Global warming will affect the maximum potential abundance of boreal plant species

Forecasting the impact of future global warming on biodiversity requires understanding how temperature limits the distribution of species. Here we rely on Liebig's Law of Minimum to estimate the effect of temperature on the maximum potential abundance that a species can attain at a certain location. We develop 95%‐quantile regressions to model the influence of effective temperature sum on the maximum potential abundance of 25 common understory plant species of Finland, along 868 nationwide plots sampled in 1985. Fifteen of these species showed a significant response to temperature sum that was consistent in temperature‐only models and in all‐predictors models, which also included cumulative precipitation, soil texture, soil fertility, tree species and stand maturity as predictors. For species with significant and consistent responses to temperature, we forecasted potential shifts in abundance for the period 2041–2070 under the IPCC A1B emission scenario using temperature‐only models. We predict major potential changes in abundance and average northward distribution shifts of 6–8 km yr−1. Our results emphasize inter‐specific differences in the impact of global warming on the understory layer of boreal forests. Species in all functional groups from dwarf shrubs, herbs and grasses to bryophytes and lichens showed significant responses to temperature, while temperature did not limit the abundance of 10 species. We discuss the interest of modelling the ‘maximum potential abundance’ to deal with the uncertainty in the predictions of realized abundances associated to the effect of environmental factors not accounted for and to dispersal limitations of species, among others. We believe this concept has a promising and unexplored potential to forecast the impact of specific drivers of global change under future scenarios.202

Elvytyskoulutus Kiteen terveyskeskuksen vastaanoton ja päivystyksen henkilökunnalle

Opinnäytetyömme tarkoituksena oli järjestää hoitoelvytyskoulutus Kiteen terveyskeskuksen vastaanoton ja päivystyksen henkilökunnalle. Koulutuksen tavoitteena oli henkilökunnan elvytystaitojen ylläpito niin, että elvytyspotilaalle turvataan laadukas ammattilaisten toteuttama hoitoelvytys. Toiminnallinen opinnäytetyö toteutettiin Kiteen terveyskeskuksen vastaanottotiloissa marraskuussa 2012. Kohderyhmänä oli vastaanotolla/päivystyksessä työskentelevät sairaanhoitajat, lähi- ja perushoitajat sekä lääkintävahtimestari. Koulutukseen osallistui 16 henkilöä, 3 – 5 henkilön pienryhmissä. Koulutustilaisuus aloitettiin teoriaosuudella, jossa käytiin PowerPoint esityksen avulla läpi koulutuksen tarkoitus ja tavoitteet, käypä hoito -suosituksen muutokset elvytyksessä sekä elottomuuden toteaminen, elvytyksen kulku, defibrillointi, hengityksen turvaaminen, elvytyksessä käytettävät lääkkeet, johtaminen, rosc sekä elvytyksen jälkeinen hoito, elvytyksen lopettaminen ja siitä pidättäytyminen. Teoriaosuuden jälkeen järjestettiin käytännön harjoitus, jossa jokainen vuorollaan teki painantaelvytystä, hengityksen turvaamista, defibrillointia, suoniyhteyden avaamista ja lääkitsemistä sekä johtamista. Koulutuksen jälkeen keskusteltiin koulutuksesta ja koulutettavat saivat esittää kysymyksiä. Koulutukseen osallistuvat vastasivat myös palautekyselyyn elvytyskoulutuksen jälkeen. Elvytyskoulutukseen osallistuneet hoitajat olivat tyytyväisiä koulutuksen sisältöön ja kokivat koulutuksen hyödylliseksi ja toivoivat koulutusta järjestettävän 1 - 2 kertaa vuodessa.The purpose of our thesis was to organize advanced resuscitation training for the reception and emergency duty personnel of the Kitee health center. The objective of the training was to ensure quality advanced resuscitation for patients implemented by professionals. Functional study was conducted at the reception of the Kitee health center in November 2012. The target group was both registered and practical nurses as well as the orderly. The training was organised for 16 people, who were working in small groups consisting of 3 to 5 persons. The training session started with section on theory during which the purpose and objectives of the training as well as the changes in the national guideline for resuscitation were presented in a PowerPoint slideshow. The theory section also included the following; stating sb abiotic, the resuscitation process, defibrillation, ensuring respiration, medication used in the resuscitation, leading, ROSC, treatment after resuscitation as well as the termination and/or abstention from resuscitation. The section on theory was followed by a practical exercise. During the exercise, each participant practised CPR, ensuring respiration, defibrillation, opening the vein connection and medication. Finally, all partici-pants exercised leading the full resuscitation process. After the training, a discussion followed in which the trainees were able to ask questions. Each trainee also completed a feedback form. The feedback showed that all the nurses were satisfied with the content of the training and considered the training beneficial. The participants hoped that the advanced resuscitation training would be organised once or twice every year

