Paternalism to Partnership

A biographical sketch of each head of Indian affairs between 1786 and 2021, including each commissioner’s political philosophy

Paternalism to Partnership

A biographical sketch of each head of Indian affairs between 1786 and 2021, including each commissioner’s political philosophy

A multi-sensing monitoring system to study deterioration of a railway bridge

This study presents a multi-sensing monitoring system recently installed in a Victorian railway viaduct in Leeds, UK. The viaduct is in continuous use since its construction during the 19th century and suffers extensive cracking due to the combined action of increased train loads and environmental effects. The bridge was retrofitted in 2015 and there was the need to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and better understand the ongoing deterioration process. For this reason, a multi-sensing system was designed that comprises a fibre Bragg grating network to measure distributed dynamic deformation across three arch spans of the bridge, acoustic emission sensors to detect rates of cracking, and high sensitivity accelerometers to study the dynamic response at critical locations. The system is self-sustaining, self-powered and remotely controlled, and uses an algorithm that combines information from the three different types of sensors to track variations of response parameters of the bridge over time.This work is being funded by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, EPSRC and Innovate UK through the Data-Centric Engineering programme of the Alan Turing Institute and through the Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction. Funding for the monitoring installation was provided by EPSRC under the Ref. EP/N021614/1 grant and by Innovate UK under the Ref. 920035 grant

The Marsh Lane Railway Viaduct: 2 Years of Monitoring with Combined Sensing and Surveying Technologies

Marsh Lane viaduct is a typical example of a 19th century brick masonry railway arch in the UK. It frequently carries passenger trains to and from Leeds Station. This paper broadly discusses the sensing techniques and associated analysis procedures used to (i) identify the reasons for existing damage, (ii) quantify their impact on the dynamic response of the structure and (iii) measure degradation of the response over a period of one year. To identify existing damage, distortions in geometry of the structure are examined with new point cloud processing techniques. With the aid of limit analyses, these distortions are interpreted, and past support movements which may have caused the distortions are identified. Then, to measure the dynamic response of the bridge, quasi-distributed fibre optic strain sensing and digital image correlation displacement measurement techniques are used. These highlight the increased dynamic response around locations of existing damage, and point out to the global mechanisms of response that could propagate damage. Continuous fibre optic strain measurements between November 2017 and 2018 are then discussed to investigate the ongoing deterioration.This work is being funded by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, EPSRC and Innovate UK through the Data-Centric Engineering programme of the Alan Turing Institute and through the Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction. Funding for the monitoring installation was provided by EPSRC under the Ref. EP/N021614/1 grant and by Innovate UK under the Ref. 920035 grant

The Evolutionary Dynamics of Digital and Nucleotide Codes: A Mutation Protection Perspective

Both digital codes in computers and nucleotide codes in cells are protected against mutations. Here we explore how mutation protection affects the random change and selection of digital and nucleotide codes. We illustrate our findings with a computer simulation of the evolution of a population of self replicating digital amoebae. We show that evolutionary programming of digital codes is a valid model for the evolution of nucleotide codes by random change within the boundaries of mutation protection, not for evolution by unbounded random change. Our mutation protection perspective enhances the understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of digital and nucleotide codes and its limitations, and reveals a paradox between the necessity of dysfunctioning mutation protection for evolution and its disadvantage for survival. Our mutation protection perspective suggests new directions for research into mutational robustness

Space construction system analysis. Part 2: Platform definition

The top level system requirements are summarized and the accompanying conceptual design for an engineering and technology verification platform (ETVP) system is presented. An encompassing statement of the system objectives which drive the system requirements is presented and the major mission and subsystem requirements are described with emphasis on the advanced communications technology mission payload. The platform design is defined and used as a reference configuration for an end to space construction analyses. The preferred construction methods and processes, the important interactions between the platform design and the construction system design and operation, and the technology development efforts required to support the design and space construction of the ETVP are outlined

Super-resolution provided by the arbitrarily strong superlinearity of the blackbody radiation

Blackbody radiation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature, and its explanation by Planck marks a cornerstone in the history of Physics. In this theoretical work, we show that the spectral radiance given by Planck's law is strongly superlinear with temperature, with an arbitrarily large local exponent for decreasing wavelengths. From that scaling analysis, we propose a new concept of super-resolved detection and imaging: if a focused beam of energy is scanned over an object that absorbs and linearly converts that energy into heat, a highly nonlinear thermal radiation response is generated, and its point spread function can be made arbitrarily smaller than the excitation beam focus. Based on a few practical scenarios, we propose to extend the notion of super-resolution beyond its current niche in microscopy to various kinds of excitation beams, a wide range of spatial scales, and a broader diversity of target objects