Energy Spectra for Fractional Quantum Hall States

Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHS) with the filling factor nu = p/q of q < 21 are examined and their energies are calculated. The classical Coulomb energy is evaluated among many electrons; that energy is linearly dependent on 1/nu. The residual binding energies are also evaluated. The electron pair in nearest Landau-orbitals is more affected via Coulomb transition than an electron pair in non-nearest orbitals. Each nearest electron pair can transfer to some empty orbital pair, but it cannot transfer to the other empty orbital pair because of conservation of momentum. Counting the numbers of the allowed and forbidden transitions, the binding energies are evaluated for filling factors of 126 fraction numbers. Gathering the classical Coulomb energy and the pair transition energy, we obtain the spectrum of energy versus nu. This energy spectrum elucidates the precise confinement of Hall resistance at specific fractional filling factors.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Scaling Analysis of Domain-Wall Free-Energy in the Edwards-Anderson Ising Spin Glass in a Magnetic Field

The stability of the spin-glass phase against a magnetic field is studied in the three and four dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glasses. Effective couplings and effective fields associated with length scale L are measured by a numerical domain-wall renormalization group method. The results obtained by scaling analysis of the data strongly indicate the existence of a crossover length beyond which the spin-glass order is destroyed by field H. The crossover length well obeys a power law of H which diverges as H goes to zero but remains finite for any non-zero H, implying that the spin-glass phase is absent even in an infinitesimal field. These results are well consistent with the droplet theory for short-range spin glasses.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; The text is slightly changed, the figures 3, 4 and 5 are changed, and a few references are adde

Specific Nature of Hydrolysis of Insulin and Tobacco Mosaic Virus Protein by Thermolysin

Oxidized bovine insulin and tobacco mosaic virus protein used to determine hydrolysis specificity of thermolysi

Quark Confinement Physics from Quantum Chromodynamics

We show the construction of the dual superconducting theory for the confinement mechanism from QCD in the maximally abelian (MA) gauge using the lattice QCD Monte Carlo simulation. We find that essence of infrared abelian dominance is naturally understood with the off-diagonal gluon mass $m_{\rm off} \simeq 1.2 {\rm GeV}$ induced by the MA gauge fixing. In the MA gauge, the off-diagonal gluon amplitude is forced to be small, and the off-diagonal gluon phase tends to be random. As the mathematical origin of abelian dominance for confinement, we demonstrate that the strong randomness of the off-diagonal gluon phase leads to abelian dominance for the string tension. In the MA gauge, there appears the macroscopic network of the monopole world-line covering the whole system. We investigate the monopole-current system in the MA gauge by analyzing the dual gluon field $B_\mu$. We evaluate the dual gluon mass as $m_B = 0.4 \sim$ 0.5GeV in the infrared region, which is the lattice-QCD evidence of the dual Higgs mechanism by monopole condensation. Owing to infrared abelian dominance and infrared monopole condensation, QCD in the MA gauge is describable with the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory.Comment: Invited talk given at KEK-Tanashi International Symposium on Physics of Hadrons and Nuclei, Tokyo, Japan, 14-17 Dec 199

Complex Heavy-Quark Potential at Finite Temperature from Lattice QCD

We calculate for the first time the complex potential between a heavy quark and antiquark at finite temperature across the deconfinement transition in lattice QCD. The real and imaginary part of the potential at each separation distance $r$ is obtained from the spectral function of the thermal Wilson loop. We confirm the existence of an imaginary part above the critical temperature $T_C$, which grows as a function of $r$ and underscores the importance of collisions with the gluonic environment for the melting of heavy quarkonia in the quark-gluon-plasma.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in PR

Evolutionary branching under multi-dimensional evolutionary constraints

The fitness of an existing phenotype and of a potential mutant should generally depend on the frequencies of other existing phenotypes. Adaptive evolution driven by such frequency-dependent fitness functions can be analyzed effectively using adaptive dynamics theory, assuming rare mutation and asexual reproduction. When possible mutations are restricted to certain directions due to developmental, physiological, or physical constraints, the resulting adaptive evolution may be restricted to subspaces (constraint surfaces) with fewer dimensionalities than the original trait spaces. To analyze such dynamics along constraint surfaces efficiently, we develop a Lagrange multiplier method in the framework of adaptive dynamics theory. On constraint surfaces of arbitrary dimensionalities described with equality constraints, our method efficiently finds local evolutionarily stable strategies, convergence stable points, and evolutionary branching points. We also derive the conditions for the existence of evolutionary branching points on constraint surfaces when the shapes of the surfaces can be chosen freely

Electron-positron annihilation into phi f_{0}(980) and clues for a new 1^{--} resonance

We study the e^{+}e^{-} to phi pi pi reaction for pions in an isoscalar s-wave which is dominated by loop mechanisms. For kaon loops we start from the conventional RCHPT, but use the unitarized amplitude for KbarK-pipi scattering and the full kaon form factor instead of the lowest order terms. We study also effects of vector mesons using RCHPT supplemented with the conventional anomalous term for VVP interactions and taking into account the effects of heavy vector mesons in the K*K transition form factor. We find a peak in the dipion invariant mass around the f_{0}(980) as in the experiment. Selecting the phi f_{0}(980) contribution as a function of the e^{+}e^{-} energy we also reproduce the experimental data except for a narrow peak, yielding support to the existence of a 1^{--} resonance above the phi f_{0}(980) threshold, coupling strongly to this state.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure