Aus Dorpat (Tartu) nach Italien und zurück. Über die Bildungsreise Woldemar Friedrich Krügers vermittelt durch die an Karl Eduard von Liphart von 1832 bis 1834 gesandten Briefe

The article accompanies the comments and publication of letters written by an Estonian artist Woldemar Friedrich Krüger to his friend Karl Eduard von Liphart, an art collector and expert from Munich between 1832–1834. The main intention of the author has been to provide the reader with the necessary short biography of the Woldemar Krüger and to contextualize the years in which the letters were written. Also the paper aims to open up some subjects and keywords that occur in the letters sent by Krüger to Liphart. The letters that are deposited in the Herder Institute Dokumentesammlung (DSHI) illustrate the early years in the lives of Krüger and Liphart when they both were in their twenties and only in the very beginning with their professional career. Artist Krüger, who was able to study and travel abroad only with the help of the Lipharts family, was especially interested in acquiring technical skills in lithography and encaustic (wax painting). The letters from Munich reveal us a very practically minded and careful personality as Krüger even hesitates before travelling to Italy being afraid that it could lead him away from his routine and practicing. Unfortunately, the letters do not prove whether Krüger attended any official and regular art course during his stay in Munich. However, the letters add valuable information about the developing years of both of the artist Woldemar Krüger and art connoisseur Karl Eduard von Liphart. The correspondence enables us to have a glance at the ideas and acquaintances that they shared and how studying abroad could look like in the 19th century

Trap-tubs as a means of vole-damage reduction in afforestations

Krüger, F., Jarchow, D

The Role of Entscheider in the Asylum Procedure: A Legal and Ethical Analysis

In this article we examine the role of Entscheider (decision-makers) in the German asylum procedure, both legally and ethical. As the responsibility for deciding on asylum applications lies exclusively with them, their significance for the German asylum procedure can hardly be underestimated. However, over the last few decades the situation of Entscheider changed significantly: While the number and complexity of the cases they have to decide on has increased due to the growing immigration, the requirements for their education have been lowered, owed to critical amendments to the relevant law. We analyze how the law currently defines the role of Entscheider, whether the legal framework is constitutional, and what modifications morality requires. Although the law defining their role seems to be constitutional, Entscheider’s education must be improved and they must be entrusted with the hearing of the applicants to meet what morality requires, we conclude. DOI: 10.17879/95189429199

Influence of different soil preparation techniques on organically grown strawberries

From June 2005 till June 2007 different soil preparation techniques like chiselling and advance sowing of medicinal plants and green manuring were proofed for their influence on reducing plant losses of strawberries caused by root diseases like Phytophthora species and Verticillium dahliae. The variants were combined with potted plants and Frigos. The experiment took place on an organic fruit farm near Stuttgart, Germany, with the strawberry variety ´Elsanta´. Focused on root diseases, habit and yield chiselling combined with Frigos and green manuring combined with potted plants showed the best results. Generally the marketable yield was often below yields from conventional cultivation. This project is granted by Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau (BÖL, FKZ 03OE087: 2004-2006, FKZ 06OE221: 2007-2009). It includes also experiments about cutting techniques at raspberries, plant protection at black- and gooseberries and weed control at blueberries and black currants. The part of weed control is carried out by ÖON Jork (Germany)

Discovering the Invisible Internet : Methodological Aspects of Searching Religion on the Internet

Oliver Krüger discusses some empirical problems of Internet research in his contribution. Analysis of online discussion groups within the Wiccan and neopagan movement that refer to rituals indicates that new social and hierarchical structures also emerge within the ”online community”. Nonetheless, only subsequent interviews with users of those discussion forums could reveal some basic aspects of online communication and its social dimension. This gives rise to some further questions. How much can we tell about communication on religious Web sites? What are the limits of an immanent analysis of Web sites? What can we tell about social structures within online communities and about individual user preferences in a ritual discourse? How can we deal with the problem of identity of Internet users? What is empirically invisible for us? Acknowledging the limits of our conclusions on postmodern religion and religious people derived purely from online research, Krüger advocates combining online research with classical empirical fieldwork, such as quantitative surveys or qualitative interviews with users and Webmasters

One-Nucleon Effective Generators of the Poincare Group derived from a Field Theory: Mass Renormalization

We start from a Lagrangian describing scalar "nucleons" and mesons which interact through a simple vertex. Okubo's method of unitary transformation is used to describe a single nucleon dressed by its meson cloud. We find an expression for the physical mass of the nucleon being correct up to second order in the coupling constant. It is then verified that this result is the same as the corresponding expression found by Feynman techniques. Finally we also express the three boost operators in terms of the physical nucleon mass. Doing so we find expressions for all the ten generators of Poincar\'e transformations for the system of one single dressed nucleon.Comment: 19 pages, no figure

Albedo reduction by absorbing aerosols over China

Long-term observations with satellites show that absorbing aerosols have reduced the local planetary albedo (LPA) over China during the recent decade. While the reduction of air pollution was leading to an LPA decrease in Europe, an increase of pollution in China also lowered the LPA. The strong absorption in clouds is accompanied by a cloud lifetime effect over the Red Basin and surrounding areas in southern Chin

Southern Annular Mode response to volcanic eruptions: implications for ice core proxies

Large tropical volcanic eruptions have been observed to have a significant influence on the large-scale circulation patterns of the Northern Hemisphere, through mechanisms related to the radiative effects of the sulfate aerosols resulting from the volcanic injection of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere. While no such volcanically induced anomalies in Southern Hemisphere circulation have yet been observed, we find that in general circulation model simulations, eruptions with sulfur dioxide injections larger than that of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption do result in significant circulation changes in the SH, specifically an enhanced positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). We explore the mechanisms for such a SAM response, as well as the corresponding changes in SH temperature, sea ice and precipitation. We also explore how the anomalously strong zonal winds characteristic of the positive SAM regime affect the rate of sulfate deposition to the Antarctic ice-sheet. We suggest that the use of ice-core sulfate records as a proxy for past volcanic activity may benefit from including knowledge of, or better assumptions regarding the changes in large scale atmospheric circulation after large tropical eruptions

Die betriebliche Integration leistungsgewandelter Mitarbeiter

Die Integration leistungsgewandelter Mitarbeiter wird vor allem auf Grund des demografischen Wandels in der Arbeitswelt ein Problem für Unternehmen. Nach Begriffsbestimmungen und der Kennzeichnung der Gruppe Leistungsgewandelter erfolgt die Einordnung des Problems in verschiedene Managementkonzepte, d. h. in das Personal-, Gesundheits-, Diversity Management und Disability Management. Sodann werden das Integrations-, Separations-, Flexibilisierungs- und Insourcing-Outsourcing-Modell zur betrieblichen Eingliederung Leistungsgewandelter diskutiert. Es erfolgt überwiegend am Beispiel des Projekts "Work2Work". Schließlich werden aus diesem Projekt Folgerungen für weitere Unternehmen abgeleitet.The integration of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels is becoming an issue for companies against the background of demographic changes in the workplace. After defining the term and identifying the group of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels, the issue is integrated in management concepts i.e. in human resources, health, diversity and disability management. There follows a discussion on the integration of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels using the models for integration, separation, flexibilisation and in-sourcing/out-sourcing. The discussion is based largely on the "Work2Work" project. Conclusions are drawn from this project for other companies