Muistisairaiden liikunnallisen kuntoutuksen vaikuttavuus : Satunnaistettu vertailutukimus

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää satunnaistetulla,kontrolloidulla asetelmalla liikunnallisen harjoittelun vaikuttavuutta kotona asuvien, Alzheimerin tautia sairastavien toimintakyvyn eri ulottuvuuksiin, heidän omaishoitajiensa elämänlaatuun sekä molempien palveluiden käyttöön ja niiden kustannuksiin vuosina 2008–2011. Tutkimukseen osallistui 210 pariskuntaa, joista toinen puoliso oli muistisairaan omaishoitaja. Pariskunnat randomoitiin kolmeen yhtä suureen ryhmään: 1) ryhmäkuntoutusryhmään (liikuntaharjoittelua neljä tuntia kaksi kertaa viikossa päiväkeskuksessa vuoden ajan), 2) kotikuntoutusryhmään (tunti kaksi kertaa viikossa kotona vuoden ajan fysioterapeutin ohjauksessa) ja 3) vertailuryhmään (tavallinen kunnallinen hoito). Tutkimushoitajan haastattelut tehtiin lähtötilanteessa sekä 3:n, 6:n, 12:n ja 24 kuukauden kohdalla. Päätulosmuuttujat olivat muistisairaan ihmisen toimintakyky (mitattiin FIM-toimintakykymittarilla) sekä liikuntakyky (mitattiin Guralnikin liikuntakyky- ja tasapainotesteillä = SPPB). Kotona annetulla räätälöidyllä kuntoutuksella voidaan hidastaa muistisairaiden fyysisen toimintakyvyn (mitattu FIM-mittarilla) heikkenemistä merkitsevästi. Liikuntatesteissä (SPPB) ei ollut eroja ryhmien välillä. Myös kognitiossa näkyi myönteinen muutos toiminnanohjauksen osalta kellotestillä mitattuna kotikuntoutusryhmässä. Ryhmäkuntoutuksessa palveluiden kokonaiskustannusten säästöt olivat merkittävät, joskaan muutokset toimintakyvyssä eivät saavuttaneet tilastollista merkitsevyyttä. Omaisten elämänlaadussa tai muissa mittareissa ei ollut merkitseviä eroja interventioryhmien ja vertailuryhmien välillä. Kaatumiset vähenivät molemmissa interventioryhmissä. Kuolemanvaara näytti pienentyneen kotikuntoutusryhmässä. Tutkimuksessa luotiin kuntoutusmalli, joka parantaa Alzheimerin tautia sairastavien toimintakykyä lisäämättä sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden kokonaiskustannuksia.15,00 euro

Training Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities-Effects on Residents' Symptoms, Psychological Well-Being, and Proxy Satisfaction

Context. Long-term care facility (LTCF) residents have unmet needs in end-of-life and symptom care. Objectives. This study examines the effects of an end-of-life care staff training intervention on LTCF residents' pain, symptoms, and psychological well-being and their proxies' satisfaction with care. Methods. We report findings from a single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial featuring 324 residents with end-of-life care needs in 20 LTCF wards in Helsinki. The training intervention included four 4-hour educational workshops on palliative care principles (advance care planning, adverse effects of hospitalizations, symptom management, communication, supporting proxies, challenging situations). Training was provided to all members of staff in small groups. Education was based on constructive learning methods and included participants' own resident cases, role-plays, and small-group discussions. During a 12-month follow-up we assessed residents' symptoms with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), pain with the PAINAD instrument and psychological well-being using a PWB questionnaire. Proxies' satisfaction with care was assessed using the SWC-EOLD. Results. The change in ESAS symptom scores from baseline to 6 months favored the intervention group compared with the control group. However, the finding was diluted at 12 months. PAINAD, PWB, and SWC-EOLD scores remained unaffected by the intervention. All follow-up analyses were adjusted for age, gender, do-not-resuscitate order, need for help, and clustering. Conclusion. Our rigorous randomized controlled trial on palliative care training intervention demonstrated mild effects on residents' symptoms and no robust effects on psychological well-being or on proxies' satisfaction with care. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine.Peer reviewe

Effects of Staff Training on Nursing Home Residents’ End-Of-Life Care : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care MedicinePeer reviewe

Relationship of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms with Falls in Alzheimer's Disease : Does Exercise Modify the Risk?

Peer reviewe

Use of in vivo phage display to engineer novel adenoviruses for targeted delivery to the cardiac vasculature

We performed in vivo phage display in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, a cardiovascular disease model, and the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat to identify cardiac targeting peptides, and then assessed each in the context of viral gene delivery. We identified both common and strain-selective peptides, potentially indicating ubiquitous markers and those found selectively in dysfunctional microvasculature of the heart. We show the utility of the peptide, DDTRHWG, for targeted gene delivery in human cells and rats in vivo when cloned into the fiber protein of subgroup D adenovirus 19p. This study therefore identifies cardiac targeting peptides by in vivo phage display and the potential of a candidate peptide for vector targeting strategies

Monetary value of informal caregiving in dementia from a societal perspective

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Effect of Exercise on Drug-Related Falls Among Persons with Alzheimer's Disease : A Secondary Analysis of the FINALEX Study

Introduction No study has investigated how exercise modifies the effect of fall-related drugs (FRDs) on falls among people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how exercise intervention and FRDs interact with fall risk among patients with AD. Methods In the FINALEX trial, community-dwelling persons with AD received either home-based or group-based exercise twice weekly for 1 year (n = 129); the control group received normal care (n = 65). The number of falls was based on spouses' fall diaries. We examined the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for falls among both non-users and users of various FRDs (antihypertensives, psychotropics, drugs with anticholinergic properties [DAPs]) in both control and combined intervention groups. Results Between the intervention and control groups, there was no difference in the number of falls among those without antihypertensives or psychotropics. In the intervention group taking antihypertensives, the IRR was 0.5 falls/person-year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4-0.6), while in the control group, the IRR was 1.5 falls/person-year (95% CI 1.2-1.8) [p <0.001 for group, p = 0.067 for medication, p <0.001 for interaction]. Among patients using psychotropics, the intervention group had an IRR of 0.7 falls/person-year (95% CI 0.6-0.9), while the control group had an IRR of 2.0 falls/person-year (95% CI 1.6-2.5) [p <0.001 for group, p = 0.071 for medication, p <0.001 for interaction]. There was a significant difference in falls between the intervention and control groups not using DAPs (0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7; 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4), and between the intervention and control groups using DAPs (1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.3; 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.1) [p <0.001 for group, p = 0.014 for medication, p = 0.97 for interaction]. Conclusion Exercise has the potential to decrease the risk for falls among people with AD using antihypertensives and psychotropics.Peer reviewe