4,481 research outputs found
Operational experience with a powered-lift STOL aircraft
The experience gained in over four years of STOL operations with the augmentor wing research aircraft and the background of operation of other STOL powered-lift aircraft indicate that the use and percent of lift achieved by powered lift have significant effects on the operational characteristics of STOL aircraft and, therefore, on the performance that can be achieved. A brief description of the augmentor wing including the means by which it achieves its powered lift is presented. Specific problem areas relating to the control of longitudinal flight path are discussed as well as the consequences these might have on the design and operation of this class of aircraft. Particular emphasis is given to the approach and landing phase of flight where the consequences of the powered lift are most pronounced, and the resultant characteristics most different from those of conventional aircraft
A Flight Investigation of the STOL Characteristics of an Augmented Jet Flap STOL Research Aircraft
The flight test program objectives are: (1) To determine the in-flight aerodynamic, performance, and handling qualities of a jet STOL aircraft incorporating the augmented jet flap concept; (2) to compare the results obtained in flight with characteristics predicted from wind tunnel and simulator test results; (3) to contribute to the development of criteria for design and operation of jet STOL transport aircraft; and (4) to provide a jet STOL transport aircraft for STOL systems research and development. Results obtained during the first 8 months of proof-of-concept flight testing of the aircraft in STOL configurations are reported. Included are a brief description of the aircraft, fan-jet engines, and systems; a discussion of the aerodynamic, stability and control, and STOL performance; and pilot opinion of the handling qualities and operational characteristics
Flight investigation of methods for implementing noise-abatement landing approaches
Flight tests and simulation of steep noise reducing landing approaches with jet transpor
Bound For the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero
Let my people go The Moses of Civil War America Out of one of the few surviving photographs of Harriet Tubman, a small black woman in her eighties stares into the camera with a mesmerizing determination. In her purposeful demeanor and her resolute eyes, one can discern the weight...
Christmas Tree Purchasing Habits of Greater Columbus, Ohio, Consumers -- 1956
Exact date of working paper unknown
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°: ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ? ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°? ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄, Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ?
The first part of the article describes various factors increasing the risk for angle closure glaucoma, such as older age, female sex, being Asian, having blood relatives with glaucoma, having smaller eyes (far-sightedness) and individual features of the eye. It emphasizes that angle closure glaucoma is more a disease of higher than normal eye pressure than is open angle glaucoma. The author explicates in comprehensible anatomic details the process, mechanism and first means of treatment of angle closure, specifics of hyperopic eyes, the nature of pupil block. In the next part of the article the author answers the most pressing question for all glaucoma patients: will I be blind? He explains that though glaucoma presents a real threat to the vision of anyone who develops it, if a person continues to follow the standard care instructions, there is a good chance that he will preserve much of his sight until the end of his life. At the same time the author emphasizes the irreversibility of the vision loss and the importance of adhering with the treatment program, describes several characteristic signs and symptoms of glaucoma, and gives a brief account of the anatomical reasons behind them. Vision loss statistics is also presented. The next section forms of definitive treatment for glaucoma are discussed. Today restoring the lost vision still remains a future hope, however, present treatments can slow the process so much that no meaningful loss might occur in the personβs lifetime. Successful glaucoma surgery can lower eye pressure to a safe level, but it is important to keep having doctorβs exams regularly even when successful surgery has been done. The other kind of successful treatment for most persons with glaucoma is to take daily eye drops indefinitely. Several hypothetic ways of prolonging the effect of glaucoma medicine are discussed, such as long-lasting drugs and virus particles carriers. Current neuroprotection therapy research and the initial steps of nerve cell replacement are also mentioned. The last part of the article gives an account of genetic background of glaucoma and present research of genetic risk factors, and underlines the importance of intrafamilial information sharing and regular glaucoma check-ups.Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ», ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° (Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π»Π°Π· ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ: Β«ΠΠΎΠ³Ρ Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅?Β» ΠΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π£ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°: ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 4. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°? ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Being diagnosed with glaucoma tends to permanently change one's daily activities, but it is important for every patient to realize that glaucoma can be managed and generally kept from changing his life. The first part of the article explains what everyday personal habits - such as aerobic exercise - might be useful for glaucoma patients, which of them to avoid (Valsalva maneuver, weight lifting etc.) and which have no effect on glaucoma whatsoever (diet, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, reading and watching TV). The second part of the article focuses on the importance of low vision rehabilitation services and understanding what treatments, practical aids, technology and training it has to offer. One of the two main options of the low vision rehabilitation is using special equipment to improve visual function, choice and variety of which is vast (lenses, special filters, cell phone technology, magnifiers with LED lights, video magnification, software, etc). Alternative approach is using adaptive strategies and techniques and βlow-tech" solutions. The author also reminds that psychological counseling and treatment may be in question in some cases, since glaucoma patients with substantial vision loss are prone to depression. The difference in life with glaucoma is often one's ability to adapt, and incorporating devices and adaptive strategies in to daily life might help with that.ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Β«Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Β» Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°) ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ.), Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ°). ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ (Π»ΠΈΠ½Π·Ρ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π»ΡΠΏΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄.). ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°: ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 3. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ? ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ
