diinterpretasi dari adanya microfold yang ditemukan di daerah telitian.
Struktur kekar dan cleat secara umum memiliki kedudukan yang sama jika dilihat dari
arah extension joint dan face cleat yang memiliki arah N 255
0
E hingga N 290
0
E. Kualitas batubara daerah telitian ditinjau berdasarkan nilai kalori dan kandungan
sulfur. Secara umum nilai kalori dari batubara daerah telitian yaitu 5600 cal/g, dimana
nilai kalori sama pada seam-seam utama yang ada yaitu pada seam T110, T120 dan T300.
Sedangkan nilai kandungan sulfur batubara daerah telitian berkisar antara 0.12-0.19 %.
Hasil analisa laboratorium terhadap sampel batubara T120 yang diambil pada tiga titik
berbeda, menunjukkan nilai kalori dan kandungan sulfur yang sama dengan nilai pada
umumnya, kecuali pada sampel yang diambil pada bidang sesar, mengalami perubahan
niai kalori yang mencolok mencapai 6084 cal/g. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh
penambahan tekanan dan suhu saat pembentukan sesar akan meningkatkan nilai kalori
batubara, sedangkan perubahan kandungan sulfur yang tidak mencolok karena pengaruh
lingkungan pengendapan upper delta plain, dimana pengaruh marin tidak signifikan
sehingga cleat yang terbentuk akibat proses pensesaran ini tidak banyak terisi oleh sulfur
Sneutrino Mass Measurements at e+e- Linear Colliders
It is generally accepted that experiments at an e+e- linear colliders will be
able to extract the masses of the selectron as well as the associated
sneutrinos with a precision of ~ 1% by determining the kinematic end points of
the energy spectrum of daughter electrons produced in their two body decays to
a lighter neutralino or chargino. Recently, it has been suggested that by
studying the energy dependence of the cross section near the production
threshold, this precision can be improved by an order of magnitude, assuming an
integrated luminosity of 100 fb^-1. It is further suggested that these
threshold scans also allow the masses of even the heavier second and third
generation sleptons and sneutrinos to be determined to better than 0.5%. We
re-examine the prospects for determining sneutrino masses. We find that the
cross sections for the second and third generation sneutrinos are too small for
a threshold scan to be useful. An additional complication arises because the
cross section for sneutrino pair to decay into any visible final state(s)
necessarily depends on an unknown branching fraction, so that the overall
normalization in unknown. This reduces the precision with which the sneutrino
mass can be extracted. We propose a different strategy to optimize the
extraction of m(\tilde{\nu}_\mu) and m(\tilde{\nu}_\tau) via the energy
dependence of the cross section. We find that even with an integrated
luminosity of 500 fb^-1, these can be determined with a precision no better
than several percent at the 90% CL. We also examine the measurement of
m(\tilde{\nu}_e) and show that it can be extracted with a precision of about
0.5% (0.2%) with an integrated luminosity of 120 fb^-1 (500 fb^-1).Comment: RevTex, 46 pages, 15 eps figure
A Clinically Relevant Method of Analyzing Continuous Change in Robotic Upper Extremity Chronic Stroke Rehabilitation
Background. Robots designed for rehabilitation of the upper extremity after stroke facilitate high rates of repetition during practice of movements and record precise kinematic data, providing a method to investigate motor recovery profiles over time. Objective. To determine how motor recovery profiles during robotic interventions provide insight into improving clinical gains. Methods. A convenience sample (n = 22), from a larger randomized control trial, was taken of chronic stroke participants completing 12 sessions of arm therapy. One group received 60 minutes of robotic therapy (Robot only) and the other group received 45 minutes on the robot plus 15 minutes of translation-to-task practice (Robot + TTT). Movement time was assessed using the robot without powered assistance. Analyses (ANOVA, random coefficient modeling [RCM] with 2-term exponential function) were completed to investigate changes across the intervention, between sessions, and within a session. Results. Significant improvement (P < .05) in movement time across the intervention (pre vs post) was similar between the groups but there were group differences for changes between and within sessions (P < .05). The 2-term exponential function revealed a fast and slow component of learning that described performance across consecutive blocks. The RCM identified individuals who were above or below the marginal model. Conclusions. The expanded analyses indicated that changes across time can occur in different ways but achieve similar goals and may be influenced by individual factors such as initial movement time. These findings will guide decisions regarding treatment planning based on rates of motor relearning during upper extremity stroke robotic interventions
The cross section minima in elastic Nd scattering: a ``smoking gun'' for three nucleon force effects
Neutron-deuteron elastic scattering cross sections are calculated at
different energies using modern nucleon-nucleon interactions and the
Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force adjusted to the triton binding energy.
Predictions based on NN forces only underestimate nucleon-deuteron data in the
minima at higher energies starting around 60 MeV. Adding the three-nucleon
forces fills up those minima and reduces the discrepancies significantly.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
A fluorescence-based reporter substrate for monitoring RNA editing in trypanosomatid pathogens
RNA editing regulates mitochondrial gene expression in trypanosomatid pathogens by creating functional mRNAs. It is catalyzed by a multi-protein complex (the editosome), and is found to be essential in both insect stage and mammalian blood stream form of Trypanosoma brucei. This particular form of RNA editing is unique to trypanosomatids, and thus provides a suitable drug target in trypanosomatid pathogens. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a rapid and sensitive fluorescence-based reporter assay to monitor RNA editing based on ribozyme activity. We could validate our new assay using previously identified inhibitors against the essential RNA editing ligase. The principle advantages of this assay are: (i) the use of non-radioactively labeled materials, (ii) sensitivity afforded by fluorescence instrumentation applicable to high-throughput screening of chemical inhibitors against the essential editosome and (iii) a rapid and convenient âmix and measureâ type of assay in low volume with a high signal to noise ratio. This assay should enhance rapid identification and characterization of the editosome inhibitors primarily based on the overall composition of the editosomes from T. brucei. These inhibitors could also be tested against the editosomes from the closely related pathogens including T. cruzi and Leishmania species
Dielectron Cross Section Measurements in Nucleus-Nucleus Reactions at 1.0 A GeV
We present measured dielectron production cross sections for Ca+Ca, C+C,
He+Ca, and d+Ca reactions at 1.0 A GeV. Statistical uncertainties and
systematic effects are smaller than in previous DLS nucleus-nucleus data. For
pair mass < 0.35 GeV/c2 : 1) the Ca+Ca cross section is larger than the
previous DLS measurement and current model results, 2) the mass spectra suggest
large contributions from pi0 and eta Dalitz decays, and 3) dsigma/dM is
proportional to ApAt. For M > 0.5 GeV/c2 the Ca+Ca to C+C cross section ratio
is significantly larger than the ratio of ApAt values.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Further analysis information
will be posted on our web pages -- http://macdls.lbl.gov Figure 1 has been
redrawn to make more legible. Text modified to support redrawn figur
Nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering as a tool to probe properties of three-nucleon forces
Faddeev equations for elastic Nd scattering have been solved using modern NN
forces combined with the Tucson-Melbourne two-pion exchange three-nucleon
force, with a modification thereof closer to chiral symmetry and the Urbana IX
three-nucleon force. Theoretical predictions for the differential cross section
and several spin observables using NN forces only and NN forces combined with
three-nucleon force models are compared to each other and to the existing data.
A wide range of energies from 3 to 200 MeV is covered. Especially at the higher
energies striking three-nucleon force effects are found, some of which are
supported by the still rare set of data, some are in conflict with data and
thus very likely point to defects in those three-nucleon force models.Comment: 30 pages, 14 Postscript figures; now minor changes in figures and
reference
- âŠ