Study of the thermal stress in a Pb-free half-bump solder joint under current stressing

The thermal stress in a Sn3.5Ag1Cu half-bump solder joint under a 3.82×108 A/m2 current stressing was analyzed using a coupled-field simulation. Substantial thermal stress accumulated around the Al-to-solder interface, especially in the Ni+(Ni,Cu)3Sn4 layer, where a maximal stress of 138 MPa was identified. The stress gradient in the Ni layer was about 1.67×1013 Pa/m, resulting in a stress migration force of 1.82×10-16 N, which is comparable to the electromigration force, 2.82×10-16 N. Dissolution of the Ni+(Ni,Cu)3Sn4 layer, void formation with cracks at the anode side, and extrusions at the cathode side were observe

A policy for diversity, equity, inclusion and anti-racism in the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI)

Non peer reviewe

A policy for diversity, equity, inclusion and anti-racism in the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI)

Non peer reviewe

Metabolite Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of cognitive functions. Today the diagnosis of AD relies on clinical evaluations and is only late in the disease. Biomarkers for early detection of the underlying neuropathological changes are still lacking and the biochemical pathways leading to the disease are still not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic changes resulting from the disease phenotype by a thorough and systematic metabolite profiling approach. For this purpose CSF samples from 79 AD patients and 51 healthy controls were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS) in conjunction with univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. In total 343 different analytes have been identified. Significant changes in the metabolite profile of AD patients compared to healthy controls have been identified. Increased cortisol levels seemed to be related to the progression of AD and have been detected in more severe forms of AD. Increased cysteine associated with decreased uridine was the best paired combination to identify light AD (MMSE>22) with specificity and sensitivity above 75%. In this group of patients, sensitivity and specificity above 80% were obtained for several combinations of three to five metabolites, including cortisol and various amino acids, in addition to cysteine and uridine

Diabetes and heart failure associations in women and men: results from the MORGAM consortium

Background: Diabetes and its cardiovascular complications are a growing concern worldwide. Recently, some studies have demonstrated that relative risk of heart failure (HF) is higher in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) than in men. This study aims to validate these findings in cohorts representing five countries across Europe. Methods: This study includes 88,559 (51.8% women) participants, 3,281 (46.3% women) of whom had diabetes at baseline. Survival analysis was performed with the outcomes of interest being death and HF with a follow-up time of 12 years. Sub-group analysis according to sex and type of diabetes was also performed for the HF outcome. Results: 6,460 deaths were recorded, of which 567 were amongst those with diabetes. Additionally, HF was diagnosed in 2,772 individuals (446 with diabetes). A multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that there was an increased risk of death and HF (hazard ratio (HR) of 1.73 [1.58–1.89] and 2.12 [1.91–2.36], respectively) when comparing those with diabetes and those without. The HR for HF was 6.72 [2.75–16.41] for women with T1DM vs. 5.80 [2.72–12.37] for men with T1DM, but the interaction term for sex differences was insignificant (p for interaction 0.45). There was no significant difference in the relative risk of HF between men and women when both types of diabetes were combined (HR 2.22 [1.93–2.54] vs. 1.99 [1.67–2.38] respectively, p for interaction 0.80). Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with increased risks of death and heart failure, and there was no difference in relative risk according to sex