X-ray analysis of different starch granules

Crystal sizes and lattice distortion parameters for root, pulse and cereal starch granules have been determined using observed X-ray diffraction reflections by Fourier method. Enthalpy for the formation of the lattice in root, pulse and cereal starches has been estimated and compared. It is found that the crystal size is normally high in root starch compared to pulse and cereal starches

Orientational distribution function in nematic liquid crystals by x-rays: Fourier method

The existing methods for the determination of the orientational distribution function f(beta) in the nematic liquid crystals using X-rays have been reviewed. A simple Fourier method which gives f(beta) in terms of the measured intensity is analysed. Using this distribution function, the accuracy with which the order parameters could be evaluated is discussed and the results show the elegance of the Fourier method used here

Testing for Phase Capacity in Surveys with Multiple Waves of Nonrespondent Follow-Up

To mitigate the potentially harmful effects of nonresponse, many surveys repeatedly follow up with nonrespondents, often targeting a particular response rate or predetermined number of completes. Each additional recruitment attempt generally brings in a new wave of data, but returns gradually diminish over the course of a fixed data collection protocol. This is because each subsequent wave tends to contain fewer and fewer new responses, thereby resulting in smaller and smaller changes on (nonresponse-adjusted) point estimates. Consequently, these estimates begin to stabilize. This is the notion of phase capacity, suggesting some form of design change is in order, such as switching modes, increasing the incentive, or, as is considered exclusively in this research, discontinuing the nonrespondent follow-up campaign altogether. This dissertation consists of three methodological studies proposing and assessing various techniques survey practitioners can use to formally test for phase capacity. One of the earliest known phase capacity testing methods proposed in the literature calls for multiply imputing nonrespondents' missing data to assess, retrospectively, whether the most recent wave of data significantly altered a key estimate. The first study introduces an adaptation of this test amenable to surveys that instead reweight the observed data to compensate for nonresponse. A general limitation of methods discussed in the first study is that they are applicable to a single point estimate. The second study evaluates two extensions, each with the aim of producing a universal, yes-or-no phase capacity determination for a battery of point estimates. The third study builds upon ideas of a prospective phase capacity test recently proposed in the literature attempting to address the question of whether an imminent wave of data will significantly alter a key estimate. All three studies include a simulation study and application using data from the 2011 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey

Consumers perception towards MTR food products in palace city of Karnataka

This paper examines the history of MTR and its products. The paper analyses uniqueness or products, consumer behavior towards products. Focuses on consumer opinion towards pricing of products. The paper evaluates the distribution effectiveness of products. And also this paper offers suggestions for future development

Use of isotopically labeled substrates reveals kinetic differences between human and bacterial serine palmitoyltransferase

Isotope labels are frequently used tools to track metabolites through complex biochemical pathways and to discern the mechanisms of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Isotopically-labelled L-serine is often used to monitor the activity of the first enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) as well as labelling downstream cellular metabolites. Intrigued by the effect that isotope labels may be having on SPT catalysis, we characterised the impact of different L-serine isotopologues on the catalytic activity of recombinant SPT isozymes from humans and the bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Our data show that S. paucimobilis SPT activity displays a clear isotope effect with [2,3,3-D] L-serine, whereas the human SPT isoform does not. This suggests that whilst both human and S. paucimobilis SPT catalyse the same chemical reaction, there may well be underlying subtle differences in their catalytic mechanisms. Our results suggest that it is that the activating small subunits of human SPT that play a key role in these mechanistic variations. This study also highlight that it is important to consider the type and location of isotope labels on a substrate when they are to be used in in vitro and in vivo studies

Electrode modification using nanocomposites of electropolymerised cobalt phthalocyanines supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

A polymer of tetra(4)-(4,6-diaminopyrimidin-2-ylthio) phthalocyaninatocobalt(II) (CoPyPc) has been deposited over a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) platform and its electrocatalytic properties investigated side by side with polymerized cobalt tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoTAPc). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies were used for characterization of the prepared polymers of cobalt phthalocyanine derivatives and their nanocomposites. L-Cysteine was used as a test analyte for the electrocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites of polymerized cobalt phthalocyanines and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrocatalytic activity of both polymerized cobalt phthalocyanines was found to be superior when polymerization was done on top of MWCNTs compared to bare glassy carbon electrode. A higher sensitivity for L-cysteine detection was obtained on CoTAPc compared to CoPyPc

Effect of acid dye processing on microstructural parameters in silk fibres

The changes in microstructural parameters in silk fibres, due to acid dye processing have been studied using wide angle X-ray scattering method. Width of the crystal distribution function has been determined by Fourier analysis of (201) reflection in these silk fibres. Volume-weighted and surface-weighted crystal sizes have been estimated and compared. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

X-ray diffraction-line broadening analysis: Paracrystalline method

Line-profile simulation and matching on the basis of a paracrystalline one-dimensional Hosemann model provides a promising approach to the analysis of line broadening. Results of analysis using X-ray wide-angle data of polymers and metallic samples are compared with Warren-Averbach multiple-order and single-order methods. Various column-length-distribution functions are also used for better agreement with the experimental profiles