Evaluation of Lightning Induced Effects in a Graphite Composite Fairing Structure

Defining the electromagnetic environment inside a graphite composite fairing due to lightning is of interest to spacecraft developers. This paper is the first in a two part series and studies the shielding effectiveness of a graphite composite model fairing using derived equivalent properties. A frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM) model is developed and comparisons are made with shielding test results obtained using a vehicle-like composite fairing. The comparison results show that the analytical models can adequately predict the test results. Both measured and model data indicate that graphite composite fairings provide significant attenuation to magnetic fields as frequency increases. Diffusion effects are also discussed. Part 2 examines the time domain based effects through the development of a loop based induced field testing and a Transmission-Line-Matrix (TLM) model is developed in the time domain to study how the composite fairing affects lightning induced magnetic fields. Comparisons are made with shielding test results obtained using a vehicle-like composite fairing in the time domain. The comparison results show that the analytical models can adequately predict the test and industry results

Stability Constants of Glutamic Acid Complexes with Some Metal Ions

1021-102

Rast, sastav mesa i krvni pokazatelji kod prve generacije novih hibrida pilića i njihovih križanih roditelja.

A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old chicks of FIRI (Fayoumi male x RIR female), RLH (White Leghorn male x F1 female (Fayoumi male x RIR female) and RLH-G1 (generation one of RLH) chickens were obtained from the hatchery of the Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The chickens of each crossbred were divided into 5 groups as replicates under a completely randomized design, so that there were 400 chickens in each replicate. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the average day-old weight was highest in RLH, intermediate in RLH-G1and lowest in FIRI chickens. The RLH-G1chickens consumed less (P0.05) dressing %age was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RLH (62.10) and RLH-G1 (61.98) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had a non-significant (P>0.05) difference of all crossbred chickens. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values between all crossbred chickens. The total erythrocyte number, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) increased with the advancement of age. However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that RLH and RLHG1crossbred chickens gained better body weight than FIRI chickens, with lower mortality. The first generation of RLH showed better FCR than RLH and FIRI crossbred chickens.U radu je korišteno ukupno 2000 jednodnevnih pilića, neodređenog spola, dobivenih iz valionice Instituta za istraživanje peradi u Ravalpindiju. S obzirom na roditelje, pilići su imali oznake FIRI (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke), RLH (mužjaci bijelog leghorna x F1 ženke (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke) i RLH-G1 (prva generacija RLH). Metodom slučajnog izbora pilići su podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 400 jedinki u svakoj skupini. Tijekom razdoblja od 20 tjedana, primijenjen je sustav držanja pilića na dubokoj prostirci. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna masa jednodnevnih pilića najveća u skupini RLH, zatim slijede pilići u RLH-G1, te pilići s najnižom prosječnom masom iz FIRI skupine. Pilići iz RLH-G1 skupine konzumirali su manje (P0,05) opažen je u skupini FIRI (62,60 %) pilića, slijedili su pilići RLH (62,10 %) i RLH-G1 (61,98 %) skupina. Sastav mesa prsa i bataka nije se signifikantno razlikovao (P>0,05) između pilića križanaca. Također, nesignifikantne (P>0,05) razlike između pilića utvrđene su i za sve krvne pokazatelje. Ukupni broj eritrocita, hemoglobin i hematokrit rasli su s porastom dobi pilića, dok su sedimentacija, prosječni volumen i prosječni hemoglobin eritrocita s porastom dobi postupno opadali. Može se zaključiti da su pilići križanci RLH i RLH-G1 skupina imali bolji prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na piliće FIRI skupine koji su imali manju smrtnost. Prva generacija pilića iz RLH skupine pokazala je bolji FCR prirast nego pilići križanci RLH i FIRI skupina

Rast, sastav mesa i krvni pokazatelji kod prve generacije novih hibrida pilića i njihovih križanih roditelja.