This part of the article discusses present mainline therapy for glaucoma, lowering the eye pressure: daily eye drops, laser treatment to the angle, or various forms of surgery. Though each method works, they all have their own advantages and downsides. Choice of the starting treatment largely depends on the form of glaucoma and should be a mutual decision of both the doctor and the patient. Eyedrops are the most widespread beginning treatment and can be enough for many patients. Their strong points are that they usually donβt do permanent damage to the eye, they work as indicated the majority of the time and, in case of necessity are easily switched to something else, mostly without any ill effects. The two weak points are: side effects and adherence problems. Side effects vary from temporary to lasting and serious, that can force about 10% of patients to stop regular instillations. The second problem with taking drops is adherence: patients forgetting to take them or not taking them as prescribed. As for laser angle treatment, its good points are that it is nearly impossible to hurt vision or the eye when done properly, and, having laser treatment doesnβt prevent a person from later using other treatments to lower eye pressure if the laser doesnβt work. Itβs painless, takes only eyedrop anesthesia, takes about 15 minutes to do, and vision is nearly normal immediately. Itβs biggest problem is that laser angle treatment often isnβt powerful enough. It works best for those with uncomplicated or primary glaucoma, and probably shouldnβt be tried in those with secondary glaucoma. The main upside of glaucoma surgery is a reasonable success at lowering pressure. As for the risks of surgery, they can be grouped into the bothersome, such as a gritty sensation and the dangerous, such as overly low pressure potentially aggravating vision, infections and risk of cataract development. Further details are given on hypotensive drop instillations. According to the studies conducted over the last years, patients instill from 20% to 75% of the prescribed medicine. Possible reasons for the adherence problems are numbered. The importance of having an iron-clad reminder system is emphasized, for example, wrist watch alarms going off every day or every 12 hours, relatives reminding to take drops, making instillation schedules, linking the instillations to something in daily routine and keeping the medicine in plain sight. The article dwells on the doctor-patient collaboration when taking the drops, gives tips for the doctors that could help increase the adherence and finally the 13 ways the patient can get glaucoma eye drops into the eye, while being effective at lowering eye pressure and saving money are enumerated in details.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅ Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ: Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ, Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° Π³Π»Π°Π·Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡ
ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 10% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ: ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΡΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π·Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π³Π»Π°Π·Ρ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ) Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΄ Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ: Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°, ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 75%. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ 1 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 13 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ
A Flower That\u27s Lost Its Bloom
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4380/thumbnail.jp
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°: ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ Ρ. Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ?
The first part of the article aims to give a patient a general idea of glaucoma as a complex disease. It provides a comprehensible description of eye's anatomy, histology and physiological processes. It also explains pathological processes associated with glaucoma, why a patient is prone to take no notice of the changes and what symptoms to look out for. Stating that all forms of glaucoma are related to some degree to the pressure inside the eye, the article dwells further on the concept of intraocular pressure, its normal ranges and what happens if they are exceeded. The second part describes the various types of glaucoma and how they differ. The author emphasizes that there are almost no life-style choices that are known to be big factors in leading to either form of glaucoma. The most important things that determine glaucoma risk are how the eye was built and how it responds to changes in its environment, because the death of ganglion cells in both open-angle and angle closure glaucoma results partly from weaknesses in the tissues around them and partly from defects in the ganglion cells themselves as well as under-responses or over-responses in the normal defense mechanisms. The article explicates the idea of contributing risk factors and considers the contributing risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. Main contributing factors of open angle glaucoma - such as age, elevated eye pressure, ethnicity, hereditary background, myopia, low blood pressure, exfoliation and pigment dispersion - are specified and given further explanation. Controversial risk factors (corneal thickness, heart disease, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon) as well as things that do not present risk of glaucoma development, contrary to common opinion (gender, diabetes, hypertension, diet and alcohol) are also listed.Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ, Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ - Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΡ-ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° (ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ) ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ (ΠΏΠΎΠ», Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ)
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