A total of 2000 un-sexed day-old chicks of FIRI (Fayoumi male x RIR female), RLH (White Leghorn male x F1 female (Fayoumi male x RIR female) and RLH-G1 (generation one of RLH) chickens were obtained from the hatchery of the Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The chickens of each crossbred were divided into 5 groups as replicates under a completely randomized design, so that there were 400 chickens in each replicate. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. The results showed that the average day-old weight was highest in RLH, intermediate in RLH-G1and lowest in FIRI chickens. The RLH-G1chickens consumed less (P0.05) dressing %age was observed in FIRI (62.60) followed by RLH (62.10) and RLH-G1 (61.98) chickens. The breast and thigh meat composition had a non-significant (P>0.05) difference of all crossbred chickens. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) difference in haematological values between all crossbred chickens. The total erythrocyte number, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) increased with the advancement of age. However, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values decreased gradually with the advancement of age. It may be concluded that RLH and RLHG1crossbred chickens gained better body weight than FIRI chickens, with lower mortality. The first generation of RLH showed better FCR than RLH and FIRI crossbred chickens.U radu je korišteno ukupno 2000 jednodnevnih pilića, neodređenog spola, dobivenih iz valionice Instituta za istraživanje peradi u Ravalpindiju. S obzirom na roditelje, pilići su imali oznake FIRI (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke), RLH (mužjaci bijelog leghorna x F1 ženke (Fayoumi mužjaci x RIR ženke) i RLH-G1 (prva generacija RLH). Metodom slučajnog izbora pilići su podijeljeni u 5 skupina po 400 jedinki u svakoj skupini. Tijekom razdoblja od 20 tjedana, primijenjen je sustav držanja pilića na dubokoj prostirci. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna masa jednodnevnih pilića najveća u skupini RLH, zatim slijede pilići u RLH-G1, te pilići s najnižom prosječnom masom iz FIRI skupine. Pilići iz RLH-G1 skupine konzumirali su manje (P0,05) opažen je u skupini FIRI (62,60 %) pilića, slijedili su pilići RLH (62,10 %) i RLH-G1 (61,98 %) skupina. Sastav mesa prsa i bataka nije se signifikantno razlikovao (P>0,05) između pilića križanaca. Također, nesignifikantne (P>0,05) razlike između pilića utvrđene su i za sve krvne pokazatelje. Ukupni broj eritrocita, hemoglobin i hematokrit rasli su s porastom dobi pilića, dok su sedimentacija, prosječni volumen i prosječni hemoglobin eritrocita s porastom dobi postupno opadali. Može se zaključiti da su pilići križanci RLH i RLH-G1 skupina imali bolji prirast tjelesne mase u odnosu na piliće FIRI skupine koji su imali manju smrtnost. Prva generacija pilića iz RLH skupine pokazala je bolji FCR prirast nego pilići križanci RLH i FIRI skupina

A study of the developmental morphology and anatomy of the floral parts of Triticum aestivum L

The arrangement of outer three layers (i.e. dermatogen, hypodermis, and subhypodermis) in the spikelet apex and floret primordium is similar to that of the vegetative apex. In their origins the lemma, palea, lodicules, carpel and integuments are leaf-like, whereas the floret and stamen primordia are similar to axillary buds. The integuments arise almost entirely from the repeated divisions of dermatogen cells, Each stigmatic hair develops by the elongation and characteristic division of a single epidermal cell of the stigma. A main vascular strand enters the base of each lodioule and by repeated divisions forms a ramification throughout the lodicule. The procambium appears as an isolated patch of tissue in the position of the future median and lateral strands of the carpel and of the single strand of the stamen. The first appearance of the procambium is restricted to the middle region of the future longitudinal course of the strand. From this point of origin each procambial strand continues its initiation both acropetally and basipetally. A similar pattern of origin and differentiation has been observed for the initiation and propagation of the first protophloem element. It holds also for the first element of protoxylemin the stamen. In the funicular strand the differentiation of the pro-cambium and the vascular elements is acropetal. Comparable stages in the initiation of the carpel and the differentiation of the procambium have also been observed in Avena, Oryza and Secale. The significance of the above observations is discussed. Some observations are also made on the ultra structure of differentiating protophloem elements of the stamen

CatSper ion channels: Bioinformatics analysis in Homo sapiens

Due to the availability of huge amount of molecular biology data, our main focus was to determine the protein structures, functions and their role in different molecular pathways. The 3-D structure prediction of protein is important in medicine and biotechnology. Molecular docking not only finds the interaction between proteins but also the accurate models of energy of these interacting proteins and helps in further designing of the better drug for that particular protein. The drug targeting is either to inhibit, restore or for the modification of the protein structure. CatSper protein family is calcium ion permeable channels, located in the plasma membrane of sperm tail. It contains a conserved domain of six transmembrane helices in their protein sequence. These four CatSper proteins (1 to 4) assemble and form tetramer, calcium selective channel. It has been found that all members of CatSper protein family (1-4) have a role in hyperactivation in sperm and fertilization processes. As a result of deletion of certain regions (bps) containing these genes along with some other genes, male infertility occurs. We have predicted and analyzed the 3D structures of all members of CatSper protein family in this article. Docking of predicted 3D structures of CatSper protein family, with calcium ion was also performed to verify their interactions.Key words: CatSper, bioinformatics analysis, infertility, cation channel

On the Spectral Properties and Excitation Dynamics of Long-Wavelength Chlorophylls in Higher-Plant Photosystem I

In higher-plant Photosystem I (PSI), the majority of “red” chlorophylls (absorbing at longer wavelengths than the reaction centre P700) are located in the peripheral antenna, but contradicting reports are given about red forms in the core complex. Here we attempt to clarify the spectroscopic characteristics and quantify the red forms in the PSI core complex, which have profound implication on understanding the energy transfer and charge separation dynamics. To this end we compare the steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra and picosecond time-resolved fluorescence kinetics of isolated PSI core complex and PSI–LHCI supercomplex from Pisum sativum recorded at 77 K. Gaussian decomposition of the absorption spectra revealed a broad band at 705 nm in the core complex with an oscillator strength of three chlorophylls. Additional absorption at 703 nm and 711 nm in PSI–LHCI indicated up to five red chlorophylls in the peripheral antenna. Analysis of fluorescence emission spectra resolved states emitting at 705, 715 and 722 nm in the core and additional states around 705–710 nm and 733 nm in PSI–LHCI. The red states compete with P700 in trapping excitations in the bulk antenna, which occurs on a timescale of ~20 ps. The three red forms in the core have distinct decay kinetics, probably in part determined by the rate of quenching by the oxidized P700. These results affirm that the red chlorophylls in the core complex must not be neglected when interpreting kinetic experimental results of PSI

Emotion Detection from EEG using Transfer Learning

The detection of emotions using an Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a crucial area in brain-computer interfaces and has valuable applications in fields such as rehabilitation and medicine. In this study, we employed transfer learning to overcome the challenge of limited data availability in EEG-based emotion detection. The base model used in this study was Resnet50. Additionally, we employed a novel feature combination in EEG-based emotion detection. The input to the model was in the form of an image matrix, which comprised Mean Phase Coherence (MPC) and Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC) in the upper-triangular and lower-triangular matrices, respectively. We further improved the technique by incorporating features obtained from the Differential Entropy (DE) into the diagonal, which previously held little to no useful information for classifying emotions. The dataset used in this study, SEED EEG (62 channel EEG), comprises three classes (Positive, Neutral, and Negative). We calculated both subject-independent and subject-dependent accuracy. The subject-dependent accuracy was obtained using a 10-fold cross-validation method and was 93.1%, while the subject-independent classification was performed by employing the leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) strategy. The accuracy obtained in subject-independent classification was 71.6%. Both of these accuracies are at least twice better than the chance accuracy of classifying 3 classes. The study found the use of MSC and MPC in EEG-based emotion detection promising for emotion classification. The future scope of this work includes the use of data augmentation techniques, enhanced classifiers, and better features for emotion classification.Comment: Preprint of the manuscript accepted for presentation in 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. DOI will be updated soo